Trispecific antibodies specific for her2 and a blood brain barrier receptor and methods of use

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to trispecific antibodies binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R), methods for their production, pharmaceutical compositions containing said antibodies, and uses thereof.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of International Application PCT/EP2016/064124, filed Jun. 20, 2016, which claims the benefit of priority of European Patent Application No. 15173640.2 filed Jun. 24, 2015, the disclosures of both which are-incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

SEQUENCE LISTING

The instant application contains a Sequence Listing which has been submitted electronically in ASCII format and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Said ASCII copy, created on Dec. 12, 2017 is named P32940US_ST25.txt and is 337,315 bytes in size.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to trispecific antibodies binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R), methods for their production, pharmaceutical compositions containing said antibodies, and uses thereof.

BACKGROUND

Antibodies specific for tumor-associated antigens are a valuable approach in cancer therapy because they mediate selective destruction of tumor cells, while leaving healthy cells and tissues undamaged. Treatment of cancers affecting the central nervous system (CNS) with large molecules such as antibodies remains challenging as brain penetration is severely limited by the largely impermeable blood-brain barrier (BBB). Past studies have shown that a very small percentage (approximately 0.1%) of an IgG circulating in the bloodstream crosses through the BBB into the CNS (Felgenhauer, Klin. Wschr. 52: 1158-1164 (1974)), where the CNS concentration of the antibody may be insufficient to permit a robust effect. Among the many strategies to overcome this obstacle is to utilize transcytosis trafficking pathways of endogenous receptors expressed at the brain capillary endothelium. Recombinant proteins such as monoclonal antibodies have been designed against these receptors to enable receptor-mediated delivery of large molecules to the brain. However, strategies to maximize brain uptake while minimizing reverse transcytosis back to the blood, and the extent of accumulation after therapeutic dosing, remain unexplored. Furthermore, whether antibodies that cross the BBB are pharmacodynamically functional is unknown.

Members of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases are important mediators of cell growth, differentiation and survival. The receptor family includes four distinct members, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR or ErbB1), HER2 (ErbB2 or p185″e″), HER3 (ErbB3) and HER4 (ErbB4 or tyro2). HER2 is a transmembrane surface-bound receptor tyrosine kinase and is normally involved in the signal transduction pathways leading to cell growth and differentiation. HER2 is a promising target for treatment of breast cancer as it was found to be overexpressed in about one-quarter of breast cancer patients (Bange et al, 2001, Nature Medicine 7:548).

The murine monoclonal antibody 4D5 is targeting HER2 specifically in HER2 overexpressing cancer cells, while having no effect on cells expressing physiological levels of HER2. The humanized (4D5) monoclonal antibody (hu4D5) is commercially known as the drug Herceptin® (trastuzumab, rhuMAb HER2, U.S. Pat. No. 5,821,337), which gained FDA marketing approval in late 1998.

Herceptin was the first monoclonal antibody developed for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer and has increased survival times for patients so that they are now the same as for patients with HER2-negative breast cancer. Before Herceptin treatment, shorter survival outcomes were expected for patients diagnosed with HER2-positive breast cancer, compared to patients with HER2-negative disease. In the CLEOPATRA study, PERJETA in combination with Herceptin and chemotherapy has shown the extension of survival times for patients with this aggressive disease even further than Herceptin.

Pertuzumab (PERJETA™, rhuMab 2C4, U.S. Pat. No. 7,862,817) is a humanized monoclonal antibody, which is designed specifically to prevent the HER2 receptor from pairing (dimerising) with other HER receptors (EGFR/HER1, HER3 and HER4) on the surface of cells, a process that is believed to play a role in tumor growth and survival. The combination of PERJETA, Herceptin and chemotherapy is thought to provide a more comprehensive blockade of HER signaling pathways. PERJETA is approved in combination with Herceptin (trastuzumab) and docetaxel in adult patients with HER2-positive metastatic or locally recurrent unresectable breast cancer and gained FDA approval for neoadjuvant breast cancer treatment in September 2013. Pertuzumab binds to domain II of HER2, essential for dimerization, while Ttrastuzumab binds to extracellular domain IV of HER2.

Li et al (Cancer Research. 2013) describe bispecific, bivalent antibodies to ErbB2 that overcome trastuzumab resistance. The bispecific, bivalent antibodies described therein are based on the native Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab sequences.

Central nervous system (CNS) metastases are observed in up to half of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC), with incidence likely to continue to rise due to longer survival through improved systemic treatments. Drugs that specifically block HER2 to stop the growth of cancer cells are called HER2-targeted therapies. Examples of these drugs include trastuzumab (Herceptin), lapatinib (Tykerb), pertuzumab (Perjeta), and ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla), commonly referred to as T-DM1. Some of these drugs may be used together with chemotherapy. Unfortunately, these drugs are not usually able to reach the brain as easily as they can reach the rest of the body, with lapatinib being a possible exception. Therefore, when cancer spreads to the brain it is usually treated with surgery and/or radiation therapy. While radiotherapy-based approaches can be effective, there are potential short- and long-term toxicities, and patients frequently progress. CNS response to existing systemic therapies has been generally poor, and there is a high unmet need with no approved treatment for CNS metastases in HER2-positive MBC.

Surprisingly the inventors of the present application found that optimizing the native Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab sequences and combining these optimized variants with a third binder targeting a blood brain barrier receptor (BBBR) results in a functional molecule with improved properties compared to the combination of the monospecific antibodies rhuMab 2C4 and hu 4D5. Hence the new trispecific format combines the superior characteristics of the bispecific HER2 antibodies known in the art with the advantages of a classical monospecific HER2 antibody and specific CNS targeting: The novel trispecific antibodies of the present invention are monovalent for the two different HER2 epitopes, resulting in the same avidity effect as the bivalent parental antibodies and specifically target the CNS via a BBBR binding moiety. In contrast, tetravalent antibodies may differ in their avidity for HER2 on cells. The avidity effect of the novel trispecific HER2 antibodies may result in a superior safety window on cell types with low HER2 expression such as in normal tissues or cardiac tissues where inhibition of HER2 and/or ADCC may not be desired.

In one aspect of the invention a trispecific antibody binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R) is provided, comprising an IgG molecule wherein one of the Fab fragments is replaced by a crossover Fab fragment. Crossover Fab fragments are Fab fragments wherein either the variable regions or the constant regions of the heavy and light chain are exchanged. Bispecific antibody formats comprising crossover Fab fragments have been described, for example, in WO2009080252, WO2009080253, WO2009080251, WO2009080254, WO2010/136172, WO2010/145792 and WO2013/026831. The native Trastuzumab sequences have been optimized in their CDRs to improve the stability of the antibody CDRs against spontaneous chemical modification, the resulting sequences framework-grafted to avoid mispairing, resulting in highly potent trispecific antibodies that specifically bind to HER2; finally they can be produced with high yield and only low percentage of side products comparable to the conventional parental Her2 antibodies. Chain mispairing of light chains resulting from the fact that both pertuzumab and trastuzumab are based on a comparable framework region has been overcome by grafting the CDRs on a completely novel antibody framework.

In another aspect of the invention trispecific antibodies binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R) are provided wherein the two binding moieties for HER2 comprise identical light chains based on a consensus of the parental trastuzumab and pertuzumab light chains and the corresponding pertuzumab heavy chain has been remodeled. The use of this so-called ‘common light chain’ principle, i.e. combining two binders that share one light chain but still have separate specificities, prevents light chain mispairing and in this particular case retains the epitope specificity of the parental antibodies. As a consequence, there are less side products during production, facilitating the homogenous preparation of the trispecific antigen binding molecules at high yields. Surprisingly the inventors of the present invention found that the bispecific HER2 antibodies in the monovalent common light chain format have an increased affinity to the pertuzumab epitope, and show superior inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and induction of cell dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) as compared to the combination of the parental antibodies. Complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) is very important for the optimal therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) function and is totally conserved even after a chemotherapy treatment. However, this activity is generated by some antibodies but not all of them.

SUMMARY

The present invention relates to a trispecific antibody specifically binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R), comprising a first monovalent antigen binding site specific for extracellular domain II of HER2 and a second monovalent antigen binding site specific for extracellular domain IV of HER2, and a third monovalent antigen binding site specific for a BBB-R. In one aspect the BBB-R of the third antigen binding site is selected from the group consisting of transferrin receptor (TfR), insulin receptor, insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF receptor), low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8), low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF). In one aspect the third antigen binding site is specific for the transferrin receptor. In one aspect the third antigen binding site specifically binds to an epitope in the transferrin receptor comprised within the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 202, 203 and/or 204.

In one aspect the trispecific antibody specifically binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R), comprises a first Fab molecule capable of specific binding to extracellular domain II of HER2 and a second Fab molecule capable of specific binding to extracellular domain IV of HER2, wherein the sequence of the variable light chain of the first Fab molecule is identical to the sequence of the variable light chain of the second Fab molecule. In one aspect the trispecific antibody specifically binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R) comprises (a) a first heavy chain comprising a heavy chain CDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 58 and SEQ ID NO: 14; a heavy chain CDR 2 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 77; SEQ ID NO: 15 and SEQ ID NO: 60 and a heavy chain CDR 3 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 56 or SEQ ID NO: 59 and SEQ ID NO: 16, and (b) a second heavy chain comprising a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20, a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29 and a heavy chain CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 30 and SEQ ID NO: 79; and (c) a first and a second light chain, wherein the variable light chains of the first and second light chain comprise the CDRs comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90 and SEQ ID NO: 19. In one aspect the trispecific antibody specifically binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R) comprises two variable light chains comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 54, a first heavy chain comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 70 and SEQ ID NO: 68, and a second heavy chain comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 92 and SEQ ID NO: 117. In one aspect the trispecific antibody specifically binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R) comprises a first Fab molecule capable of specific binding to extracellular domain II of HER2 and a second Fab molecule capable of specific binding to extracellular domain IV of HER2, wherein either the variable regions or the constant regions of the heavy and light chain of at least one Fab fragment are exchanged. In one aspect the trispecific antibody specifically binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R) comprises a first Fab molecule comprising a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15 and a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16; and a light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11; a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12 and a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and a second Fab molecule comprising a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20; a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 108; a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 79; and a light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 107, a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18 and a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19. In one aspect the trispecific antibody specifically binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R) comprises a first Fab molecule comprising a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15 and a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16; and a light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11; a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12 and a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and a second Fab molecule comprising a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20, a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29, and a heavy chain CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88; and a light chain CDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 104, SEQ ID NO: 103 and SEQ ID NO: 158; a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18 and a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19. In one aspect the trispecific antibody specifically binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R) comprises a first Fab molecule comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22 and a variable light chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24 and wherein a second Fab molecule comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105 and a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 106. In one aspect the trispecific antibody specifically binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R) comprises a third antigen binding site specific for a BBB-R selected from a scFv or a scFab. In one aspect the scFv or scFab is connected to the N-terminus of an IgG molecule comprising the first and second antigen binding site. In one aspect the scFv or scFab is connected to the C-terminus of the first or second subunit of the Fc domain. In one aspect the trispecific antibody specifically binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R) comprises a third antigen binding site comprising a 1. a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 186, a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 187 and a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence selected from the group of SEQ ID NO: 188, SEQ ID NO: 206 or SEQ ID NO: 174; and a light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 189, a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 190 and a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:191. In one aspect the trispecific antibody specifically binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R) comprises a third antigen binding site comprising a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 172, a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 173 and a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 174; and a light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 175, a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 176 and a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:177.

In one aspect the trispecific antibody specifically binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R) comprises a third antigen binding site comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 178 and a variable light chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 179 or a humanized version thereof. In one aspect the trispecific antibody specifically binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R) comprises a third antigen binding site comprising 1. a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 192 or SEQ ID NO: 205 and a variable light chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 193.

In one aspect the trispecific antibody specifically binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R) comprises a third antigen binding site comprising a heavy chain CDR1 of SEQ ID NO: 180, a heavy chain CDR2 of SEQ ID NO: 181 and a heavy chain CDR3 of SEQ ID NO: 182; and a light chain CDR1 of SEQ ID NO: 183, a light chain CDR2 of SEQ ID NO: 184 and a light chain CDR3 of SEQ ID NO: 185. In one aspect the trispecific antibody specifically binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R) comprises a third antigen binding site comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 166 and a variable light chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 167 or a humanized version thereof. In one aspect the trispecific antibody specifically binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R) comprises a third antigen binding site comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 194, SEQ ID NO: 195, SEQ ID NO: 196, SEQ ID NO: 197, SEQ ID NO: 198, SEQ ID NO: 199, or SEQ ID NO: 200, and a variable light chain comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group of SEQ ID NO: 201, SEQ ID NO: 207, SEQ ID NO: 208, or SEQ ID NO:209.

In one aspect the trispecific antibody specifically binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R) comprises a third antigen binding site comprising sequence alterations in the CDRs resulting in a reduced affinity.

In a second object the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a trispecific antibody of the present invention.

In a third object the present invention relates to a trispecific antibody of the present invention for the treatment of cancer. In another embodiment, use of the trispecific antibody as a medicament is provided. Preferably said use is for the treatment of cancer. In one aspect said cancer is a HER2-positive cancer with brain metastases.

In further objects the present invention relates to a nucleic acid sequence comprising a sequence encoding a heavy chain of a trispecific antibody of the present invention, a nucleic acid sequence comprising a sequence encoding a light chain of a trispecific antibody of the present invention, an expression vector comprising a nucleic acid sequence of the present invention and to a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cell comprising a vector of the present invention. In addition a method of producing an antibody comprising culturing the host cell so that the antibody is produced is provided.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIGS. 1A-D: Schematic drawing of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab bispecific antibodies in a 2+2 IgG-scFv format. The antibodies are bivalent for each antigen binding site and are able to bind two different paratopes in the ErbB2/HER2 receptor (antigen1=trastuzumab specificity, i.e. extracellular domain IV of HER2; antigen2=pertuzumab specificity extracellular domain II of HER2) (A): The single chain Fv (scFv) is fused C-terminally to the heavy chain in the order VH-VL (TvAB12, SEQ ID NOs 123 and 124). (B): The single chain Fv (scFv) is fused N-terminally to the light chain in the order VL-VH (TvAB13, SEQ ID NOs 125 and 126). (C) The single chain Fv (scFv) is fused C-terminally to the light chain in the order VL-VH (TvAB16: SEQ ID NOs 127 and 128, TvAB20: SEQ ID NOs 131 and 132). (D): The single chain Fv (scFv) is fused C-terminally to the heavy chain in the order VL-VH (TvAB17: SEQ ID NOs 129 and 130).

FIGS. 2A-B: Purification of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab bispecific antibodies in a 2+2 IgG-scFv format. (A): Size-exclusion purification of TvAb12 (SEQ ID NOs 123 and 124) on a 26/60 Superdex 200 column. (B): SDS-Page analysis of main peak fraction originating from size-exclusion chromatography (NR=non-reducing, R=reducing conditions).

FIGS. 3A-B: Purification of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab bispecific antibodies in a 2+2 IgG-scFv format. (A): Size-exclusion purification of TvAb16 (SEQ ID NOs 127 and 128) on a 26/60 Superdex 200 column. (B): SDS-Page analysis of main peak fraction originating from size-exclusion chromatography (NR=non-reducing, R=reducing conditions).

FIGS. 4A-B: Purification of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab bispecific antibodies in a 2+2 IgG-scFv format. (A): Size-exclusion purification of TvAb20 (SEQ ID NOs 131 and 132) on a 26/60 Superdex 200 column. Main product peak marked with “1”. (B) SDS-Page analysis of main peak fraction originating from size-exclusion chromatography (NR=non-reducing, R=reducing conditions).

FIGS. 5A-B: Off-rates of Trastuzumab variants as determined by SPR method (ProteOn instrument) after incubating the samples for 1, 2, or 3 months at 40° in buffer 40 mM Histidin, 150 mM NaCl, pH5.0. The off rates of the variant does not change over the investigated time period. “602”: D98E mutation in heavy chain and T31V mutation in light chain.

FIGS. 6A-C: Off-rates of Trastuzumab variants as determined by SPR method (ProteOn instrument) after incubating the samples for 1, 2, or 3 months at 40° C. in 40 mM Histidin, 150 mM NaCl, at different pH. The off rates of the N30S variant were very slow, and therefore contain a high degree of uncertainty. “602”: D98E mutation in heavy chain and T31V mutation in light chain, “N30T”: D98E mutation in heavy chain and N30T mutation in light chain, “N30S”: D98E mutation in heavy chain and N30S mutation in light chain. (A): pH5.0. (B): pH6.0, (C): pH7.4.

FIGS. 7A-L: Binding of Trastuzumab and Trastuzumab stabilization variants after stress to KPL-4 cells. Trastuzumab and 3 different stabilized Trastuzumab variants were incubated for one, two and three month in buffer with different pH values at 40° C. The stressed antibodies were tested compared to the antibody at time point zero for binding to KPL-4 cells by flow cytometry. “602”: D98E mutation in heavy chain and T31V mutation in light chain, “N30T”: D98E mutation in heavy chain and N30T mutation in light chain, “N30S”: D98E mutation in heavy chain and N30S mutation in light chain.

FIGS. 8A-F: Binding of Trastuzumab and Trastuzumab stabilization variants after stress to KPL-4 cells. Trastuzumab and the 2 stabilization variants GA602 (D98E mutation in heavy chain and T31V mutation in light chain) and GA603 (D98E mutation in heavy chain and T31V mutation in light chain and FcRN mutation T307Q und N434A) were incubated for one, two and three month in buffer 1 (40 mM Histidin 150 mM NaCl, pH5.0) or buffer 2 (2. 40 mM Histidin 150 mM NaCl, pH6.0) at 40° C. The stressed antibodies were tested compared to the antibody at time point zero for binding to KPL-4 cells by flow cytometry.

FIGS. 9A-F: ADCC induction with Trastuzumab, GA602 and GA603 after stress on KPL-4 cells. Trastuzumab and the 2 stabilization variants GA602 (D98E mutation in heavy chain and T31V mutation in light chain) and GA603 (D98E mutation in heavy chain and T31V mutation in light chain and FcRN mutation T307Q und N434A) were incubated for one, two and three month in buffer 1 (40 mM Histidin 150 mM NaCl, pH 5.0) or buffer 2 (2. 40 mM Histidin 150 mM NaCl, pH6.0) at 40° C. The stressed antibodies were tested compared to the antibody at time point zero for ADCC induction after 4 h on KPL-4 cells.

FIGS. 10A-B: Schematic drawing of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab bispecific antibodies in a 1+1 format. (A): single chain Fab (scFab) based molecules (B): cross-over Fab (xFab) based molecules.

FIGS. 11A-B: Purification of CrossMab-XPer (SEQ ID NOs 109, 110, 96, 86). (A): SDS-PAGE showing the purified antibody molecule under reduced and non-reduced conditions. (B): HP-SEC analysis of purified CrossMab-XPer.

FIGS. 12A-B: Q-TOF mass spectrometry comparison of the spectra of CrossMab-XTra (top, SEQ ID NOs 119, 120, 121,122) and CrossMab-CDRG (bottom, SEQ ID NOs 109, 110, 111, 112) estimating the integrity and purity of the antibody molecules.

FIGS. 13A-B: Proliferation inhibition by non-glycoengineered HER2 CrossMab (SEQ ID NOs 119, 120, 121,122) after 5 days of incubation as measured in an AlamarBlue® assay. (A) BT474 cells (B) N87 cells.

FIGS. 14A-C: ADCC induced by different HER2 specific antibodies using (A) KPL-4, (B) T47D and (C) Calu-3 as target cells (E:T=25:1, effectors human PBMCs, incubation time 4 h). “HER2 crossmab wt”: SEQ ID NOs 119, 120, 121,122, non glycoengineered; “HER2 crossmab g2”: SEQ ID NOs 119, 120, 121,122, glycoengineered.

FIGS. 15A-C: Antitumor activity of different anti-Her2 antibodies in the Calu3 non-small cell lung cancer xenograft (Experiment: BispecHer2_PZ_Calu3_001). SCID beige mice with Calu3 xenograft tumors were treated i.p. once weekly at the indicated dosages for 7 weeks. Xolair a humanized IgG1 antibody targeting human IgE was used as a control. Statistical analysis based on medians at endpoint (day 85) reveals that compared to Xolair the bispecific HER2 antibodies suppressed tumor growth by 87.5% (s.); OmniE (SEQ ID NOs 145, 146) by 43.7% (n.s.); Crossmab 003 (SEQ ID NOs 119, 120, 121, 122, non glycoengineered) by 92.1% (s.); TvAb12 (SEQ ID NOs 123 and 124) by 59.8% (n.s.) and TvAb20 (SEQ ID NOs 131 and 132) by 12.6% (n.s.). Tumor growth curves are depicted as mean+/−SEM (n=8 in each group).

FIGS. 16A-C: Antitumor activity of different anti-Her2 antibodies in the KPL-4 breast cancer xenograft (Experiment: Bispec.Her2_PZ_KPL-4_002). SCID beige mice with KPL-4 xenograft tumors were treated i.p. once weekly at the indicated dosages for 5 weeks. Xolair a humanized IgG1 antibody targeting human IgE was used as a control. Statistical analysis based on medians at endpoint (day 59) reveals that compared to Xolair the bispecific HER2 antibodies suppressed tumor growth by 120.8% (s.); Crossmab 003 (SEQ ID NOs 119, 120, 121,122, non glycoengineered) by 120.6% (s.); TvAb12 (SEQ ID NOs 123 and 124) by 70.1% (s.); TvAb20 (SEQ ID NOs 131 and 132) by 83.4% (s.). OmniE (SEQ ID NOs 145, 146) had no significant effect on tumor growth. Tumor growth curves are depicted as mean+/−SEM (n=9 in each group).

FIGS. 17A-C: Antitumor activity of anti-Her2_005 crossmab antibody (SEQ ID NOs 119, 120, 121,122, non glycoengineered) in the KPL-4 breast cancer xenograft (Experiment: Bispec.Her2_PZ_KPL-4_003). SCID beige mice with KPL-4 xenograft tumors were treated i.p. once weekly with escalating dosages of the crossmab ranging from 1 to 20 mg/kg for 5 weeks. Xolair a humanized IgG1 antibody targeting human IgE was used as a control. Statistical analysis based on medians at endpoint (day 70) reveals that compared to Xolair the bispecific HER2 antibodies suppressed tumor growth by 121.8% (s.); The Her2 crossmab 005 suppressed tumor growth at a dosage of 1 mg/kg by 25.1% (n.s.); at 5 mg/kg by 112.3% (s.); at 10 mg/kg by 109.5% (s.) and by 20 mg/kg by 121.8% (s.). Tumor growth curves are depicted as mean+/−SEM (n=10 in each group).

FIGS. 18A-C: Antitumor activity of different anti-Her2 antibodies in the KPL-4 breast cancer xenograft (Experiment: Bispec.Her2_PZ_KPL-4_009). SCID beige mice with KPL-4 xenograft tumors were treated i.p. once weekly with the different compounds for 4 weeks. Xolair a humanized IgG1 antibody targeting human IgE was used as a control. Statistical analysis based on medians at endpoint (day 70) reveals that compared to Xolair the bispecific HER2 antibodies (each dosed at 5 mg/kg) suppressed tumor growth by 83.2% (s.) and both given at a dosage of 10 mg/kg each by 109.5% (s.). TvAb 16 (SEQ ID NOs 127 and 128) given at two different dosages (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) had no significant anti-tumoral effect. TvAb20 (SEQ ID NOs 131 and 132), at a dosage of 5 mg/kg, suppressed tumor growth by 75.3% (s.) and at a dosage of 10 mg/kg by 59.8% (n.s.). Tumor growth curves are depicted as mean+/−SEM (n=10 in each group).

FIGS. 19A-F: SPR analysis of initial Pertuzumab/Trastuzumab hybrid light chains. SPR-based kinetic analyses of Pertuzumab, Trastuzumab, and sequence combinations with the initial Pertuzumab hybrid LCs harboring amino acid residues of the Trastuzumab LCDR3 region. Smooth lines represent a global fit of the data to a 1:1 interaction model. PertuzumabTrasL3: SEQ ID No: 26, PertuzumabTras Y91H: SEQ ID No: 28.

FIGS. 20A-B: SPR analysis of the Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab HCs in combination with the newly identified common light chain Pertuzumab (Tras.L3)(QM), SEQ ID No: 54. Shown is the binding of both antibodies to Her2 at different concentrations. Smooth lines represent a global fit of the data to a 1:1 interaction model.

FIGS. 21A-F: Characterization of the affinity-matured Pertuzumab clones identified by phage display. SPR analysis of the identified affinity-matured clones. Shown is the binding of bacterial Fabs to Her2 at different concentrations. Smooth lines represent a global fit of the data to a 1:1 interaction model. B2: SEQ ID No: 66, D1: SEQ ID No: 62, E1: SEQ ID No: 68, C8: SEQ ID No: 72, G2: SEQ ID No: 70, A1: SEQ ID No: 74.

FIG. 22: Schematic drawing of the bi-specific HER2 antibodies with a common light chain.

FIGS. 23A-F: Purification and analytical characterization of the bi-specific HER2 antibodies with a common light chain. The purification method involved an affinity step (protein A) followed by size exclusion chromatography (Superdex 200, GE Healthcare). The final product was analyzed and characterized by analytical size exclusion chromatography (Superdex 200 column). (A)(B): comprising D1der (SEQ ID NO: 64), (C)(D): comprising G2 (SEQ ID NO: 70), (E)(F): comprising E1 (SEQ ID NO: 68).

FIGS. 24A-D: SPR analysis of the Her2 knock-out variants. Shown are the sensograms of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab binding to both knock-out variants. Smooth lines represent a global fit of the data to a 1:1 interaction model.

FIG. 25: Binding of bi-specific HER2 antibodies with a common light chain clone variants to KPL-4 cells. KPL-4 cells were stained with increasing concentrations of the indicated antibodies. The antibodies were detected with a FITC labeled anti-human secondary and the fluorescence was determined by flow cytometry. “Herceptarg CLC D1-der”: SEQ ID NOs 64, 54, 92, “Herceptarg CLC G2/2”: SEQ ID NOs 70, 54, 92, “Herceptarg CLC E1/1”: SEQ ID NOs 68, 54, 92; “GA 604”: SEQ ID NOs 109, 110, 111, 112.

FIGS. 26A-F: Proliferation inhibition of BT474, N87, and SkBr3 cells with bi-specific HER2 antibodies with common light chain clone variants. BT474 (A)(B), N87 (C)(D), and SkBr3 (E)(F)cells were treated with the three different Herceptarg variants. As controls Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab and the combination of both were included. After 5 days, proliferation inhibition was determined with CellTiter Glo. “Herceptarg CLC D1-der”: SEQ ID NOs 64, 54, 92, “Herceptarg CLC G2/2”: SEQ ID NOs 70, 54, 92, “Herceptarg CLC E1/1”: SEQ ID NOs 68, 54, 92; “GA 604”: SEQ ID NOs 109, 110, 111, 112.

FIGS. 27A-D: Killing of KPL-4 cells and MDA-MB 231 with bi-specific HER2 antibodies with common light chain variants. (A)(B), Antibody dependent killing of KPL-4 cells with PBMCs (E:T 25:1) or was determined by measuring LDH release after 4 h. (C)(D) Antibody dependent killing of MDA-MB 231 cells with PBMCs (E:T 5:1) was determined by measuring LDH release after 24 h. “Herceptarg CLC D1-der”: SEQ ID NOs 64, 54, 92, “Herceptarg CLC G2/2”: SEQ ID NOs 70, 54, 92, “Herceptarg CLC E1/1”: SEQ ID NOs 68, 54, 92; “GA 604”: SEQ ID NOs 109, 110, 111, 112.

FIG. 28: Proliferation inhibition of BT474 cells with bi-specific HER2 antibodies with common light chain clone variants. BT474 cells were treated with the different Herceptarg variants. As controls Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab and the combination of both were included. After 6 days, proliferation inhibition was determined with CellTiter Glo. “Herceptarg CLC D1-der wt”: SEQ ID NOs 64, 54, 92, Herceptarg CLC D1-der G2″: SEQ ID NOs 64, 54, 92 (glycoengineered variant) “Herceptarg CrossMab”: SEQ ID NOs 109, 110, 111, 112.

FIG. 29: C1q binding of Her2 antibodies on BT-474 cells. BT474 cells were incubated with the three Herceptarg variants. As controls Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab and the combination of both were included. “Herceptarg CLC D1-der wt”: SEQ ID NOs 64, 54, 92, Herceptarg CLC D1-der G2″: SEQ ID NOs 64, 54, 92 (glycoengineered variant) “Herceptarg CrossMab”: SEQ ID NOs 109,110,111,112.

FIG. 30: CDC activation on BT-474 cells (LDH release). BT474 cells were incubated with the three Herceptarg variants. As controls Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab and the combination of both were included. “Herceptarg CLC D1-der wt”: SEQ ID NOs 64, 54, 92, Herceptarg CLC D1-der G2″: SEQ ID NOs 64, 54, 92 (glycoengineered variant) “Herceptarg CrossMab”: SEQ ID NOs 109, 110, 111, 112.

FIGS. 31A-B: CDC mediated killing of BT-474 cells (ACEA). BT474 cells were incubated with the three Herceptarg variants. As controls Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab and the combination of both were included. “Herceptarg CLC D1-der wt”: SEQ ID NOs 64, 54, 92, Herceptarg CLC D1-der G2″: SEQ ID NOs 64, 54, 92 (glycoengineered variant) “Herceptarg CrossMab”: SEQ ID NOs 109, 110, 111, 112.

FIG. 32: In vivo activity of bispecific antibodies. Tumor volume in mouse xenograft models after treatment with different Her2 bispecific molecules (10 mg/kg) was compared to treatment with Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab and the combination of both. “Herceptarg”: SEQ ID NOs 64, 54, 92. “Control”: Xolair, a non Her2 binding antibody.

FIG. 33: FACS binding of trispecific antibodies specific for HER2 and transferrin receptor to HER2+BT474.M1 cells. “Herceptarg-8D3” (SEQ ID NOs.: 165, 163, 161) and “Herceptarg (LALA)-8D3” (SEQ ID NOs.: 168, 169, 161) are trispecific, trivalent antibodies specific for extracellular domains II and IV of HER2 and the transferrin receptor. Positive control: “Herceptarg-LALA” (SEQ ID NOs: 170, 169, 161) and “Herceptarg” (SEQ ID NOs.: 171, 163, 161) are bispecific, bivalent antibodies specific for extracellular domains II and IV of HER2. Negative control “pTAU-8D3” is a bispecific antibody specific for the transferrin receptor and pTau (SEQ ID. NOs: 210, 211, 212).

FIG. 34: FACS binding of trispecific antibodies specific for HER2 and transferrin receptor to Transferrin receptor expressing (TfR+) BAF3 cells. “Herceptarg-8D3” (SEQ ID NOs.: 165, 163, 161) and “Herceptarg (LALA)-8D3” (SEQ ID NOs.: 168, 169, 161) are trispecific, trivalent antibodies specific for extracellular domains II and IV of HER2 and the transferrin receptor. Positive control: “Herceptarg-LALA” (SEQ ID NOs: 170, 169, 161) and “Herceptarg” (SEQ ID NOs.: 171, 163, 161) are bispecific, bivalent antibodies specific for extracellular domains II and IV of HER2. Positive control “pTAU-8D3” is a bispecific antibody specific for the transferrin receptor and pTau (SEQ ID. NOs: 210, 211, 212).

FIG. 35: Proliferation inhibition assay of trispecific antibodies specific for HER2 and transferrin receptor. Herceptarg-8D3″ (SEQ ID NOs.: 165, 163, 161) and “Herceptarg (LALA)-8D3” (SEQ ID NOs.: 168, 169, 161) are trispecific, trivalent antibodies specific for extracellular domains II and IV of HER2 and the transferrin receptor. Positive control: “Herceptarg-LALA” (SEQ ID NOs: 170, 169, 161) and “Herceptarg” (SEQ ID NOs.: 171, 163, 161) are bispecific, bivalent antibodies specific for extracellular domains II and IV of HER2. Negative control “pTAU-8D3” is a bispecific antibody specific for the transferrin receptor and pTau (SEQ ID. NOs: 210, 211, 212).

FIG. 36: Herceptarg(LALA)+/−scFab(8D3) penetration from vascular border into tumor tissue. Mean antibody signal in tumor tissue as a function of distance from the nearest tumor vessel shows that the brain shuttle (BS) increases penetration of Herceptarg into the brain tumor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION I. Definitions

Throughout the disclosure, the terms “ErbB2”, “ErbB2 receptor”, “c-Erb-B2”, and “HER2” are used interchangeably, and, unless otherwise indicated, refer to a native sequence ErbB2 human polypeptide, or a functional derivative thereof. “ber2”, “erbB2” and “c-erb-B2” refer to the corresponding human gene.

Herein, “HER2 extracellular domain” or “HER2 ECD” refers to a domain of HER2 that is outside of a cell, either anchored to a cell membrane, or in circulation, including fragments thereof. The amino acid sequence of HER2 is shown in FIG. 1 of WO2013055874. In one embodiment, the extracellular domain of HER2 may comprise four domains: “Domain I” (amino acid residues from about 1-195; SEQ ID NO: 1 of WO2013055874), “Domain H” (amino acid residues from about 196-319; SEQ ID NO:2 of WO2013055874), “Domain III” (amino acid residues from about 320-488: SEQ ID NO:3 of WO2013055874), and “Domain IV” (amino acid residues from about 489-630; SEQ ID NO:4 of WO2013055874) (residue numbering without signal peptide). See Garrett et al. Mol. Cell. 11: 495-505 (2003), Cho et al. Nature All: 756-760 (2003), Franklin et al. Cancer Cell 5:317-328 (2004), and Plowman et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 90:1746-1750 (1993), as well as FIG. 6 in WO2013055874.

“Antigen binding site specific for extracellular domain II of HER2” refers to the epitope of Pertuzumab (which is also known as recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody 2C4 (rhuMAb 2C4)), also depicted as “epitope 2C4”. The “epitope 2C4” is the region in the extracellular domain of HER2 to which the murine antibody 2C4 and Pertuzumab bind (see e.g. WO2013055874). In order to screen for antibodies which bind essentially to the 2C4 epitope, a routine cross-blocking assay such as that described in Antibodies, A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Ed Harlow and David Lane (1988), can be performed. Preferably the antibody blocks 2C4's binding to HER2 by about 50% or more. Alternatively, epitope mapping can be performed to assess whether the antibody binds essentially to the 2C4 epitope of HER2. Epitope 2C4 comprises residues from Domain II (SEQ ID NO: 2 of WO2013055874) in the extracellular domain of HER2. 2C4 and Pertuzumab binds to the extracellular domain of HER2 at the junction of domains I, II and III (SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, and 3 of WO2013055874, respectively). Franklin et al. Cancer Cell 5:317-328 (2004).

“Antigen binding site specific for extracellular domain IV of HER2” refers to the epitope of Trastuzumab, also depicted as “epitope 4D5”. The “epitope 4D5” is the region in the extracellular domain of HER2 to which the antibody 4D5 (ATCC CRL 10463) and Trastuzumab bind. This epitope is close to the transmembrane domain of HER2, and within Domain IV of HER2 (SEQ ID NO: 4 of WO2013055874). To screen for antibodies which bind essentially to the 4D5 epitope, a routine cross-blocking assay such as that described in Antibodies, A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Ed Harlow and David Lane (1988), can be performed. Alternatively, epitope mapping can be performed to assess whether the antibody binds essentially to the 4D5 epitope of HER2 {e.g. any one or more residues in the region from about residue 529 to about residue 625, inclusive of the HER2 ECD, residue numbering including signal peptide).

The “blood-brain barrier” or “BBB” refers to the physiological barrier between the peripheral circulation and the brain and spinal cord which is formed by tight junctions within the brain capillary endothelial plasma membranes, creating a tight barrier that restricts the transport of molecules into the brain, even very small molecules such as urea (60 Daltons). The BBB within the brain, the blood-spinal cord barrier within the spinal cord, and the blood-retinal barrier within the retina are contiguous capillary barriers within the CNS, and are herein collectively referred to an the blood-brain barrier or BBB. The BBB also encompasses the blood-CSF barrier (choroid plexus) where the barrier is comprised of ependymal cells rather than capillary endothelial cells.

The term “blood brain barrier receptor” or “BBB-R” refers to an extracellular membrane-linked receptor protein expressed on brain endothelial cells which is capable of transporting molecules across the BBB and can be used to transport exogenous administrated molecules. Examples of BBB-R herein include: transferrin receptor (TfR), insulin receptor, insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-R), low density lipoprotein receptors including without limitation low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) and low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8), and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF). In one specific embodiment the BBB-R is a transferrin receptor, preferably a human transferrin receptor and/or a cynomolgous monkey transferrin receptor. The term “transferrin receptor” or “TfR” refers to a transmembrane glycoprotein (with a molecular weight of about 180,000) composed of two disulphide-bonded sub-units (each of apparent molecular weight of about 90,000) involved in iron uptake in vertebrates. In one embodiment, the TfR herein is human TfR comprising the amino acid sequence as in Schneider et al. Nature 311: 675-678 (1984). The TfR mediates receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT)

An “acceptor human framework” for the purposes herein is a framework comprising the amino acid sequence of a light chain variable domain (VL) framework or a heavy chain variable domain (VH) framework derived from a human immunoglobulin framework or a human consensus framework, as defined below. An acceptor human framework “derived from” a human immunoglobulin framework or a human consensus framework may comprise the same amino acid sequence thereof, or it may contain amino acid sequence changes. In some embodiments, the number of amino acid changes are 10 or less, 9 or less, 8 or less, 7 or less, 6 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, or 2 or less. In some embodiments, the VL acceptor human framework is identical in sequence to the VL human immunoglobulin framework sequence or human consensus framework sequence.

“Affinity” refers to the strength of the sum total of noncovalent interactions between a single binding site of a molecule (e.g., an antibody) and its binding partner (e.g., an antigen). Unless indicated otherwise, as used herein, “binding affinity” refers to intrinsic binding affinity which reflects a 1:1 interaction between members of a binding pair (e.g., antibody and antigen). The affinity of a molecule X for its partner Y can generally be represented by the dissociation constant (Kd). Affinity can be measured by common methods known in the art, including those described herein. Specific illustrative and exemplary embodiments for measuring binding affinity are described in the following.

An “affinity matured” antibody refers to an antibody with one or more alterations in one or more hypervariable regions (HVRs), compared to a parent antibody which does not possess such alterations, such alterations resulting in an improvement in the affinity of the antibody for antigen.

An “affinity reduced” antibody refers to an antibody with one or more alterations in one or more hypervariable regions (HVRs), compared to a parent antibody which does not possess such alterations, such alterations resulting in a reduction in the affinity of the antibody for antigen. Reduced affinity is advantageous for the exposure of the trispecific antibody specifically binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R) in the brain.

The terms “a bispecific HER2 antibody” and “a bispecific antibody that specifically binds to HER2” are used interchangeably and refer to a bispecific antibody that is capable of binding HER2 on both extracellular domains II and IV, respectively, with sufficient affinity such that the antibody is useful as a diagnostic and/or therapeutic agent in targeting cells expressing HER2. In one embodiment, the extent of binding of a bispecific antibody that specifically binds to HER2 on both extracellular domains II and IV to an unrelated, non-HER2 protein is less than about 10% of the binding of the antibody to HER2 as measured, e.g., by a Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based assays (e.g. Biacore) or flow cytometry (FACS). In certain embodiments, a bispecific antibody that specifically binds to HER2 has a dissociation constant (Kd) of ≤1 μM, ≤100 nM, ≤10 nM, ≤1 nM, ≤0.1 nM, ≤0.01 nM, or ≤0.001 nM (e.g. 10⁻⁸M or less, e.g. from 10⁻⁸M to 10⁻¹³M, e.g., from 10⁻⁹M to 10⁻¹³M).

The terms “a trispecific antibody binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R)” and “a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to HER2 and BBB-R” are used interchangeably and refer to a trispecific antibody that is capable of binding HER2 on both extracellular domains II and IV and a BBB-R, respectively, with sufficient affinity such that the antibody is useful as a diagnostic and/or therapeutic agent in targeting CNS cells expressing HER2. In one embodiment, the extent of binding of a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to HER2 on both extracellular domains II and IV and a BBB-R to an unrelated, non-HER2 or non BBB-R protein is less than about 10% of the binding of the antibody to HER2 or a BBB-R as measured, e.g., by a Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based assays (e.g. Biacore) or flow cytometry (FACS). In certain embodiments, the antigen binding site specifically binding to a BBB-R of the trispecific antibody has an off-rate of 0.07 to 0.005 l/s for the BBB-R, preferably as determined by SPR.

The term “antibody” herein is used in the broadest sense and encompasses various antibody structures, including but not limited to monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies (e.g., trispecific antibodies), and antibody fragments so long as they exhibit the desired antigen-binding activity.

An “antibody fragment” refers to a molecule other than an intact antibody that comprises a portion of an intact antibody that binds the antigen to which the intact antibody binds. Examples of antibody fragments include but are not limited to Fv, Fab, Fab′, Fab′-SH, F(ab′)₂; diabodies, cross-Fab fragments; linear antibodies; single-chain antibody molecules (e.g. scFv); and multispecific antibodies formed from antibody fragments. scFv antibodies are, e.g. described in Houston, J. S., Methods in Enzymol. 203 (1991) 46-96). In addition, antibody fragments comprise single chain polypeptides having the characteristics of a VH domain, namely being able to assemble together with a VL domain, or of a VL domain, namely being able to assemble together with a VH domain to a functional antigen binding site and thereby providing the antigen binding property of full length antibodies.

As used herein, “Fab fragment” refers to an antibody fragment comprising a light chain fragment comprising a VL domain and a constant domain of a light chain (CL), and a VH domain and a first constant domain (CH1) of a heavy chain. In one embodiment the trispecific antibodies of the invention comprise at least one Fab fragment, wherein either the variable regions or the constant regions of the heavy and light chain are exchanged. Due to the exchange of either the variable regions or the constant regions, said Fab fragment is also referred to as “cross-Fab fragment” or “xFab fragment” or “crossover Fab fragment”. Two different chain compositions of a crossover Fab molecule are possible and comprised in the trispecific antibodies of the invention: On the one hand, the variable regions of the Fab heavy and light chain are exchanged, i.e. the crossover Fab molecule comprises a peptide chain composed of the light chain variable region (VL) and the heavy chain constant region (CH1), and a peptide chain composed of the heavy chain variable region (VH) and the light chain constant region (CL). This crossover Fab molecule is also referred to as CrossFab_((VLVH)). On the other hand, when the constant regions of the Fab heavy and light chain are exchanged, the crossover Fab molecule comprises a peptide chain composed of the heavy chain variable region (VH) and the light chain constant region (CL), and a peptide chain composed of the light chain variable region (VL) and the heavy chain constant region (CH1). This crossover Fab molecule is also referred to as CrossFab_((CLCH1)).

A “single chain Fab fragment” or “scFab” is a polypeptide consisting of an antibody heavy chain variable domain (VH), an antibody constant domain 1 (CH1), an antibody light chain variable domain (VL), an antibody light chain constant domain (CL) and a linker, wherein said antibody domains and said linker have one of the following orders in N-terminal to C-terminal direction: a) VH-CH1-linker-VL-CL, b) VL-CL-linker-VH-CH1, c) VH-CL-linker-VL-CH1 or d) VL-CH1-linker-VH-CL; and wherein said linker is a polypeptide of at least 30 amino acids, preferably between 32 and 50 amino acids. Said single chain Fab fragments a) VH-CH1-linker-VL-CL, b) VL-CL-linker-VH-CH1, c) VH-CL-linker-VL-CH1 and d) VL-CH1-linker-VH-CL, are stabilized via the natural disulfide bond between the CL domain and the CH1 domain. In addition, these single chain Fab molecules might be further stabilized by generation of interchain disulfide bonds via insertion of cysteine residues (e.g. position 44 in the variable heavy chain and position 100 in the variable light chain according to Kabat numbering). The term “N-terminus denotes the last amino acid of the N-terminus. The term “C-terminus denotes the last amino acid of the C-terminus.

By “fused” or “connected” is meant that the components (e.g. a Fab molecule and an Fc domain subunit) are linked by peptide bonds, either directly or via one or more peptide linkers.

The term “linker” as used herein refers to a peptide linker and is preferably a peptide with an amino acid sequence with a length of at least 5 amino acids, preferably with a length of 5 to 100, more preferably of 10 to 50 amino acids. In one embodiment said peptide linker is (G×S)n or (G×S)nGm with G=glycine, S=serine, and (x=3, n=3, 4, 5 or 6, and m=0, 1, 2 or 3) or (x=4, n=2, 3, 4 or 5 and m=0, 1, 2 or 3), preferably x=4 and n=2 or 3, more preferably with x=4, n=2. In one embodiment said peptide linker is (G₄S)₂.

The term “immunoglobulin molecule” refers to a protein having the structure of a naturally occurring antibody. For example, immunoglobulins of the IgG class are heterotetrameric glycoproteins of about 150,000 daltons, composed of two light chains and two heavy chains that are disulfide-bonded. From N- to C-terminus, each heavy chain has a variable region (VH), also called a variable heavy domain or a heavy chain variable domain, followed by three constant domains (CHL CH2, and CH3), also called a heavy chain constant region. Similarly, from N- to C-terminus, each light chain has a variable region (VL), also called a variable light domain or a light chain variable domain, followed by a constant light (CL) domain, also called a light chain constant region. The heavy chain of an immunoglobulin may be assigned to one of five types, called α (IgA), δ (IgD), ε (IgE), γ (IgG), or μ (IgM), some of which may be further divided into subtypes, e.g. γ₁ (IgG₁), γ₂ (IgG₂), γ₃ (IgG₃), γ₄ (IgG₄), α₁ (IgA₁) and α₂ (IgA₂). The light chain of an immunoglobulin may be assigned to one of two types, called kappa (κ) and lambda (λ), based on the amino acid sequence of its constant domain. An immunoglobulin essentially consists of two Fab molecules and an Fc domain, linked via the immunoglobulin hinge region.

An “antibody that binds to the same epitope” as a reference antibody refers to an antibody that blocks binding of the reference antibody to its antigen in a competition assay by 50% or more, and conversely, the reference antibody blocks binding of the antibody to its antigen in a competition assay by 50% or more. An exemplary competition assay is provided herein.

The term “antigen binding domain” refers to the part of an antigen binding molecule that comprises the area which specifically binds to and is complementary to part or all of an antigen. Where an antigen is large, an antigen binding molecule may only bind to a particular part of the antigen, which part is termed an epitope. An antigen binding domain may be provided by, for example, one or more antibody variable domains (also called antibody variable regions). Preferably, an antigen binding domain comprises an antibody light chain variable region (VL) and an antibody heavy chain variable region (VH).

The term “chimeric” antibody refers to an antibody in which a portion of the heavy and/or light chain is derived from a particular source or species, while the remainder of the heavy and/or light chain is derived from a different source or species, usually prepared by recombinant DNA techniques. Chimeric antibodies comprising a rabbit variable region and a human constant region are preferred. Other preferred forms of “chimeric antibodies” encompassed by the present invention are those in which the constant region has been modified or changed from that of the original antibody to generate the properties according to the invention, especially in regard to C1q binding and/or Fc receptor (FcR) binding. Such chimeric antibodies are also referred to as “class-switched antibodies”. Chimeric antibodies are the product of expressed immunoglobulin genes comprising DNA segments encoding immunoglobulin variable regions and DNA segments encoding immunoglobulin constant regions. Methods for producing chimeric antibodies involve conventional recombinant DNA and gene transfection techniques are well known in the art. See e.g. Morrison, S. L., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81 (1984) 6851-6855; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,202,238 and 5,204,244.

The term “cytotoxic agent” as used herein refers to a substance that inhibits or prevents a cellular function and/or causes cell death or destruction. Cytotoxic agents include, but are not limited to, radioactive isotopes (e.g., At²¹¹, I¹³¹, I¹²⁵, Y⁹⁰, Re¹⁸⁶, Re¹⁸⁸, Sm¹⁵³, Bi²¹², P³², Pb²¹² and radioactive isotopes of Lu); chemotherapeutic agents or drugs (e.g., methotrexate, adriamicin, vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine, etoposide), doxorubicin, melphalan, mitomycin C, chlorambucil, daunorubicin or other intercalating agents); growth inhibitory agents; enzymes and fragments thereof such as nucleolytic enzymes; antibiotics; toxins such as small molecule toxins or enzymatically active toxins of bacterial, fungal, plant or animal origin, including fragments and/or variants thereof; and the various antitumor or anticancer agents disclosed below.

“Effector functions” refer to those biological activities attributable to the Fc region of an antibody, which vary with the antibody isotype. Examples of antibody effector functions include: C1q binding and complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC); Fc receptor binding; antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC); antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), cytokine secretion, immune complex-mediated antigen uptake by antigen presenting cells; down regulation of cell surface receptors (e.g. B cell receptor); and B cell activation.

As used herein, the terms “engineer, engineered, engineering”, are considered to include any manipulation of the peptide backbone or the post-translational modifications of a naturally occurring or recombinant polypeptide or fragment thereof. Engineering includes modifications of the amino acid sequence, of the glycosylation pattern, or of the side chain group of individual amino acids, as well as combinations of these approaches.

The term “amino acid mutation” as used herein is meant to encompass amino acid substitutions, deletions, insertions, and modifications. Any combination of substitution, deletion, insertion, and modification can be made to arrive at the final construct, provided that the final construct possesses the desired characteristics, e.g., reduced binding to an Fc receptor, or increased association with another peptide. Amino acid sequence deletions and insertions include amino- and/or carboxy-terminal deletions and insertions of amino acids. Particular amino acid mutations are amino acid substitutions. For the purpose of altering e.g. the binding characteristics of an Fc region, non-conservative amino acid substitutions, i.e. replacing one amino acid with another amino acid having different structural and/or chemical properties, are particularly preferred. Amino acid substitutions include replacement by non-naturally occurring amino acids or by naturally occurring amino acid derivatives of the twenty standard amino acids (e.g. 4-hydroxyproline, 3-methylhistidine, ornithine, homoserine, 5-hydroxylysine). Amino acid mutations can be generated using genetic or chemical methods well known in the art. Genetic methods may include site-directed mutagenesis, PCR, gene synthesis and the like. It is contemplated that methods of altering the side chain group of an amino acid by methods other than genetic engineering, such as chemical modification, may also be useful. Various designations may be used herein to indicate the same amino acid mutation. For example, a substitution from proline at position 329 of the Fc domain to glycine can be indicated as 329G, G329, G₃₂₉, P329G, or Pro329Gly.

An “effective amount” of an agent, e.g., a pharmaceutical formulation, refers to an amount effective, at dosages and for periods of time necessary, to achieve the desired therapeutic or prophylactic result.

The term “Fc domain” or “Fc region” herein is used to define a C-terminal region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain that contains at least a portion of the constant region. The term includes native sequence Fc regions and variant Fc regions. Although the boundaries of the Fc region of an IgG heavy chain might vary slightly, the human IgG heavy chain Fc region is usually defined to extend from Cys226, or from Pro230, to the carboxyl-terminus of the heavy chain. However, the C-terminal lysine (Lys447) of the Fc region may or may not be present. Unless otherwise specified herein, numbering of amino acid residues in the Fc region or constant region is according to the EU numbering system, also called the EU index, as described in Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., 1991. A “subunit” of an Fc domain as used herein refers to one of the two polypeptides forming the dimeric Fc domain, i.e. a polypeptide comprising C-terminal constant regions of an immunoglobulin heavy chain, capable of stable self-association. For example, a subunit of an IgG Fc domain comprises an IgG CH2 (“first subunit”) and an IgG CH3 (“second subunit”) constant domain.

A “modification promoting the association of the first and the second subunit of the Fc domain” is a manipulation of the peptide backbone or the post-translational modifications of an Fc domain subunit that reduces or prevents the association of a polypeptide comprising the Fc domain subunit with an identical polypeptide to form a homodimer. A modification promoting association as used herein particularly includes separate modifications made to each of the two Fc domain subunits desired to associate (i.e. the first and the second subunit of the Fc domain), wherein the modifications are complementary to each other so as to promote association of the two Fc domain subunits. For example, a modification promoting association may alter the structure or charge of one or both of the Fc domain subunits so as to make their association sterically or electrostatically favorable, respectively. Thus, (hetero)dimerization occurs between a polypeptide comprising the first Fc domain subunit and a polypeptide comprising the second Fc domain subunit, which might be non-identical in the sense that further components fused to each of the subunits (e.g. antigen binding moieties) are not the same. In some embodiments the modification promoting association comprises an amino acid mutation in the Fc domain, specifically an amino acid substitution. In a particular embodiment, the modification promoting association comprises a separate amino acid mutation, specifically an amino acid substitution, in each of the two subunits of the Fc domain.

“Framework” or “FR” refers to variable domain residues other than hypervariable region (HVR) residues. The FR of a variable domain generally consists of four FR domains: FR1, FR2, FR3, and FR4. Accordingly, the HVR and FR sequences generally appear in the following sequence in VH (or VL): FR1-H1(L1)-FR2-H2(L2)-FR3-H3 (L3)-FR4.

The terms “full length antibody,” “intact antibody,” and “whole antibody” are used herein interchangeably to refer to an antibody having a structure substantially similar to a native antibody structure or having heavy chains that contain an Fc region as defined herein.

The terms “host cell,” “host cell line,” and “host cell culture” are used interchangeably and refer to cells into which exogenous nucleic acid has been introduced, including the progeny of such cells. Host cells include “transformants” and “transformed cells,” which include the primary transformed cell and progeny derived therefrom without regard to the number of passages. Progeny may not be completely identical in nucleic acid content to a parent cell, but may contain mutations. Mutant progeny that have the same function or biological activity as screened or selected for in the originally transformed cell are included herein.

A “human antibody” is one which possesses an amino acid sequence which corresponds to that of an antibody produced by a human or a human cell or derived from a non-human source that utilizes human antibody repertoires or other human antibody-encoding sequences. This definition of a human antibody specifically excludes a humanized antibody comprising non-human antigen-binding residues. As also mentioned for chimeric and humanized antibodies according to the invention the term “human antibody” as used herein also comprises such antibodies which are modified in the constant region to generate the properties according to the invention, especially in regard to C1q binding and/or FcR binding, e.g. by “class switching” i.e. change or mutation of Fc parts (e.g. from IgG1 to IgG4 and/or IgG1/IgG4 mutation.)

The term “recombinant human antibody”, as used herein, is intended to include all human antibodies that are prepared, expressed, created or isolated by recombinant means, such as antibodies isolated from a host cell such as a NS0 or CHO cell or from an animal (e.g. a mouse) that is transgenic for human immunoglobulin genes or antibodies expressed using a recombinant expression vector transfected into a host cell. Such recombinant human antibodies have variable and constant regions in a rearranged form. The recombinant human antibodies according to the invention have been subjected to in vivo somatic hypermutation. Thus, the amino acid sequences of the VH and VL regions of the recombinant antibodies are sequences that, while derived from and related to human germ line VH and VL sequences, may not naturally exist within the human antibody germ line repertoire in vivo.

A “human consensus framework” is a framework which represents the most commonly occurring amino acid residues in a selection of human immunoglobulin VL or VH framework sequences. Generally, the selection of human immunoglobulin VL or VH sequences is from a subgroup of variable domain sequences. Generally, the subgroup of sequences is a subgroup as in Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Fifth Edition, NIH Publication 91-3242, Bethesda Md. (1991), vols. 1-3. In one embodiment, for the VL, the subgroup is subgroup kappa I as in Kabat et al., supra. In one embodiment, for the VH, the subgroup is subgroup III as in Kabat et al., supra.

A “humanized” antibody refers to a chimeric antibody comprising amino acid residues from non-human HVRs and amino acid residues from human FRs. In certain embodiments, a humanized antibody will comprise substantially all of at least one, and typically two, variable domains, in which all or substantially all of the HVRs (e.g., CDRs) correspond to those of a non-human antibody, and all or substantially all of the FRs correspond to those of a human antibody. A humanized antibody optionally may comprise at least a portion of an antibody constant region derived from a human antibody. A “humanized form” of an antibody, e.g., a non-human antibody, refers to an antibody that has undergone humanization. Other forms of “humanized antibodies” encompassed by the present invention are those in which the constant region has been additionally modified or changed from that of the original antibody to generate the properties according to the invention, especially in regard to C1q binding and/or Fc receptor (FcR) binding.

The term “hypervariable region” or “HVR,” as used herein refers to each of the regions of an antibody variable domain which are hypervariable in sequence and/or form structurally defined loops (“hypervariable loops”). Generally, native four-chain antibodies comprise six HVRs; three in the VH (H1, H2, H3), and three in the VL (L1, L2, L3). HVRs generally comprise amino acid residues from the hypervariable loops and/or from the “complementarity determining regions” (CDRs), the latter being of highest sequence variability and/or involved in antigen recognition. Exemplary hypervariable loops occur at amino acid residues 26-32 (L1), 50-52 (L2), 91-96 (L3), 26-32 (H1), 53-55 (H2), and 96-101 (H3). (Chothia and Lesk, J. Mol. Biol. 196:901-917 (1987).) Exemplary CDRs (CDR-L1, CDR-L2, CDR-L3, CDR-H1, CDR-H2, and CDR-H3) occur at amino acid residues 24-34 of L1, 50-56 of L2, 89-97 of L3, 31-35B of H1, 50-65 of H2, and 95-102 of H3. (Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. (1991).) Hypervariable regions (HVRs) are also referred to as complementarity determining regions (CDRs), and these terms are used herein interchangeably in reference to portions of the variable region that form the antigen binding regions. This particular region has been described by Kabat et al., U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, “Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest” (1983) and by Chothia et al., J. Mol. Biol. 196:901-917 (1987), where the definitions include overlapping or subsets of amino acid residues when compared against each other. Nevertheless, application of either definition to refer to a CDR of an antibody or variants thereof is intended to be within the scope of the term as defined and used herein. The appropriate amino acid residues which encompass the CDRs as defined by each of the above cited references are set forth below in Table A as a comparison. The exact residue numbers which encompass a particular CDR will vary depending on the sequence and size of the CDR. Those skilled in the art can routinely determine which residues comprise a particular CDR given the variable region amino acid sequence of the antibody.

TABLE A CDR Definitions¹ CDR Kabat Chothia AbM² V_(H) CDR1 31-35 26-32 26-35 V_(H) CDR2 50-65 52-58 50-58 V_(H) CDR3  95-102  95-102  95-102 V_(L) CDR1 24-34 26-32 24-34 V_(L) CDR2 50-56 50-52 50-56 V_(L) CDR3 89-97 91-96 89-97 ¹Numbering of all CDR definitions in Table A is according to the numbering conventions set forth by Kabat et al. (see below). ²“AbM” with a lowercase “b” as used in Table A refers to the CDRs as defined by Oxford Molecular's “AbM” antibody modeling software.

Kabat et al. also defined a numbering system for variable region sequences that is applicable to any antibody. One of ordinary skill in the art can unambiguously assign this system of “Kabat numbering” to any variable region sequence, without reliance on any experimental data beyond the sequence itself. As used herein, “Kabat numbering” refers to the numbering system set forth by Kabat et al., U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, “Sequence of Proteins of Immunological Interest” (1983). Unless otherwise specified, references to the numbering of specific amino acid residue positions in an antibody variable region are according to the Kabat numbering system.

With the exception of CDR1 in VH, CDRs generally comprise the amino acid residues that form the hypervariable loops. CDRs also comprise “specificity determining residues,” or “SDRs,” which are residues that contact antigen. SDRs are contained within regions of the CDRs called abbreviated-CDRs, or a-CDRs. Exemplary a-CDRs (a-CDR-L1, a-CDR-L2, a-CDR-L3, a-CDR-H1, a-CDR-H2, and a-CDR-H3) occur at amino acid residues 31-34 of L1, 50-55 of L2, 89-96 of L3, 31-35B of H1, 50-58 of H2, and 95-102 of H3. (See Almagro and Fransson, Front. Biosci. 13:1619-1633 (2008).) Unless otherwise indicated, HVR residues and other residues in the variable domain (e.g., FR residues) are numbered herein according to Kabat et al., supra.

An “immunoconjugate” is an antibody conjugated to one or more heterologous molecule(s), including but not limited to a cytotoxic agent.

An “individual” or “subject” is a mammal. Mammals include, but are not limited to, domesticated animals (e.g., cows, sheep, cats, dogs, and horses), primates (e.g., humans and non-human primates such as monkeys), rabbits, and rodents (e.g., mice and rats). In certain embodiments, the individual or subject is a human.

An “isolated” antibody is one which has been separated from a component of its natural environment. In some embodiments, an antibody is purified to greater than 95% or 99% purity as determined by, for example, electrophoretic (e.g., SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing (IEF), capillary electrophoresis) or chromatographic (e.g., ion exchange or reverse phase HPLC). For review of methods for assessment of antibody purity, see, e.g., Flatman et al., J. Chromatogr. B 848:79-87 (2007).

An “isolated” nucleic acid refers to a nucleic acid molecule that has been separated from a component of its natural environment. An isolated nucleic acid includes a nucleic acid molecule contained in cells that ordinarily contain the nucleic acid molecule, but the nucleic acid molecule is present extrachromosomally or at a chromosomal location that is different from its natural chromosomal location.

“Isolated nucleic acid encoding a trispecific antibody that specifically binds HER2 and a BBB-R” refers to one or more nucleic acid molecules encoding antibody heavy and light chains (or fragments thereof), including such nucleic acid molecule(s) in a single vector or separate vectors, and such nucleic acid molecule(s) present at one or more locations in a host cell.

The term “monoclonal antibody” as used herein refers to an antibody obtained from a population of substantially homogeneous antibodies, i.e., the individual antibodies comprising the population are identical and/or bind the same epitope, except for possible variant antibodies, e.g., containing naturally occurring mutations or arising during production of a monoclonal antibody preparation, such variants generally being present in minor amounts. In contrast to polyclonal antibody preparations, which typically include different antibodies directed against different determinants (epitopes), each monoclonal antibody of a monoclonal antibody preparation is directed against a single determinant on an antigen. Thus, the modifier “monoclonal” indicates the character of the antibody as being obtained from a substantially homogeneous population of antibodies, and is not to be construed as requiring production of the antibody by any particular method. For example, the monoclonal antibodies to be used in accordance with the present invention may be made by a variety of techniques, including but not limited to the hybridoma method, recombinant DNA methods, phage-display methods, and methods utilizing transgenic animals containing all or part of the human immunoglobulin loci, such methods and other exemplary methods for making monoclonal antibodies being described herein.

A “naked antibody” refers to an antibody that is not conjugated to a heterologous moiety (e.g., a cytotoxic moiety) or radiolabel. The naked antibody may be present in a pharmaceutical formulation.

“Native antibodies” refer to naturally occurring immunoglobulin molecules with varying structures. For example, native IgG antibodies are heterotetrameric glycoproteins of about 150,000 daltons, composed of two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains that are disulfide-bonded. From N- to C-terminus, each heavy chain has a variable region (VH), also called a variable heavy domain or a heavy chain variable domain, followed by three constant domains (CHL CH2, and CH3). Similarly, from N- to C-terminus, each light chain has a variable region (VL), also called a variable light domain or a light chain variable domain, followed by a constant light (CL) domain. The light chain of an antibody may be assigned to one of two types, called kappa (κ) and lambda (λ), based on the amino acid sequence of its constant domain.

The term “package insert” is used to refer to instructions customarily included in commercial packages of therapeutic products, that contain information about the indications, usage, dosage, administration, combination therapy, contraindications and/or warnings concerning the use of such therapeutic products.

“No substantial cross-reactivity” means that a molecule (e.g., an antibody) does not recognize or specifically bind an antigen different from the actual target antigen of the molecule (e.g. an antigen closely related to the target antigen), particularly when compared to that target antigen. For example, an antibody may bind less than about 10% to less than about 5% to an antigen different from the actual target antigen, or may bind said antigen different from the actual target antigen at an amount consisting of less than about 10%, 9%, 8% 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.2%, or 0.1%, preferably less than about 2%, 1%, or 0.5%, and most preferably less than about 0.2% or 0.1% antigen different from the actual target antigen.

“Percent (%) amino acid sequence identity” with respect to a reference polypeptide sequence is defined as the percentage of amino acid residues in a candidate sequence that are identical with the amino acid residues in the reference polypeptide sequence, after aligning the sequences and introducing gaps, if necessary, to achieve the maximum percent sequence identity, and not considering any conservative substitutions as part of the sequence identity. Alignment for purposes of determining percent amino acid sequence identity can be achieved in various ways that are within the skill in the art, for instance, using publicly available computer software such as BLAST, BLAST-2, ALIGN or Megalign (DNASTAR) software. Those skilled in the art can determine appropriate parameters for aligning sequences, including any algorithms needed to achieve maximal alignment over the full length of the sequences being compared. For purposes herein, however, % amino acid sequence identity values are generated using the sequence comparison computer program ALIGN-2. The ALIGN-2 sequence comparison computer program was authored by Genentech, Inc., and the source code has been filed with user documentation in the U.S. Copyright Office, Washington D.C., 20559, where it is registered under U.S. Copyright Registration No. TXU510087. The ALIGN-2 program is publicly available from Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, Calif., or may be compiled from the source code. The ALIGN-2 program should be compiled for use on a UNIX operating system, including digital UNIX V4.0D. All sequence comparison parameters are set by the ALIGN-2 program and do not vary.

In situations where ALIGN-2 is employed for amino acid sequence comparisons, the % amino acid sequence identity of a given amino acid sequence A to, with, or against a given amino acid sequence B (which can alternatively be phrased as a given amino acid sequence A that has or comprises a certain % amino acid sequence identity to, with, or against a given amino acid sequence B) is calculated as follows:

100 times the fraction X/Y

where X is the number of amino acid residues scored as identical matches by the sequence alignment program ALIGN-2 in that program's alignment of A and B, and where Y is the total number of amino acid residues in B. It will be appreciated that where the length of amino acid sequence A is not equal to the length of amino acid sequence B, the % amino acid sequence identity of A to B will not equal the % amino acid sequence identity of B to A. Unless specifically stated otherwise, all % amino acid sequence identity values used herein are obtained as described in the immediately preceding paragraph using the ALIGN-2 computer program.

The term “pharmaceutical formulation” refers to a preparation which is in such form as to permit the biological activity of an active ingredient contained therein to be effective, and which contains no additional components which are unacceptably toxic to a subject to which the formulation would be administered.

A “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” refers to an ingredient in a pharmaceutical formulation, other than an active ingredient, which is nontoxic to a subject. A pharmaceutically acceptable carrier includes, but is not limited to, a buffer, excipient, stabilizer, or preservative.

As used herein, “treatment” (and grammatical variations thereof such as “treat” or “treating”) refers to clinical intervention in an attempt to alter the natural course of the individual being treated, and can be performed either for prophylaxis or during the course of clinical pathology. Desirable effects of treatment include, but are not limited to, preventing occurrence or recurrence of disease, alleviation of symptoms, diminishment of any direct or indirect pathological consequences of the disease, preventing metastasis, decreasing the rate of disease progression, amelioration or palliation of the disease state, and remission or improved prognosis. In some embodiments, antibodies of the invention are used to delay development of a disease or to slow the progression of a disease.

The terms “cancer” and “cancerous” refer to or describe the physiological condition in mammals that is typically characterized by unregulated cell growth.

A cancer cell with “HER receptor overexpression or amplification” is one which has significantly higher levels of a HER receptor protein or gene compared to a noncancerous cell of the same tissue type. Such overexpression may be caused by gene amplification or by increased transcription or translation. HER receptor overexpression or amplification may be determined in a diagnostic or prognostic assay by evaluating increased levels of the HER protein present on the surface of a cell {e.g. via an immunohistochemistry assay; IHC). Alternatively, or additionally, one may measure levels of HER-encoding nucleic acid in the cell, e.g. via in situ hybridization (ISH), including fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH; see WO98/45479 published October, 1998) and chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH; see, e.g. Tanner et al., Am. J. Pathol. 157(5): 1467-1472 (2000); Bella et al., J. Clin. Oncol. 26: (May 20 suppl; abstr 22147) (2008)), southern blotting, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, such as quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). One may also study HER receptor overexpression or amplification by measuring shed antigen {e.g., HER extracellular domain) in a biological fluid such as serum (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,933,294 issued Jun. 12, 1990; WO91/05264 published Apr. 18, 1991; U.S. Pat. No. 5,401,638 issued Mar. 28, 1995; and Sias et al. J. Immunol. Methods 132: 73-80 (1990)). Aside from the above assays, various in vivo assays are available to the skilled practitioner. For example, one may expose cells within the body of the patient to an antibody which is optionally labeled with a detectable label, e.g. a radioactive isotope, and binding of the antibody to cells in the patient can be evaluated, e.g. by external scanning for radioactivity or by analyzing a biopsy taken from a patient previously exposed to the antibody.

A “HER2-positive” cancer comprises cancer cells which have higher than normal levels of HER2. Examples of HER2-positive cancer include HER2-positive breast cancer, HER2-positive gastric cancer and HER2-positive ovarian cancer. Optionally, HER2-positive cancer has an immunohistochemistry (IHC) score of 2+ or 3+ and/or an in situ hybridization (ISH) amplification ratio >2.0.

“Metastatic” cancer refers to cancer which has spread from one part of the body (e.g. the breast) to another part of the body. “HER2-positive cancer with brain metastases” refers to HER2-positive cancer which has spread from one part of the body (e.g. the breast) to the central nervous system (CNS). The term “variable region” or “variable domain” refers to the domain of an antibody heavy or light chain that is involved in binding the antibody to antigen. The variable domains of the heavy chain and light chain (VH and VL, respectively) of a native antibody generally have similar structures, with each domain comprising four conserved framework regions (FRs) and three hypervariable regions (HVRs). (See, e.g., Kindt et al. Kuby Immunology, 6^(th) ed., W.H. Freeman and Co., page 91 (2007).) A single VH or VL domain may be sufficient to confer antigen-binding specificity. Furthermore, antibodies that bind a particular antigen may be isolated using a VH or VL domain from an antibody that binds the antigen to screen a library of complementary VL or VH domains, respectively. See, e.g., Portolano et al., J. Immunol. 150:880-887 (1993); Clarkson et al., Nature 352:624-628 (1991).

The term “antigen-binding site of an antibody” when used herein refer to the amino acid residues of an antibody which are responsible for antigen-binding. The antigen-binding portion of an antibody comprises amino acid residues from the “complementary determining regions” or “CDRs”. “Framework” or “FR” regions are those variable domain regions other than the hypervariable region residues as herein defined. Therefore, the light and heavy chain variable domains of an antibody comprise from N- to C-terminus the domains FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3, and FR4. Especially, CDR3 of the heavy chain is the region which contributes most to antigen binding and defines the antibody's properties. CDR and FR regions are determined according to the standard definition of Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th ed., Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. (1991) and/or those residues from a “hypervariable loop”.

Antibody specificity refers to selective recognition of the antibody for a particular epitope of an antigen. Natural antibodies, for example, are monospecific. The term “monospecific” antibody as used herein denotes an antibody that has one or more binding sites each of which bind to the same epitope of the same antigen.

“Bispecific antibodies” according to the disclosure are antibodies which have two different antigen-binding specificities. Antibodies of the present invention are specific for two different epitopes of HER2, i.e. the extracellular domains II and IV of HER2. The term “bispecific” antibody as used herein denotes an antibody that has at least two binding sites each of which bind to different epitopes of the same antigen.

“Trispecific antibodies” according to the disclosure are antibodies which have three different antigen-binding specificities. Antibodies of the present invention are specific for two different epitopes of HER2, i.e. the extracellular domains II and IV of HER2 and a BBB-R. The term “trispecific” antibody as used herein denotes an antibody that has at least three binding sites each of which bind to different epitopes.

Trispecific antibodies may also be used to localize cytotoxic agents to cells which express HER2 and/or a BBB-R. Trispecific antibodies can be prepared as full length antibodies or antibody fragments.

The term “valent” as used within the current application denotes the presence of a specified number of binding sites in an antibody molecule. As such, the terms “bivalent”, “tetravalent”, and “hexavalent” denote the presence of two binding sites, four binding sites, and six binding sites, respectively, in an antibody molecule. The trispecific antibodies according to the invention are at least “trivalent” and may be “multivalent” (e.g. “tetravalent” or “hexavalent”).

Antibodies of the present invention have three binding sites and are trispecific. That is, the antibodies may be trispecific even in cases where there are more than three binding sites (i.e. that the antibody is multivalent). Trispecific antibodies of the invention include, for example, multivalent single chain antibodies, diabodies and triabodies, as well as antibodies having the constant domain structure of full length antibodies to which further antigen-binding sites (e.g., single chain Fv, a VH domain and/or a VL domain, Fab, or (Fab)2) are linked via one or more peptide-linkers. The antibodies can be full length from a single species, or be chimerized or humanized.

The term “vector,” as used herein, refers to a nucleic acid molecule capable of propagating another nucleic acid to which it is linked. The term includes the vector as a self-replicating nucleic acid structure as well as the vector incorporated into the genome of a host cell into which it has been introduced. Certain vectors are capable of directing the expression of nucleic acids to which they are operatively linked. Such vectors are referred to herein as “expression vectors.”

The term “amino acid” as used within this application denotes the group of naturally occurring carboxy a-amino acids comprising alanine (three letter code: ala, one letter code: A), arginine (arg, R), asparagine (asn, N), aspartic acid (asp, D), cysteine (cys, C), glutamine (gln, Q), glutamic acid (glu, E), glycine (gly, G), histidine (his, H), isoleucine (ile, I), leucine (leu, L), lysine (lys, K), methionine (met, M), phenylalanine (phe, F), proline (pro, P), serine (ser, S), threonine (thr, T), tryptophan (trp, W), tyrosine (tyr, Y), and valine (val, V).

As used herein, the expressions “cell”, “cell line”, and “cell culture” are used interchangeably and all such designations include progeny. Thus, the words “transfectants” and “transfected cells” include the primary subject cell and cultures derived there from without regard for the number of transfers. It is also understood that all progeny may not be precisely identical in DNA content, due to deliberate or inadvertent mutations. Variant progeny that have the same function or biological activity as screened for in the originally transformed cell are included.

“Affinity” refers to the strength of the sum total of noncovalent interactions between a single binding site of a molecule (e.g., an antibody) and its binding partner (e.g., an antigen). Unless indicated otherwise, as used herein, “binding affinity” refers to intrinsic binding affinity which reflects a 1:1 interaction between members of a binding pair (e.g., antibody and antigen). The affinity of a molecule X for its partner Y can generally be represented by the dissociation constant (Kd). Affinity can be measured by common methods known in the art, including those described herein. Specific illustrative and exemplary embodiments for measuring binding affinity are described in the following.

As used herein, the term “binding” or “specifically binding” refers to the binding of the antibody to an epitope of the antigen in an in-vitro assay, preferably in a surface plasmon resonance assay (SPR, BIAcore, GE-Healthcare Uppsala, Sweden). The affinity of the binding is defined by the terms ka (rate constant for the association of the antibody from the antibody/antigen complex), kD (dissociation constant), and KD (kD/ka). Binding or specifically binding means a binding affinity (KD) of 10-8 mol/l or less, preferably 10-9 M to 10-13 mol/l.

Binding of the antibody to HER2 or a BBB-R can be investigated by a BIAcore assay (GE-Healthcare Uppsala, Sweden). The affinity of the binding is defined by the terms ka (rate constant for the association of the antibody from the antibody/antigen complex), kD (dissociation constant), and KD (kD/ka)

The term “epitope” includes any polypeptide determinant capable of specific binding to an antibody. In certain embodiments, epitope determinant include chemically active surface groupings of molecules such as amino acids, sugar side chains, phosphoryl, or sulfonyl, and, in certain embodiments, may have specific three dimensional structural characteristics, and or specific charge characteristics. An epitope is a region of an antigen that is bound by an antibody.

As used herein, the terms “engineer, engineered, engineering,” particularly with the prefix “glyco-,” as well as the term “glycosylation engineering” are considered to include any manipulation of the glycosylation pattern of a naturally occurring or recombinant polypeptide or fragment thereof. Glycosylation engineering includes metabolic engineering of the glycosylation machinery of a cell, including genetic manipulations of the oligosaccharide synthesis pathways to achieve altered glycosylation of glycoproteins expressed in cells. Furthermore, glycosylation engineering includes the effects of mutations and cell environment on glycosylation. In one embodiment, the glycosylation engineering is an alteration in glycosyltransferase activity. In a particular embodiment, the engineering results in altered glucosaminyltransferase activity and/or fucosyltransferase activity.

II. Compositions and Methods

In one aspect, the invention is based on trispecific antibodies specifically binding to HER2 and a BBB-R. Antibodies of the invention are useful, e.g., for the treatment or diagnosis of cancer, in particular a HER2-positive cancer with brain metastases. In one embodiment the trispecific antibody induces complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) to a higher degree than the combination of Pertuzumab or Trastuzumab. In one such embodiment the complement dependent cytotoxicity of the trispecific antibody is determined by a LDH assay or a complement assay and compared to the complement dependent cytotoxicity of the combination of Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab as determined by the same assay. In one embodiment the complement dependent cytotoxicity is determined in vitro on cancer cells, preferably on breast cancer cells.

A. Exemplary BBB-R Binders Useful in the Trispecific Antibodies Specifically Binding to HER2 and a BBB-R

In one aspect of the invention, a trispecific antibody specifically binding to HER2 and a BBB-R is provided, wherein the antibody comprises a first monovalent antigen binding site that specifically binds the extracellular domain II of HER2, a second monovalent antigen binding site that specifically binds the extracellular domain IV of HER2 and a third monovalent antigen binding site specifically binding to a BBB-R.

In one embodiment the BBB-R of the third antigen binding site is selected from the group consisting of transferrin receptor (TfR), insulin receptor, insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF receptor), low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8), low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF). In one preferred embodiment the third antigen binding site is specific for the transferrin receptor, preferably the human transferrin receptor.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to extracellular domains II and IV of HER2 and to a BBB-R, comprising an antigen binding site that specifically binds to an epitope in the transferrin receptor comprised within the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 202, 203 or 204.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to extracellular domains II and IV of HER2 and to a BBB-R comprising

a heavy chain comprising

(a) a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 172; (b) a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 173; (c) a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 174;

and a light chain comprising

(a) a light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 175; (b) a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 176; (c) a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 177.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to extracellular domains II and IV of HER2 and to a BBB-R comprising a variable light chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 178, a heavy chain comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 179

In one embodiment, the invention provides a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to extracellular domains II and IV of HER2 and to a BBB-R comprising a humanized light chain variable domain derived from the variable light chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 178, a humanized heavy chain variable domain derived from the heavy chain comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 179.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to extracellular domains II and IV of HER2 and to a BBB-R comprising

a heavy chain comprising

(a) a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 180; (b) a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 181; (c) a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 182;

and a light chain comprising

(a) a light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 183; (b) a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 184; (c) a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 185.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to extracellular domains II and IV of HER2 and to a BBB-R comprising a variable light chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 166, a heavy chain comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 167

In one embodiment, the invention provides a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to extracellular domains II and IV of HER2 and to a BBB-R comprising a humanized light chain variable domain derived from the variable light chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 166, a humanized heavy chain variable domain derived from the heavy chain comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 167.

In one embodiment the monovalent antigen binding site specifically binding to the human Transferrin receptor is further optimized for improved brain exposure. Towards this end, the affinity of the antigen binding site specifically binding to the human Transferrin receptor is reduced by introducing certain mutations into its amino acid sequence.

The equilibrium dissociation constants (KD) are commonly used to describe molecular interactions. It is used as a measure of two molecules' interaction strength (e.g. affinity) with each other. Thus, the KD value is a measure for the strength of a bimolecular interaction. However, the KD value as such does not describe the kinetics of the molecular interaction, i.e. from the KD value it cannot be deduced on the one hand how quickly the two molecules bind to each other (association rate constant or “on rate”) and on the other hand how quickly the molecules dissociate (dissociation rate constant or “off-rate”). Characterizing bimolecular interactions only by their KD value neglects the fact that an identical KD value can be made up by extremely different (differing orders of magnitude) on and off-rates as the KD value is the ratio thereof. The on and off-rates are important for characterizing the binding behavior of molecules. The off-rate is especially important because it characterizes the binding duration of e.g. an antibody to its antigen. A long off-rate correlates to a slow dissociation of the formed complex whereas a short off-rate correlates to a quick dissociation.

In order to have a long-lasting (i.e. less frequent dosing requiring) or a tailor-made (e.g. depending on the surrounding conditions) interaction the off-rates have to be determined experimentally. This is even more important as it is next to impossible to predict the off-rate. Additionally the correlation between off-rate and binding affinity is poor as outlined above. For example, due to the fact that the KD value is the ratio of on and off-rate even weak binders can stay bound long to their target whereas tight binders can dissociate rapidly.

Herein are disclosed novel humanized and affinity reduced anti-transferrin receptor binders that have an off-rate for binding to the human transferrin receptor that is within a certain range in order to ensure proper BBB shuttling. It has been found that this range is defined at the one end by the off-rate of the murine anti-transferrin receptor antibody 128.1 (WO93/10819) determined by surface plasmon resonance for the cynomolgus transferrin receptor and at the other end by 5% of that off-rate (i.e. a 20-times slower dissociation). In one embodiment the monovalent antigen binding site specifically binding to the human Transferrin receptor (huTfR) and to the cynomolgus transferrin receptor (cyTfR) has an off-rate determined by surface plasmon resonance for the cynomolgus transferrin receptor between 0.1 l/s and 0.005 l/s.

In one embodiment the off-rate is determined at 500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.625 and 0 nM.

In one embodiment the off-rate is determined using a surface plasmon resonance chip with a biotin surface and a running buffer of 1×PBS supplemented with 250 mM sodium chloride at a flow rate of 10 μL/min. In one embodiment the association is monitored for 180 seconds and the dissociation is monitored for 600 seconds. In one embodiment the off-rate is determined on a BIAcore T200. In one embodiment the off-rate is between 0.08 l/s and 0.008 l/s. In one embodiment of all aspects the off-rate is determined at 25° C.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to extracellular domains II and IV of HER2 and to a BBB-R comprising a humanized, affinity reduced light chain variable domain derived from the variable light chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 178, a humanized, affinity reduced heavy chain variable domain derived from the heavy chain comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 179.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to extracellular domains II and IV of HER2 and to a BBB-R comprising a humanized, affinity reduced light chain variable domain derived from the variable light chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 166, a humanized, affinity reduced heavy chain variable domain derived from the heavy chain comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 167.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to extracellular domains II and IV of HER2 and to a BBB-R comprising a heavy chain comprising

(a) a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 186; (b) a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 187; (c) a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence selected from the group of SEQ ID NO: 188, SEQ ID NO: 206 or SEQ ID NO: 174;

and a light chain comprising

(a) a light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 189; (b) a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 190; (c) a light chain CDR3 of SEQ ID NO: 191.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to extracellular domains II and IV of HER2 and to a BBB-R comprising a variable light chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 192, a heavy chain comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 193 or SEQ ID NO: 205.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to extracellular domains II and IV of HER2 and to a BBB-R comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group of SEQ ID NO: 194, SEQ ID NO: 195, SEQ ID NO: 196, SEQ ID NO: 197, SEQ ID NO: 198, SEQ ID NO: 199, or SEQ ID NO: 200, and a variable light chain comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group of SEQ ID NO: 201, SEQ ID NO: 207, SEQ ID NO: 208, or SEQ ID NO:209.

In one embodiment, the BBB-R antigen binding site comprises one single chain Fab (scFab) which is connected to a full length IgG antibody comprising the antigen binding sites specific for extracellular domains II and IV of HER2, wherein the scFab is connected either directly or by a linker to the C-terminal end of the Fc part of one of the heavy chains of the IgG antibody. In another embodiment the scFab is connected to the N-terminus of the IgG antibody, e.g. to the N-terminus of the variable light chain or heavy chain. In one embodiment the scFab is connected to the N-terminus of the IgG antibody with a linker.

In one embodiment, the BBB-R antigen binding site comprises one single chain Fv (scFv) which is connected to a full length IgG antibody comprising the antigen binding sites specific for extracellular domains II and IV of HER2, wherein the scFv is connected either directly or by a linker to the C-terminal end of the Fc part of one of the heavy chains of the IgG antibody. In another embodiment the scFv is connected to the N-terminus of the IgG antibody, e.g. to the N-terminus of the variable light chain or heavy chain. In one embodiment the scFv is connected to the N-terminus of the IgG antibody with a linker.

In one embodiment, the BBB-R antigen binding site comprises one crossover Fab fragment which is connected to a full length IgG antibody comprising the antigen binding sites specific for extracellular domains II and IV of HER2, wherein the crossover Fab fragment is connected either directly or by a linker to the C-terminal end of the Fc part of one of the heavy chains of the IgG antibody. In another embodiment the crossover Fab fragment is connected to the N-terminus of the IgG antibody, e.g. to the N-terminus of the variable light chain or heavy chain. In one embodiment the crossover Fab fragment is connected to the N-terminus of the IgG antibody with a linker. Crossover Fab fragments are Fab fragments wherein either the variable regions or the constant regions of the heavy and light chain are exchanged. Bispecific antibody formats comprising crossover Fab fragments have been described, for example, in WO2009080252, WO2009080253, WO2009080251, WO2009080254, WO2010/136172, WO2010/145792 and WO2013/026831.

In one embodiment, the BBB-R antigen binding site comprises one Fab fragment which is connected to a full length IgG antibody comprising the antigen binding sites specific for extracellular domains II and IV of HER2, wherein the Fab fragment is connected either directly or by a linker to the C-terminal end of the Fc part of one of the heavy chains of the IgG antibody. In another embodiment the Fab fragment is connected to the N-terminus of the IgG antibody, e.g. to the N-terminus of the variable light chain or heavy chain. In one embodiment the Fab fragment is connected to the N-terminus of the IgG antibody with a linker.

The term “linker” denotes a chemical linker or a peptidic linker that covalently connects BBB-R antigen binding site to the full length IgG antibody comprising the antigen binding sites specific for extracellular domains II and IV of HER2.

Single chain peptidic linkers, comprising of from one to twenty amino acid residues joined by peptide bonds, can be used. In certain embodiments, the amino acids are selected from the twenty naturally-occurring amino acids. In certain other embodiments, one or more of the amino acids are selected from glycine, alanine, proline, asparagine, glutamine and lysine. In other embodiments, the linker is a chemical linker. In certain embodiments, the linker is a single chain peptidic linker with an amino acid sequence with a length of at least 25 amino acid residues, in one preferred embodiment with a length of 32 to 50 amino acid residues. In one embodiment the peptidic linker is a (G×S)n linker with G=glycine, S=serine, (x=3, n=8, 9 or 10) or (x=4 and n=6, 7 or 8), in one embodiment with x=4, n=6 or 7, in one preferred embodiment with x=4, n=7. In one embodiment the linker is (G4S)4. In one embodiment the linker is (G4S)6G2.

Conjugation may be performed using a variety of chemical linkers. For example, the BBB-R antigen binding site may be connected to the full length IgG antibody comprising the antigen binding sites specific for extracellular domains II and IV of HER2 using a variety of bifunctional protein coupling agents such as N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (SPDP), succinimidyl-4-(N-mal eimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC), iminothiolane (IT), bifunctional derivatives of imidoesters (such as dimethyl adipimidate HCl), active esters (such as disuccinimidyl suberate), aldehydes (such as glutaraldehyde), bis-azido compounds (such as bis (p-azidobenzoyl) hexanediamine), bis-diazonium derivatives (such as bis-(p-diazoniumbenzoyl)-ethylenediamine), diisocyanates (such as toluene 2,6-diisocyanate), and bis-active fluorine compounds (such as 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene). The linker may be a “cleavable linker” facilitating release of the full length IgG antibody comprising the antigen binding sites specific for extracellular domains II and IV of HER2 upon delivery to the brain. For example, an acid-labile linker, peptidase-sensitive linker, photolabile linker, dimethyl linker or disulfide-containing linker (Chari et al, Cancer Res. 52 (1992) 127-131; U.S. Pat. No. 5,208,020) may be used.

Covalent conjugation can either be direct or via a linker. In certain embodiments, direct conjugation is by construction of a polypeptide fusion (i.e. by genetic fusion). In certain embodiments, direct conjugation is by formation of a covalent bond between a reactive group on one of the two portions of the BBB-R antigen binding site and a corresponding group or acceptor on the full length IgG antibody comprising the antigen binding sites specific for extracellular domains II and IV of HER2. In certain embodiments, direct conjugation is by modification (i.e. genetic modification) of one of the two molecules to be conjugated to include a reactive group (as non-limiting examples, a sulfhydryl group or a carboxyl group) that forms a covalent attachment to the other molecule to be conjugated under appropriate conditions. Conjugation may also be performed using a variety of linkers. For example, the BBB-R antigen binding site and the full length IgG antibody comprising the antigen binding sites specific for extracellular domains II and IV of HER2 may be conjugated using a variety of bifunctional protein coupling agents such as N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (SPDP), succinimidyl-4-(N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC), iminothiolane (IT), bifunctional derivatives of imidoesters (such as dimethyl adipimidate HCl), active esters (such as disuccinimidyl suberate), aldehydes (such as glutaraldehyde), bis-azido compounds (such as bis (p-azidobenzoyl) hexanediamine), bis-diazonium derivatives (such as bis-(p-diazoniumbenzoyl)-ethylenediamine), diisocyanates (such as toluene 2,6-diisocyanate), and bis-active fluorine compounds (such as 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene). Peptidic linkers, comprised of from one to twenty amino acid residues joined by peptide bonds, may also be used. In certain such embodiments, the amino acid residues are selected from the twenty naturally-occurring amino acids. In certain other such embodiments, one or more of the amino acid residues are selected from glycine, alanine, proline, asparagine, glutamine and lysine. The linker may be a “cleavable linker” facilitating release of the full length IgG antibody comprising the antigen binding sites specific for extracellular domains II and IV of HER2 upon delivery to the brain. For example, an acid-labile linker, peptidase-sensitive linker, photolabile linker, dimethyl linker or disulfide-containing linker (Chari et al, Cancer Res. 52 (1992) 127-131; U.S. Pat. No. 5,208,020) may be used. The above disclosed antigen binding site specifically binding to a BBB-R as outlined in this section are part of trispecific antibodies specifically binding to HER2 and a BBR-R. The antigen binding sites for HER2 as well as the antibody formats of the HER2 binders are described in sections II B and II C below.

B. Exemplary Trispecific Antibodies Specifically Binding to HER2 and a BBB-R with a Common Light Chain

In one aspect of the invention, a trispecific antibody specifically binding to HER2 and a BBB-R is provided, wherein the antibody comprises a first monovalent antigen binding site that specifically binds the extracellular domain II of HER2, a second monovalent antigen binding site that specifically binds the extracellular domain IV of HER2 and a third monovalent antigen binding site specifically binding to a BBB-R as outlined in section II A above. The inventors of the present invention surprisingly generated a trispecific antibody wherein both binding moieties (i.e. antigen binding sites) that specifically bind to HER2 share a common light chain that retains the efficacy of the parent monospecific antibodies in terms of inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and has an increased affinity to the extracellular domain II of HER2. The generation of a trispecific molecule with a common light chain that retains the binding properties of both of the parent antibodies is not straight-forward as the common CDRs of the hybrid light chain have to retain the binding specificity for both the extracellular domains II and IV of HER2. The use of this so-called ‘common light chain’ principle, i.e. combining two binders that share one light chain but still have separate specificities, prevents light chain mispairing and in this particular case retains the epitope specificity of the parental antibodies. As a consequence, there are less side products during production, facilitating the homogenous preparation of HER2 trispecific antigen binding molecules at high yields. The heavy chain of Pertuzumab was further optimized, resulting in a more potent molecule in terms of affinity to the extracellular domain II of HER2. In addition, the Trastuzumab heavy chain has been stabilized by introducing certain mutations into the CDRs. The resulting molecule is superior to the parent Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab monospecific antibodies, plus targets the CNS through its BBB-R binding moiety. The trispecific HER2 antibodies in the monovalent common light chain format have an increased affinity to the pertuzumab epitope, and show superior inhibitory effects on cell proliferation as compared to the combination of the parental antibodies.

In one embodiment a trispecific antibody is provided, comprising a first Fab molecule capable of specific binding to extracellular domain II of HER2 and a second Fab molecule capable of specific binding to extracellular domain IV of HER2, wherein the sequence of the variable light chain of the first Fab molecule is identical to the sequence of the variable light chain of the second Fab molecule (i.e. the first and the second Fab molecule comprise a common light chain); and a third monovalent antigen binding site specifically binding to a BBB-R as outlined in section II A above.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to extracellular domains II and IV of HER2 and to a BBB-R comprising a first heavy chain comprising

(a) a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55; (b) a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77; (c) a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56;

and a second heavy chain comprising

(a) a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20; (b) a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29; (c) a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30;

and a first and a second light chain comprising

(a) a light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89; (b) a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 90; (c) a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to extracellular domains II and IV of HER2 and to a BBB-R comprising a first heavy chain comprising

(a) a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14; (b) a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60; (c) a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16;

and a second heavy chain comprising

(a) a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20; (b) a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29; (c) a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30;

and a first and a second light chain comprising

(a) a light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89; (b) a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 90; (c) a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to extracellular domains II and IV of HER2 and to a BBB-R comprising a first heavy chain comprising

(a) a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58; (b) a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15; (c) a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59;

and a second heavy chain comprising

(a) a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20; (b) a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29; (c) a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30;

and a first and a second light chain comprising

(a) a light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89; (b) a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 90; (c) a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19.

In one embodiment the second heavy chain of any of the embodiments above bears at least one modification in the amino acid sequence that confers higher chemical stability to the CDRs, resulting in retained binding to HER2 under stress conditions. Modifications useful herein are e.g. D98E, D98N, D98T, G99A or G99S. Surprisingly the inventors found that some modifications of the CDRs did not only improve the stability of the molecule but also improved the binding affinity to HER2.

Hence in one embodiment, the invention provides a tri specific antibody that specifically binds to extracellular domains II and IV of HER2 and to a BBB-R comprising

a first heavy chain comprising

(a) a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55; (b) a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77; (c) a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56;

and a second heavy chain comprising

(a) a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20; (b) a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29; (c) a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 79;

and a first and a second light chain comprising

(a) a light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89; (b) a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 90; (c) a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to extracellular domains II and IV of HER2 and to a BBB-R comprising

a first heavy chain comprising

(a) a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14; (b) a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60; (c) a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16;

and a second heavy chain comprising

(a) a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20; (b) a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29; (c) a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 79;

and a first and a second light chain comprising

(a) a light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89; (b) a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 90; (c) a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to extracellular domains II and IV of HER2 and to a BBB-R comprising

a first heavy chain comprising

(a) a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58; (b) a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15; (c) a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59;

and a second heavy chain comprising

(a) a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20; (b) a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29; (c) a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 79;

and a first and a second light chain comprising

(a) a light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89; (b) a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 90; (c) a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19.

In one embodiment, the trispecific antibody comprises two variable light chains comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO 54 (i.e. a common light chain), a first heavy chain comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64, and a second heavy chain comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO 92 and a third monovalent antigen binding site specifically binding to a BBB-R as outlined in section II A above.

In one embodiment, the trispecific antibody comprises two variable light chains comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO 54 (i.e. a common light chain), a first heavy chain comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70, and a second heavy chain comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO 92 and a third monovalent antigen binding site specifically binding to a BBB-R as outlined in section II A above.

In one embodiment, the trispecific antibody comprises two variable light chains comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO 54 (i.e. a common light chain), a first heavy chain comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68, and a second heavy chain comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 92 and a third monovalent antigen binding site specifically binding to a BBB-R as outlined in section II A above.

In one embodiment the second heavy chain of any of the embodiments above bears at least one modification in the amino acid sequence that confers stability to the CDRs and the binding to the target, e.g. D98E, D98N, D98T, G99A or G99S.

Hence in one embodiment, the trispecific antibody comprises two variable light chains comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 54 (i.e. a common light chain), a first heavy chain comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64, and a second heavy chain comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 117 and a third monovalent antigen binding site specifically binding to a BBB-R as outlined in section II A above.

In one embodiment, the trispecific antibody comprises two variable light chains comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54 (i.e. a common light chain), a first heavy chain comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70, and a second heavy chain comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 117 and a third monovalent antigen binding site specifically binding to a BBB-R as outlined in section II A above.

In one embodiment, the trispecific antibody comprises two variable light chains comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54 (i.e. a common light chain), a first heavy chain comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68, and a second heavy chain comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 117 and a third monovalent antigen binding site specifically binding to a BBB-R as outlined in section II A above.

In one embodiment, the trispecific antibody of the invention comprises a first heavy chain constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 114.

In one embodiment, the trispecific antibody of the invention comprises a second heavy chain constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 115.

In another embodiment the trispecific antibody of the invention comprises a first light chain constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 113.

In another embodiment the trispecific antibody of the invention comprises a second light chain constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 116.

In one embodiment a trispecific antibody is provided comprising SEQ ID NOs: 165, 163 and 161.

In one embodiment a trispecific antibody is provided comprising SEQ ID NOs: 168, 169 and 161.

In one embodiment the trispecific antibody of any of the above embodiments comprises a Fc domain modification that promotes heterodimerization as outlined in section D below.

C. Exemplary Trispecific Antibodies Specifically Binding to HER2 and a BBB-R Comprising a Crossover Fab Fragment

In one embodiment of the invention, a trispecific antibody specifically binding to HER2 and a BBB-R is provided, wherein the antibody comprises a first monovalent antigen binding site that specifically binds to the extracellular domain II of HER2, a second monovalent antigen binding site that specifically binds to the extracellular domain IV of HER2 and a third monovalent antigen binding site specifically binding to a BBB-R as outlined in section II A above. The inventors of the present invention generated a second trispecific antibody format wherein one of the binding moieties (i.e. antigen binding sites) for HER2 is a crossover Fab fragment. In one aspect of the invention a trispecific antibody is provided, comprising an IgG molecule, wherein one of the Fab fragments is replaced by a crossover Fab fragment. Crossover Fab fragments are Fab fragments wherein either the variable regions or the constant regions of the heavy and light chain are exchanged. Bispecific antibody formats comprising crossover Fab fragments have been described, for example, in WO2009080252, WO2009080253, WO2009080251, WO2009080254, WO2010/136172, WO2010/145792 and WO2013/026831. The native Trastuzumab sequence has been optimized by introducing modifications into the CDRs of both the variable heavy chain and the variable light chain to improve stability and affinity, the resulting sequences framework-grafted to avoid mispairing of the light chains in the trispecific molecule, resulting in highly potent trispecific antibodies that target HER2 and a BBB-R that can be produced with high yield and only low percentage of side products. In addition it shows superior inhibition of tumor cell proliferation as compared to the combination of the respective parental antibodies.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a trispecific antibody specifically binding to HER2 and a BBB-R comprising

a first antigen binding site specific for extracellular domain II of HER2, comprising (a) a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14; (b) a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15; (c) a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16; (d) a light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11; (e) a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12; (f) a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13;

And a second antigen binding site specific for extracellular domain IV of HER2 comprising

(a) a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20; (b) a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 108; (c) a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 79; (d) a light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 107; (e) a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18; (f) a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19;

In one embodiment, the trispecific antibody comprises a first antigen binding site specific for the extracellular domain II of HER2 comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22 and a variable light chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24; and a second antigen binding site specific for the extracellular domain IV of HER2, comprising a heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105 and a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 106, and a third monovalent antigen binding site specifically binding to a BBB-R as outlined in section II A above.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to HER2 and a BBB-R comprising

a first antigen binding site specific for extracellular domain II of HER2 comprising

(a) a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14;

(b) a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15;

(c) a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16;

(d) a light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11;

(e) a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12;

(f) a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13.

and a second antigen binding site specific for extracellular domain IV of HER2, comprising

(a) a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20;

(b) a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29;

(c) a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 79;

(d) a light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 104;

(e) a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18;

(f) a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19.

In one embodiment, the trispecific antibody comprises a first antigen binding site specific for the extracellular domain II of HER2 comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22 and a variable light chain comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24; and a second antigen binding site specific for the extracellular domain IV of

HER2, comprising a heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 117 and a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 118, and a third monovalent antigen binding site specifically binding to a BBB-R as outlined in section II A above.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to HER2 and a BBB-R comprising

a first antigen binding site specific for extracellular domain II of HER2 comprising

(a) a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14;

(b) a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15;

(c) a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16;

(d) a light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11;

(e) a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12;

(f) a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13.

and a second antigen binding site specific for extracellular domain IV of HER2, comprising

(a) a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20;

(b) a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29;

(c) a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88;

(d) a light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 104, SEQ ID NO: 103 and SEQ ID NO: 158;

(e) a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18;

(f) a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19;

In one embodiment, the trispecific antibody of the invention comprises a first heavy chain constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 114.

In one embodiment, the trispecific antibody of the invention comprises a first heavy chain constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 114, wherein the C-terminal Lysine has been removed.

In one embodiment, the trispecific antibody of the invention comprises a second heavy chain constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 115.

In one embodiment, the trispecific antibody of the invention comprises a second heavy chain constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 115, wherein the C-terminal Lysine has been removed.

In another embodiment the trispecific antibody of the invention comprises a first light chain constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 113.

In another embodiment the trispecific antibody of the invention comprises a second light chain constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 116.

In one embodiment a trispecific antibody is provided comprising SEQ ID NOs: 109, 110, 111 and 112.

In one embodiment a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to HER2 and a BBB-R according to any of the above embodiments comprises

an Fc domain,

one Fab fragment comprising a first antigen binding site specific for the extracellular domain II of HER2,

and one Fab fragment comprising a second antigen binding site specific for the extracellular domain IV of HER2,

wherein either the variable regions or the constant regions of the heavy and light chain of at least one Fab fragment are exchanged and a third monovalent antigen binding site specifically binding to a BBB-R as outlined in section II A above.

The triispecific antibodies described in this section are monovalent for the extracellular domain II of HER2 and monovalent for the extracellular domain IV of HER2. Due to the exchange of either the variable regions or the constant regions, the Fab fragment above is also referred to as “cross-Fab fragment” or “xFab fragment” or “crossover Fab fragment”.

In one embodiment a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to HER2 and a BBB-R according to any of the above embodiments comprises

an Fc domain,

one Fab fragment comprising an antigen binding site specific for the extracellular domain II of HER2, wherein either the variable regions or the constant regions of the heavy and light chain are exchanged.

and one Fab fragment comprising an antigen binding site specific for the extracellular domain IV of HER2, and

a third monovalent antigen binding site specifically binding to a BBB-R as outlined in section II A above.

In one embodiment a tri specific antibody that specifically binds to HER2 and a BBB-R according to any of the above embodiments comprises

an Fc domain,

one Fab fragment comprising an antigen binding site specific for the extracellular domain II of HER2,

and one Fab fragment comprising an antigen binding site specific for the extracellular domain IV of HER2, wherein either the variable regions or the constant regions of the heavy and light chain are exchanged, and

a third monovalent antigen binding site specifically binding to a BBB-R as outlined in section II A above.

In one embodiment a tri specific antibody that specifically binds to HER2 and a BBB-R according to any of the above embodiments comprises

an Fc domain,

one Fab fragment comprising an antigen binding site specific for the extracellular domain II of HER2,

and one Fab fragment comprising an antigen binding site specific for the extracellular domain IV of HER2, wherein the variable regions of the heavy and light chain of the Fab fragment are exchanged;

and a third monovalent antigen binding site specifically binding to a BBB-R as outlined in section II A above.

In one embodiment a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to HER2 and a BBB-R according to any of the above embodiments comprises

an Fc domain,

one Fab fragments comprising an antigen binding site specific for the extracellular domain II of HER2,

and one Fab fragment comprising an antigen binding site specific for the extracellular domain IV of HER2, wherein the constant regions of the heavy and light chain are exchanged, and a third monovalent antigen binding site specifically binding to a BBB-R as outlined in section II A above.

In one embodiment said trispecific antibody that specifically binds to HER2 and a BBB-R according to any of the above embodiments comprises an Fc domain to which two Fab fragments are fused to the N-terminus, wherein either the variable regions or the constant regions of the heavy and light chain of at least one Fab fragment are exchanged and a third monovalent antigen binding site specifically binding to a BBB-R as outlined in section II A above. In one embodiment the two Fab fragments are fused to the N-terminus of the Fc domain through an immunoglobulin hinge region. In one embodiment, the immunoglobulin hinge region is a human IgG1 hinge region. In one embodiment the Fab fragment comprising an antigen binding site specific for the extracellular domain II of HER2, the Fab fragment comprising an antigen binding site specific for the extracellular domain IV of HER2 and the Fc domain are part of an immunoglobulin molecule. In a particular embodiment the immunoglobulin molecule is an IgG class immunoglobulin. In an even more particular embodiment the immunoglobulin is an IgG1 subclass immunoglobulin. In another embodiment the immunoglobulin is an IgG4 subclass immunoglobulin. In a further particular embodiment the immunoglobulin is a human immunoglobulin. In other embodiments the immunoglobulin is a chimeric immunoglobulin or a humanized immunoglobulin.

In one embodiment a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to HER2 and a BBB-R according to any of the above embodiments comprises an Immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecule with one binding site specific for the extracellular domain II of HER2 and one binding site specific for the extracellular domain IV of HER2, wherein either the variable regions or the constant regions of the heavy and light chain of one arm (Fab fragment) of the IgG molecule are exchanged, and a third monovalent antigen binding site specifically binding to a BBB-R as outlined in section II A above.

In one embodiment a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to HER2 and a BBB-R according to any of the above embodiments comprises an Immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecule with one binding site specific for the extracellular domain II of HER2 and one binding site specific for the extracellular domain IV of HER2, wherein the variable regions of the heavy and light chain of one arm (Fab fragment) of the IgG molecule are exchanged, and a third monovalent antigen binding site specifically binding to a BBB-R as outlined in section II A above. In one embodiment the variable regions of the heavy and light chain of the one arm (Fab fragment) of the IgG molecule which comprises the binding site specific for the extracellular domain IV of HER2 are exchanged.

In one embodiment a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to HER2 and a BBB-R according to any of the above embodiments comprises an Immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecule with one binding site specific for the extracellular domain II of HER2 and one binding site specific for the extracellular domain IV of HER2, wherein the constant regions of the heavy and light chain of one arm (Fab fragment) of the IgG molecule are exchanged, and a third monovalent antigen binding site specifically binding to a BBB-R as outlined in section II A above. In one embodiment the constant regions of the heavy and light chain of the one arm (Fab fragment) of the IgG molecule which comprises the binding site specific for the extracellular domain IV of HER2 are exchanged.

In one embodiment a trispecific antibody that specifically binds to HER2 and a BBB-R according to any of the above embodiments comprises an Immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecule with one binding site specific for the extracellular domain II of HER2 and one binding site specific for the extracellular domain IV of HER2, wherein the complete VH-CH1 and VL-CL domains of one arm (Fab fragment) of the IgG molecule are exchanged; and a third monovalent antigen binding site specifically binding to a BBB-R as outlined in section II A above.

This means that at least one of the Fab fragments is fused to the N-terminus of the Fc domain via the light chain (VLCL). In one embodiment the other Fab fragment is fused to the N-terminus of the Fc domain via the heavy chain (VHCH1). In one embodiment both Fab fragments are fused to the N-terminus of the Fc domain through an immunoglobulin hinge region.

In one embodiment the trispecific antibody of any of the above embodiments comprises a Fc domain modification that promotes heterodimerization as outlined in section D below.

D. Fc Domain Modifications Promoting Heterodimerization

The trispecific antibodies binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R) of the invention comprise different antigen binding moieties, fused to one or the other of the two subunits of the Fc domain, thus the two subunits of the Fc domain are typically comprised in two non-identical polypeptide chains. Recombinant co-expression of these polypeptides and subsequent dimerization leads to several possible combinations of the two polypeptides. To improve the yield and purity of the antibodies of the invention in recombinant production, it will thus be advantageous to introduce in the Fc domain of the trispecific antibodies of the invention a modification promoting the association of the desired polypeptides.

Accordingly, in particular embodiments the Fc domain of the trispecific antibodies of the invention comprises a modification promoting the association of the first and the second subunit of the Fc domain. The site of most extensive protein-protein interaction between the two subunits of a human IgG Fc domain is in the CH3 domain of the Fc domain. Thus, in one embodiment said modification is in the CH3 domain of the Fc domain.

In a specific embodiment said modification is a so-called “knob-into-hole” modification, comprising a “knob” modification in one of the two subunits of the Fc domain and a “hole” modification in the other one of the two subunits of the Fc domain.

The knob-into-hole technology is described e.g. in U.S. Pat. No. 5,731,168; U.S. Pat. No. 7,695,936; Ridgway et al., Prot Eng 9, 617-621 (1996) and Carter, J Immunol Meth 248, 7-15 (2001). Generally, the method involves introducing a protuberance (“knob”) at the interface of a first polypeptide and a corresponding cavity (“hole”) in the interface of a second polypeptide, such that the protuberance can be positioned in the cavity so as to promote heterodimer formation and hinder homodimer formation. Protuberances are constructed by replacing small amino acid side chains from the interface of the first polypeptide with larger side chains (e.g. tyrosine or tryptophan). Compensatory cavities of identical or similar size to the protuberances are created in the interface of the second polypeptide by replacing large amino acid side chains with smaller ones (e.g. alanine or threonine).

Accordingly, in a particular embodiment, in the CH3 domain of the first subunit of the Fc domain of the trispecific antibodies of the invention an amino acid residue is replaced with an amino acid residue having a larger side chain volume, thereby generating a protuberance within the CH3 domain of the first subunit which is positionable in a cavity within the CH3 domain of the second subunit, and in the CH3 domain of the second subunit of the Fc domain an amino acid residue is replaced with an amino acid residue having a smaller side chain volume, thereby generating a cavity within the CH3 domain of the second subunit within which the protuberance within the CH3 domain of the first subunit is positionable.

The protuberance and cavity can be made by altering the nucleic acid encoding the polypeptides, e.g. by site-specific mutagenesis, or by peptide synthesis.

In a specific embodiment, in the CH3 domain of the first subunit of the Fc domain the threonine residue at position 366 is replaced with a tryptophan residue (T366W), and in the CH3 domain of the second subunit of the Fc domain the tyrosine residue at position 407 is replaced with a valine residue (Y407V). In one embodiment, in the second subunit of the Fc domain additionally the threonine residue at position 366 is replaced with a serine residue (T366S) and the leucine residue at position 368 is replaced with an alanine residue (L368A).

In yet a further embodiment, in the first subunit of the Fc domain additionally the serine residue at position 354 is replaced with a cysteine residue (S354C), and in the second subunit of the Fc domain additionally the tyrosine residue at position 349 is replaced by a cysteine residue (Y349C). Introduction of these two cysteine residues results in formation of a disulfide bridge between the two subunits of the Fc domain, further stabilizing the dimer (Carter, J Immunol Methods 248, 7-15 (2001)).

In an alternative embodiment a modification promoting association of the first and the second subunit of the Fc domain comprises a modification mediating electrostatic steering effects, e.g. as described in PCT publication WO 2009/089004. Generally, this method involves replacement of one or more amino acid residues at the interface of the two Fc domain subunits by charged amino acid residues so that homodimer formation becomes electrostatically unfavorable but heterodimerization electrostatically favorable.

In one embodiment a trispecific antibodies binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R) according to any of the above embodiments comprises an Immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecule comprising a first antigen binding site specific for extracellular domain II of HER2 and a second antigen binding site specific for extracellular domain IV of HER2 and a monovalent third antigen binding site specific for a BBB-R, wherein the Fc part of the first heavy chain comprises a first dimerization module and the Fc part of the second heavy chain comprises a second dimerization module allowing a heterodimerization of the two heavy chains of the IgG molecule.

In a further preferred embodiment, the first dimerization module comprises knobs and the second dimerization module comprises holes according to the knobs into holes strategy (see Carter P.; Ridgway J. B. B.; Presta L. G.: Immunotechnology, Volume 2, Number 1, February 1996, pp. 73-73(1)).

E. Nucleic Acid Sequences, Vectors and Methods of

The invention further provides isolated polynucleotides encoding trispecific antibodies binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R) as described herein or a fragment thereof. The polynucleotides encoding trispecific antibodies of the invention may be expressed as a single polynucleotide that encodes the entire trispecific antigen binding molecule or as multiple (e.g., two or more) polynucleotides that are co-expressed. Polypeptides encoded by polynucleotides that are co-expressed may associate through, e.g., disulfide bonds or other means to form a functional trispecific antibody. For example, the light chain portion of a Fab fragment may be encoded by a separate polynucleotide from the portion of the trispecific antibody comprising the heavy chain portion of the Fab fragment, an Fc domain subunit and optionally (part of) another Fab fragment. When co-expressed, the heavy chain polypeptides will associate with the light chain polypeptides to form the Fab fragment. In another example, the portion of the trispecific antibody provided therein comprising one of the two Fc domain subunits and optionally (part of) one or more Fab fragments could be encoded by a separate polynucleotide from the portion of the trispecific antibody provided therein comprising the other of the two Fc domain subunits and optionally (part of) a Fab fragment. When co-expressed, the Fc domain subunits will associate to form the Fc domain.

In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to an isolated polynucleotide encoding a trispecific antibody of the invention or a fragment thereof, wherein the polynucleotide comprises a sequence that encodes a first variable heavy chain sequence as shown in SEQ ID NOs 63, 67 and 69. In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to an isolated polynucleotide encoding a trispecific antibody of the invention or a fragment thereof, wherein the polynucleotide comprises a sequence that encodes a second variable heavy chain sequence as shown in SEQ ID NOs 91 and 133.

In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to an isolated polynucleotide encoding a trispecific antibody of the invention or a fragment thereof, wherein the polynucleotide comprises a sequence that encodes a variable light chain sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 53.

In another embodiment, the present invention is directed to an isolated polynucleotide encoding a trispecific antibody or fragment thereof, wherein the polynucleotide comprises a sequence that encodes a polypeptide sequence as shown in SEQ ID NOs 83, 85, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 63, 67, 69, 53, 21 and 23.

In another embodiment, the invention is directed to an isolated polynucleotide encoding a trispecific antibody of the invention or a fragment thereof, wherein the polynucleotide comprises a sequence that encodes a first variable heavy chain sequence that is at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to an amino acid sequence in SEQ ID NOs 63, 67 and 69.

In another embodiment, the invention is directed to an isolated polynucleotide encoding a trispecific antibody of the invention or a fragment thereof, wherein the polynucleotide comprises a sequence that encodes a second variable heavy chain sequence that is at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to an amino acid sequence in SEQ ID NOs 91 and 133.

In another embodiment, the invention is directed to an isolated polynucleotide encoding a trispecific antibody of the invention or a fragment thereof, wherein the polynucleotide comprises a sequence that encodes a variable light chain sequence that is at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to an amino acid sequence in SEQ ID NO: 53.

In certain embodiments the polynucleotide or nucleic acid is DNA. In other embodiments, a polynucleotide of the present invention is RNA, for example, in the form of messenger RNA (mRNA). RNA of the present invention may be single stranded or double stranded.

In further objects the present invention relates to an expression vector comprising a nucleic acid sequence of the present invention and to a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cell comprising a vector of the present invention. In addition a method of producing an antibody comprising culturing the host cell so that the antibody is produced is provided.

F. Fc Domain Modifications Reducing Fc Receptor Binding and/or Effector Function

In one aspect a trispecific antibodies binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R) according to any of the above embodiments comprises an Immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecule wherein the Fc part is modified. The modified Fc part has a reduced binding affinity for the Fcγ receptors compared to a wildtype Fc part.

The Fc domain of the trispecific antibodies of the invention consists of a pair of polypeptide chains comprising heavy chain domains of an immunoglobulin molecule. For example, the Fc domain of an immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecule is a dimer, each subunit of which comprises the CH2 and CH3 IgG heavy chain constant domains. The two subunits of the Fc domain are capable of stable association with each other.

In one embodiment according the invention the Fc domain of the trispecific antibodies of the invention is an IgG Fc domain. In a particular embodiment the Fc domain is an IgG₁ Fc domain. In another embodiment the Fc domain is an IgG₄ Fc domain. In a more specific embodiment, the Fc domain is an IgG₄ Fc domain comprising an amino acid substitution at position S228 (Kabat numbering), particularly the amino acid substitution S228P. In a more specific embodiment, the Fc domain is an IgG₄ Fc domain comprising amino acid substitutions L235E and S228P and P329G. This amino acid substitution reduces in vivo Fab arm exchange of IgG₄ antibodies (see Stubenrauch et al., Drug Metabolism and Disposition 38, 84-91 (2010)). In a further particular embodiment the Fc domain is human.

The Fc domain confers favorable pharmacokinetic properties to the trispecific antibodies of the invention, including a long serum half-life which contributes to good accumulation in the target tissue and a favorable tissue-blood distribution ratio. At the same time it may, however, lead to undesirable targeting of the trispecific antibodies of the invention to cells expressing Fc receptors rather than to the preferred antigen-bearing cells. Accordingly, in particular embodiments the Fc domain of the trispecific antibodies of the invention exhibits reduced binding affinity to an Fc receptor and/or reduced effector function, as compared to a native IgG₁ Fc domain. In one such embodiment the Fc domain (or the trispecific antibodies of the invention comprising said Fc domain) exhibits less than 50%, preferably less than 20%, more preferably less than 10% and most preferably less than 5% of the binding affinity to an Fc receptor, as compared to a native IgG₁ Fc domain (or a trispecific antibodies of the invention comprising a native IgG₁ Fc domain), and/or less than 50%, preferably less than 20%, more preferably less than 10% and most preferably less than 5% of the effector function, as compared to a native IgG₁ Fc domain domain (or a trispecific antibodies of the invention comprising a native IgG₁ Fc domain). In one embodiment, the Fc domain (or the trispecific antibodies of the invention comprising said Fc domain) does not substantially bind to an Fc receptor and/or induce effector function. In a particular embodiment the Fc receptor is an Fcγ receptor. In one embodiment the Fc receptor is a human Fc receptor. In one embodiment the Fc receptor is an activating Fc receptor. In a specific embodiment the Fc receptor is an activating human Fcγ receptor, more specifically human FcγRIIIa, FcγRI or FcγRIIa, most specifically human FcγRIIIa. In one embodiment the Fc receptor is an inhibitory Fc receptor. In a specific embodiment the Fc receptor is an inhibitory human Fcγ receptor, more specifically human FcgRIIB In one embodiment the effector function is one or more of CDC, ADCC, ADCP, and cytokine secretion. In a particular embodiment the effector function is ADCC. In one embodiment the Fc domain domain exhibits substantially similar binding affinity to neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), as compared to a native IgG₁ Fc domain domain. Substantially similar binding to FcRn is achieved when the Fc domain (or the trispecific antibodies of the invention comprising said Fc domain) exhibits greater than about 70%, particularly greater than about 80%, more particularly greater than about 90% of the binding affinity of a native IgG₁ Fc domain (or the trispecific antibodies of the invention comprising a native IgG₁ Fc domain) to FcRn.

In certain embodiments the Fc domain is engineered to have reduced binding affinity to an Fc receptor and/or reduced effector function, as compared to a non-engineered Fc domain. In particular embodiments, the Fc domain of the trispecific antibodies of the invention comprises one or more amino acid mutation that reduces the binding affinity of the Fc domain to an Fc receptor and/or effector function. Typically, the same one or more amino acid mutation is present in each of the two subunits of the Fc domain. In one embodiment the amino acid mutation reduces the binding affinity of the Fc domain to an Fc receptor. In one embodiment the amino acid mutation reduces the binding affinity of the Fc domain to an Fc receptor by at least 2-fold, at least 5-fold, or at least 10-fold. In embodiments where there is more than one amino acid mutation that reduces the binding affinity of the Fc domain to the Fc receptor, the combination of these amino acid mutations may reduce the binding affinity of the Fc domain to an Fc receptor by at least 10-fold, at least 20-fold, or even at least 50-fold. In one embodiment the trispecific antibodies of the invention comprising an engineered Fc domain exhibits less than 20%, particularly less than 10%, more particularly less than 5% of the binding affinity to an Fc receptor as compared to a trispecific antibodies of the invention comprising a non-engineered Fc domain. In a particular embodiment the Fc receptor is an Fcγ receptor. In some embodiments the Fc receptor is a human Fc receptor. In one embodiment the Fc receptor is an inhibitory Fc receptor. In a specific embodiment the Fc receptor is an inhibitory human Fcγ receptor, more specifically human FcgRIIB In some embodiments the Fc receptor is an activating Fc receptor. In a specific embodiment the Fc receptor is an activating human Fcγ receptor, more specifically human FcγRIIIa, FcγRI or FcγRIIa, most specifically human FcγRIIIa. Preferably, binding to each of these receptors is reduced. In some embodiments binding affinity to a complement component, specifically binding affinity to C1q, is also reduced. In one embodiment binding affinity to neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is not reduced. Substantially similar binding to FcRn, i.e. preservation of the binding affinity of the Fc domain to said receptor, is achieved when the Fc domain (or the trispecific antibodies of the invention comprising said Fc domain) exhibits greater than about 70% of the binding affinity of a non-engineered form of the Fc domain (or the trispecific antibodies of the invention comprising said non-engineered form of the Fc domain) to FcRn. The Fc domain, or the trispecific antibodies of the invention of the invention comprising said Fc domain, may exhibit greater than about 80% and even greater than about 90% of such affinity. In certain embodiments the Fc domain of the trispecific antibodies of the invention is engineered to have reduced effector function, as compared to a non-engineered Fc domain. The reduced effector function can include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following: reduced complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), reduced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), reduced antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), reduced cytokine secretion, reduced immune complex-mediated antigen uptake by antigen-presenting cells, reduced binding to NK cells, reduced binding to macrophages, reduced binding to monocytes, reduced binding to polymorphonuclear cells, reduced direct signaling inducing apoptosis, reduced dendritic cell maturation, or reduced T cell priming. In one embodiment the reduced effector function is one or more of reduced CDC, reduced ADCC, reduced ADCP, and reduced cytokine secretion. In a particular embodiment the reduced effector function is reduced ADCC. In one embodiment the reduced ADCC is less than 20% of the ADCC induced by a non-engineered Fc domain (or a trispecific antibody of the invention comprising a non-engineered Fc domain).

In one embodiment the amino acid mutation that reduces the binding affinity of the Fc domain to an Fc receptor and/or effector function is an amino acid substitution. In one embodiment the Fc domain comprises an amino acid substitution at a position of E233, L234, L235, N297, P331 and P329. In a more specific embodiment the Fc domain comprises an amino acid substitution at a position of L234, L235 and P329. In some embodiments the Fc domain comprises the amino acid substitutions L234A and L235A. In one such embodiment, the Fc domain is an IgG₁ Fc domain, particularly a human IgG₁ Fc domain. In one embodiment the Fc domain comprises an amino acid substitution at position P329. In a more specific embodiment the amino acid substitution is P329A or P329G, particularly P329G. In one embodiment the Fc domain comprises an amino acid substitution at position P329 and a further amino acid substitution at a position selected from E233, L234, L235, N297 and P331. In a more specific embodiment the further amino acid substitution is E233P, L234A, L235A, L235E, N297A, N297D or P331S. In particular embodiments the Fc domain comprises amino acid substitutions at positions P329, L234 and L235. In more particular embodiments the Fc domain comprises the amino acid mutations L234A, L235A and P329G (“P329G LALA”). In one such embodiment, the Fc domain is an IgG₁ Fc domain, particularly a human IgG₁ Fc domain. The “P329G LALA” combination of amino acid substitutions almost completely abolishes Fcγ receptor binding of a human IgG₁ Fc domain, as described in PCT patent application no. PCT/EP2012/055393, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. PCT/EP2012/055393 also describes methods of preparing such mutant Fc domains and methods for determining its properties such as Fc receptor binding or effector functions.

IgG₄ antibodies exhibit reduced binding affinity to Fc receptors and reduced effector functions as compared to IgG₁ antibodies. Hence, in some embodiments the Fc domain of the trispecific antibodies of the invention is an IgG₄ Fc domain, particularly a human IgG₄ Fc domain. In one embodiment the IgG₄ Fc domain comprises amino acid substitutions at position S228, specifically the amino acid substitution S228P. To further reduce its binding affinity to an Fc receptor and/or its effector function, in one embodiment the IgG₄ Fc domain comprises an amino acid substitution at position L235, specifically the amino acid substitution L235E. In another embodiment, the IgG₄ Fc domain comprises an amino acid substitution at position P329, specifically the amino acid substitution P329G. In a particular embodiment, the IgG₄ Fc domain comprises amino acid substitutions at positions 5228, L235 and P329, specifically amino acid substitutions S228P, L235E and P329G. Such IgG₄ Fc domain mutants and their Fcγ receptor binding properties are described in PCT patent application no. PCT/EP2012/055393, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

In a particular embodiment the Fc domain exhibiting reduced binding affinity to an Fc receptor and/or reduced effector function, as compared to a native IgG₁ Fc domain, is a human IgG₁ Fc domain comprising the amino acid substitutions L234A, L235A and optionally P329G, or a human IgG₄ Fc domain comprising the amino acid substitutions S228P, L235E and optionally P329G.

In certain embodiments N-glycosylation of the Fc domain has been eliminated. In one such embodiment the Fc domain comprises an amino acid mutation at position N297, particularly an amino acid substitution replacing asparagine by alanine (N297A) or aspartic acid (N297D). In addition to the Fc domains described hereinabove and in PCT patent application no. PCT/EP2012/055393, Fc domains with reduced Fc receptor binding and/or effector function also include those with substitution of one or more of Fc domain residues 238, 265, 269, 270, 297, 327 and 329 (U.S. Pat. No. 6,737,056). Such Fc mutants include Fc mutants with substitutions at two or more of amino acid positions 265, 269, 270, 297 and 327, including the so-called “DANA” Fc mutant with substitution of residues 265 and 297 to alanine (U.S. Pat. No. 7,332,581).

Mutant Fc domains can be prepared by amino acid deletion, substitution, insertion or modification using genetic or chemical methods well known in the art. Genetic methods may include site-specific mutagenesis of the encoding DNA sequence, PCR, gene synthesis, and the like. The correct nucleotide changes can be verified for example by sequencing.

Binding to Fc receptors can be easily determined e.g. by ELISA, or by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) using standard instrumentation such as a BIAcore instrument (GE Healthcare), and Fc receptors such as may be obtained by recombinant expression. A suitable such binding assay is described herein. Alternatively, binding affinity of Fc domains or cell activating trispecific antigen binding molecules comprising an Fc domain for Fc receptors may be evaluated using cell lines known to express particular Fc receptors, such as human NK cells expressing FcγIIIa receptor.

Effector function of an Fc domain, or trispecific antibodies of the invention comprising an Fc domain, can be measured by methods known in the art. A suitable assay for measuring ADCC is described herein. Other examples of in vitro assays to assess ADCC activity of a molecule of interest are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,500,362; Hellstrom et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83, 7059-7063 (1986) and Hellstrom et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82, 1499-1502 (1985); U.S. Pat. No. 5,821,337; Bruggemann et al., J Exp Med 166, 1351-1361 (1987). Alternatively, non-radioactive assays methods may be employed (see, for example, ACTI™ non-radioactive cytotoxicity assay for flow cytometry (CellTechnology, Inc. Mountain View, Calif.); and CytoTox 96® non-radioactive cytotoxicity assay (Promega, Madison, Wis.)). Useful effector cells for such assays include peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and Natural Killer (NK) cells. Alternatively, or additionally, ADCC activity of the molecule of interest may be assessed in vivo, e.g. in a animal model such as that disclosed in Clynes et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95, 652-656 (1998).

In some embodiments, binding of the Fc domain to a complement component, specifically to C1q, is reduced. Accordingly, in some embodiments wherein the Fc domain is engineered to have reduced effector function, said reduced effector function includes reduced CDC. C1q binding assays may be carried out to determine whether the trispecific antibodies of the invention is able to bind C1q and hence has CDC activity. See e.g., C1q and C3c binding ELISA in WO 2006/029879 and WO 2005/100402. To assess complement activation, a CDC assay may be performed (see, for example, Gazzano-Santoro et al., J Immunol Methods 202, 163 (1996); Cragg et al., Blood 101, 1045-1052 (2003); and Cragg and Glennie, Blood 103, 2738-2743 (2004)).

The following section describes preferred embodiments of the trispecific antibodies of the invention comprising Fc domain modifications reducing Fc receptor binding and/or effector function.

G. Antibody Variants

In certain embodiments, amino acid sequence variants of the trispecific antibodies provided herein are contemplated, in addition to those described above. For example, it may be desirable to improve the binding affinity and/or other biological properties of the trispecific antibody. Amino acid sequence variants of a trispecific antibody may be prepared by introducing appropriate modifications into the nucleotide sequence encoding the trispecific antibody, or by peptide synthesis. Such modifications include, for example, deletions from, and/or insertions into and/or substitutions of residues within the amino acid sequences of the antibody. Any combination of deletion, insertion, and substitution can be made to arrive at the final construct, provided that the final construct possesses the desired characteristics, e.g., antigen-binding.

1. Substitution, Insertion, and Deletion Variants

In certain embodiments, antibody variants having one or more amino acid substitutions are provided. Sites of interest for substitutional mutagenesis include the HVRs and FRs. Conservative substitutions are shown in Table B under the heading of “conservative substitutions.” More substantial changes are provided in Table B under the heading of “exemplary substitutions,” and as further described below in reference to amino acid side chain classes. Amino acid substitutions may be introduced into an antibody of interest and the products screened for a desired activity, e.g., retained/improved antigen binding, decreased immunogenicity, or improved ADCC or CDC.

TABLE B Original Exemplary Preferred Residue Substitutions Substitutions Ala (A) Val; Leu; Ile Val Arg (R) Lys; Gln; Asn Lys Asn (N) Gln; His; Asp, Lys; Arg Gln Asp (D) Glu; Asn Glu Cys (C) Ser; Ala Ser Gln (Q) Asn; Glu Asn Glu (E) Asp; Gln Asp Gly (G) Ala Ala His (H) Asn; Gln; Lys; Arg Arg Ile (I) Leu; Val; Met; Ala; Phe; Norleucine Leu Leu (L) Norleucine; Ile; Val; Met; Ala; Phe Ile Lys (K) Arg; Gln; Asn Arg Met (M) Leu; Phe; Ile Leu Phe (F) Trp; Leu; Val; Ile; Ala; Tyr Tyr Pro (P) Ala Ala Ser (S) Thr Thr Thr (T) Val; Ser Ser Trp (W) Tyr; Phe Tyr Tyr (Y) Trp; Phe; Thr; Ser Phe Val (V) Ile; Leu; Met; Phe; Ala; Norleucine Leu Amino acids may be grouped according to common side-chain properties:

(1) hydrophobic: Norleucine, Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile;

(2) neutral hydrophilic: Cys, Ser, Thr, Asn, Gln;

(3) acidic: Asp, Glu;

(4) basic: His, Lys, Arg;

(5) residues that influence chain orientation: Gly, Pro;

(6) aromatic: Trp, Tyr, Phe.

Non-conservative substitutions will entail exchanging a member of one of these classes for another class.

One type of substitutional variant involves substituting one or more hypervariable region residues of a parent antibody (e.g. a humanized or human antibody). Generally, the resulting variant(s) selected for further study will have modifications (e.g., improvements) in certain biological properties (e.g., increased affinity, reduced immunogenicity) relative to the parent antibody and/or will have substantially retained certain biological properties of the parent antibody. An exemplary substitutional variant is an affinity matured antibody, which may be conveniently generated, e.g., using phage display-based affinity maturation techniques such as those described herein. Briefly, one or more HVR residues are mutated and the variant antibodies displayed on phage and screened for a particular biological activity (e.g. binding affinity).

Alterations (e.g., substitutions) may be made in HVRs, e.g., to improve antibody affinity. Such alterations may be made in HVR “hotspots,” i.e., residues encoded by codons that undergo mutation at high frequency during the somatic maturation process (see, e.g., Chowdhury, Methods Mol. Biol. 207:179-196 (2008)), and/or SDRs (a-CDRs), with the resulting variant VH or VL being tested for binding affinity. Affinity maturation by constructing and reselecting from secondary libraries has been described, e.g., in Hoogenboom et al. in Methods in Molecular Biology 178:1-37 (O'Brien et al., ed., Human Press, Totowa, N.J., (2001).) In some embodiments of affinity maturation, diversity is introduced into the variable genes chosen for maturation by any of a variety of methods (e.g., error-prone PCR, chain shuffling, or oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis). A secondary library is then created. The library is then screened to identify any antibody variants with the desired affinity. Another method to introduce diversity involves HVR-directed approaches, in which several HVR residues (e.g., 4-6 residues at a time) are randomized. HVR residues involved in antigen binding may be specifically identified, e.g., using alanine scanning mutagenesis or modeling. CDR-H3 and CDR-L3 in particular are often targeted.

In certain embodiments, substitutions, insertions, or deletions may occur within one or more HVRs so long as such alterations do not substantially reduce the ability of the antibody to bind antigen. For example, conservative alterations (e.g., conservative substitutions as provided herein) that do not substantially reduce binding affinity may be made in HVRs. Such alterations may be outside of HVR “hotspots” or SDRs. In certain embodiments of the variant VH and VL sequences provided above, each HVR either is unaltered, or contains no more than one, two or three amino acid substitutions.

A useful method for identification of residues or regions of an antibody that may be targeted for mutagenesis is called “alanine scanning mutagenesis” as described by Cunningham and Wells (1989) Science, 244:1081-1085. In this method, a residue or group of target residues (e.g., charged residues such as arg, asp, his, lys, and glu) are identified and replaced by a neutral or negatively charged amino acid (e.g., alanine or polyalanine) to determine whether the interaction of the antibody with antigen is affected. Further substitutions may be introduced at the amino acid locations demonstrating functional sensitivity to the initial substitutions. Alternatively, or additionally, a crystal structure of an antigen-antibody complex to identify contact points between the antibody and antigen. Such contact residues and neighboring residues may be targeted or eliminated as candidates for substitution. Variants may be screened to determine whether they contain the desired properties.

Amino acid sequence insertions include amino- and/or carboxyl-terminal fusions ranging in length from one residue to polypeptides containing a hundred or more residues, as well as intrasequence insertions of single or multiple amino acid residues. Examples of terminal insertions include an antibody with an N-terminal methionyl residue. Other insertional variants of the antibody molecule include the fusion to the N- or C-terminus of the antibody to an enzyme (e.g. for ADEPT) or a polypeptide which increases the serum half-life of the antibody.

2. Glycosylation Variants

In certain embodiments, a trispecific antibody provided herein is altered to increase or decrease the extent to which the antibody is glycosylated. Addition or deletion of glycosylation sites to an antibody may be conveniently accomplished by altering the amino acid sequence such that one or more glycosylation sites is created or removed.

Where the trispecific antibody comprises an Fc region, the carbohydrate attached thereto may be altered. Native antibodies produced by mammalian cells typically comprise a branched, biantennary oligosaccharide that is generally attached by an N-linkage to Asn297 of the CH2 domain of the Fc region. See, e.g., Wright et al. TIBTECH 15:26-32 (1997). The oligosaccharide may include various carbohydrates, e.g., mannose, N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc), galactose, and sialic acid, as well as a fucose attached to a GlcNAc in the “stem” of the biantennary oligosaccharide structure. In some embodiments, modifications of the oligosaccharide in a trispecific antibody of the invention may be made in order to create antibody variants with certain improved properties.

In one embodiment, trispecific antibody variants are provided having a carbohydrate structure that lacks fucose attached (directly or indirectly) to an Fc region. For example, the amount of fucose in such antibody may be from 1% to 80%, from 1% to 65%, from 5% to 65% or from 20% to 40%. The amount of fucose is determined by calculating the average amount of fucose within the sugar chain at Asn297, relative to the sum of all glycostructures attached to Asn 297 (e. g. complex, hybrid and high mannose structures) as measured by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, as described in WO 2008/077546, for example. Asn297 refers to the asparagine residue located at about position 297 in the Fc region (Eu numbering of Fc region residues); however, Asn297 may also be located about ±3 amino acids upstream or downstream of position 297, i.e., between positions 294 and 300, due to minor sequence variations in antibodies. Such fucosylation variants may have improved ADCC function. See, e.g., US Patent Publication Nos. US 2003/0157108 (Presta, L.); US 2004/0093621 (Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd). Examples of publications related to “defucosylated” or “fucose-deficient” antibody variants include: US 2003/0157108; WO 2000/61739; WO 2001/29246; US 2003/0115614; US 2002/0164328; US 2004/0093621; US 2004/0132140; US 2004/0110704; US 2004/0110282; US 2004/0109865; WO 2003/085119; WO 2003/084570; WO 2005/035586; WO 2005/035778; WO2005/053742; WO2002/031140; Okazaki et al. J. Mol. Biol. 336:1239-1249 (2004); Yamane-Ohnuki et al. Biotech. Bioeng. 87: 614 (2004). Examples of cell lines capable of producing defucosylated antibodies include Lec13 CHO cells deficient in protein fucosylation (Ripka et al. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 249:533-545 (1986); US Pat Appl No US 2003/0157108 A1, Presta, L; and WO 2004/056312 A1, Adams et al., especially at Example 11), and knockout cell lines, such as alpha-1,6-fucosyltransferase gene, FUT8, knockout CHO cells (see, e.g., Yamane-Ohnuki et al. Biotech. Bioeng. 87: 614 (2004); Kanda, Y. et al., Biotechnol. Bioeng., 94(4):680-688 (2006); and WO2003/085107).

Trispecific antibodies variants are further provided with bisected oligosaccharides, e.g., in which a biantennary oligosaccharide attached to the Fc region of the trispecific antibody is bisected by GlcNAc. Such trispecific antibody variants may have reduced fucosylation and/or improved ADCC function. Examples of such antibody variants are described, e.g., in WO 2003/011878 (Jean-Mairet et al.); U.S. Pat. No. 6,602,684 (Umana et al.); and US 2005/0123546 (Umana et al.). Antibody variants with at least one galactose residue in the oligosaccharide attached to the Fc region are also provided. Such antibody variants may have improved CDC function. Such antibody variants are described, e.g., in WO 1997/30087 (Patel et al.); WO 1998/58964 (Raju, S.); and WO 1999/22764 (Raju, S.).

3. Cysteine Engineered Antibody Variants

In certain embodiments, it may be desirable to create cysteine engineered trispecific antibodies, e.g., “thioMAbs,” in which one or more residues of a trispecific antibody are substituted with cysteine residues. In particular embodiments, the substituted residues occur at accessible sites of the trispecific antibody. By substituting those residues with cysteine, reactive thiol groups are thereby positioned at accessible sites of the antibody and may be used to conjugate the antibody to other moieties, such as drug moieties or linker-drug moieties, to create an immunoconjugate. In certain embodiments, any one or more of the following residues may be substituted with cysteine: V205 (Kabat numbering) of the light chain; A118 (EU numbering) of the heavy chain; and 5400 (EU numbering) of the heavy chain Fc region. Cysteine engineered antibodies may be generated as described, e.g., in U.S. Pat. No. 7,521,541.

H. Recombinant Methods and Compositions

Trispecific antibodies of the invention may be obtained, for example, by solid-state peptide synthesis (e.g. Merrifield solid phase synthesis) or recombinant production. For recombinant production one or more polynucleotide encoding the trispecific antibodies (or fragments), e.g., as described above, is isolated and inserted into one or more vectors for further cloning and/or expression in a host cell. Such polynucleotide may be readily isolated and sequenced using conventional procedures. In one embodiment a vector, preferably an expression vector, comprising one or more of the polynucleotides of the invention is provided. Methods which are well known to those skilled in the art can be used to construct expression vectors containing the coding sequence of a trispecific antibody (fragment) along with appropriate transcriptional/translational control signals. These methods include in vitro recombinant DNA techniques, synthetic techniques and in vivo recombination/genetic recombination. See, for example, the techniques described in Maniatis et al., MOLECULAR CLONING: A LABORATORY MANUAL, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, N.Y. (1989); and Ausubel et al., CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, Greene Publishing Associates and Wiley Interscience, N.Y (1989). The expression vector can be part of a plasmid, virus, or may be a nucleic acid fragment. The expression vector includes an expression cassette into which the polynucleotide encoding the trispecific antibody (fragment) (i.e. the coding region) is cloned in operable association with a promoter and/or other transcription or translation control elements. As used herein, a “coding region” is a portion of nucleic acid which consists of codons translated into amino acids. Although a “stop codon” (TAG, TGA, or TAA) is not translated into an amino acid, it may be considered to be part of a coding region, if present, but any flanking sequences, for example promoters, ribosome binding sites, transcriptional terminators, introns, 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions, and the like, are not part of a coding region. Two or more coding regions can be present in a single polynucleotide construct, e.g. on a single vector, or in separate polynucleotide constructs, e.g. on separate (different) vectors. Furthermore, any vector may contain a single coding region, or may comprise two or more coding regions, e.g. a vector of the present invention may encode one or more polypeptides, which are post- or co-translationally separated into the final proteins via proteolytic cleavage. In addition, a vector, polynucleotide, or nucleic acid of the invention may encode heterologous coding regions, either fused or unfused to a polynucleotide encoding the trispecific antibody (fragment) of the invention, or variant or derivative thereof. Heterologous coding regions include without limitation specialized elements or motifs, such as a secretory signal peptide or a heterologous functional domain. An operable association is when a coding region for a gene product, e.g. a polypeptide, is associated with one or more regulatory sequences in such a way as to place expression of the gene product under the influence or control of the regulatory sequence(s). Two DNA fragments (such as a polypeptide coding region and a promoter associated therewith) are “operably associated” if induction of promoter function results in the transcription of mRNA encoding the desired gene product and if the nature of the linkage between the two DNA fragments does not interfere with the ability of the expression regulatory sequences to direct the expression of the gene product or interfere with the ability of the DNA template to be transcribed. Thus, a promoter region would be operably associated with a nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide if the promoter was capable of effecting transcription of that nucleic acid. The promoter may be a cell-specific promoter that directs substantial transcription of the DNA only in predetermined cells. Other transcription control elements, besides a promoter, for example enhancers, operators, repressors, and transcription termination signals, can be operably associated with the polynucleotide to direct cell-specific transcription. Suitable promoters and other transcription control regions are disclosed herein. A variety of transcription control regions are known to those skilled in the art. These include, without limitation, transcription control regions, which function in vertebrate cells, such as, but not limited to, promoter and enhancer segments from cytomegaloviruses (e.g. the immediate early promoter, in conjunction with intron-A), simian virus 40 (e.g. the early promoter), and retroviruses (such as, e.g. Rous sarcoma virus). Other transcription control regions include those derived from vertebrate genes such as actin, heat shock protein, bovine growth hormone and rabbit â-globin, as well as other sequences capable of controlling gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Additional suitable transcription control regions include tissue-specific promoters and enhancers as well as inducible promoters (e.g. promoters inducible tetracyclins). Similarly, a variety of translation control elements are known to those of ordinary skill in the art. These include, but are not limited to ribosome binding sites, translation initiation and termination codons, and elements derived from viral systems (particularly an internal ribosome entry site, or IRES, also referred to as a CITE sequence). The expression cassette may also include other features such as an origin of replication, and/or chromosome integration elements such as retroviral long terminal repeats (LTRs), or adeno-associated viral (AAV) inverted terminal repeats (ITRs).

Polynucleotide and nucleic acid coding regions of the present invention may be associated with additional coding regions which encode secretory or signal peptides, which direct the secretion of a polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide of the present invention. For example, if secretion of the trispecific antibody is desired, DNA encoding a signal sequence may be placed upstream of the nucleic acid encoding a trispecific antibody of the invention or a fragment thereof. According to the signal hypothesis, proteins secreted by mammalian cells have a signal peptide or secretory leader sequence which is cleaved from the mature protein once export of the growing protein chain across the rough endoplasmic reticulum has been initiated. Those of ordinary skill in the art are aware that polypeptides secreted by vertebrate cells generally have a signal peptide fused to the N-terminus of the polypeptide, which is cleaved from the translated polypeptide to produce a secreted or “mature” form of the polypeptide. In certain embodiments, the native signal peptide, e.g. an immunoglobulin heavy chain or light chain signal peptide is used, or a functional derivative of that sequence that retains the ability to direct the secretion of the polypeptide that is operably associated with it. Alternatively, a heterologous mammalian signal peptide, or a functional derivative thereof, may be used. For example, the wild-type leader sequence may be substituted with the leader sequence of human tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) or mouse β-glucuronidase.

DNA encoding a short protein sequence that could be used to facilitate later purification (e.g. a histidine tag) or assist in labeling the trispecific antibody may be included within or at the ends of the trispecific antibody (fragment) encoding polynucleotide.

In a further embodiment, a host cell comprising one or more polynucleotides of the invention is provided. In certain embodiments a host cell comprising one or more vectors of the invention is provided. The polynucleotides and vectors may incorporate any of the features, singly or in combination, described herein in relation to polynucleotides and vectors, respectively. In one such embodiment a host cell comprises (e.g. has been transformed or transfected with) a vector comprising a polynucleotide that encodes (part of) a trispecific antibody of the invention. As used herein, the term “host cell” refers to any kind of cellular system which can be engineered to generate the trispecific antibodies of the invention or fragments thereof. Host cells suitable for replicating and for supporting expression of trispecific antibodies are well known in the art. Such cells may be transfected or transduced as appropriate with the particular expression vector and large quantities of vector containing cells can be grown for seeding large scale fermenters to obtain sufficient quantities of the trispecific antibody for clinical applications. Suitable host cells include prokaryotic microorganisms, such as E. coli, or various eukaryotic cells, such as Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO), insect cells, or the like. For example, polypeptides may be produced in bacteria in particular when glycosylation is not needed. After expression, the polypeptide may be isolated from the bacterial cell paste in a soluble fraction and can be further purified. In addition to prokaryotes, eukaryotic microbes such as filamentous fungi or yeast are suitable cloning or expression hosts for polypeptide-encoding vectors, including fungi and yeast strains whose glycosylation pathways have been “humanized”, resulting in the production of a polypeptide with a partially or fully human glycosylation pattern. See Gerngross, Nat Biotech 22, 1409-1414 (2004), and Li et al., Nat Biotech 24, 210-215 (2006). Suitable host cells for the expression of (glycosylated) polypeptides are also derived from multicellular organisms (invertebrates and vertebrates). Examples of invertebrate cells include plant and insect cells. Numerous baculoviral strains have been identified which may be used in conjunction with insect cells, particularly for transfection of Spodoptera frugiperda cells. Plant cell cultures can also be utilized as hosts. See e.g. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,959,177, 6,040,498, 6,420,548, 7,125,978, and 6,417,429 (describing PLANTIBODIES™ technology for producing antibodies in transgenic plants). Vertebrate cells may also be used as hosts. For example, mammalian cell lines that are adapted to grow in suspension may be useful. Other examples of useful mammalian host cell lines are monkey kidney CV1 line transformed by SV40 (COS-7); human embryonic kidney line (293 or 293T cells as described, e.g., in Graham et al., J Gen Virol 36, 59 (1977)), baby hamster kidney cells (BHK), mouse sertoli cells (TM4 cells as described, e.g., in Mather, Biol Reprod 23, 243-251 (1980)), monkey kidney cells (CV1), African green monkey kidney cells (VERO-76), human cervical carcinoma cells (HELA), canine kidney cells (MDCK), buffalo rat liver cells (BRL 3A), human lung cells (W138), human liver cells (Hep G2), mouse mammary tumor cells (MMT 060562), TRI cells (as described, e.g., in Mather et al., Annals N.Y. Acad Sci 383, 44-68 (1982)), MRC 5 cells, and FS4 cells. Other useful mammalian host cell lines include Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, including dhfr⁻ CHO cells (Urlaub et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77, 4216 (1980)); and myeloma cell lines such as YO, NS0, P3X63 and Sp2/0. For a review of certain mammalian host cell lines suitable for protein production, see, e.g., Yazaki and Wu, Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 248 (B. K. C. Lo, ed., Humana Press, Totowa, N.J.), pp. 255-268 (2003). Host cells include cultured cells, e.g., mammalian cultured cells, yeast cells, insect cells, bacterial cells and plant cells, to name only a few, but also cells comprised within a transgenic animal, transgenic plant or cultured plant or animal tissue. In one embodiment, the host cell is a eukaryotic cell, preferably a mammalian cell, such as a Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell, a human embryonic kidney (HEK) cell or a lymphoid cell (e.g., YO, NSO, Sp20 cell).

Standard technologies are known in the art to express foreign genes in these systems. Cells expressing a polypeptide comprising either the heavy or the light chain of an antigen binding domain such as an antibody, may be engineered so as to also express the other of the antibody chains such that the expressed product is an antibody that has both a heavy and a light chain.

In one embodiment, a method of producing a trispecific antibody according to the invention is provided, wherein the method comprises culturing a host cell comprising a polynucleotide encoding the trispecific antibody, as provided herein, under conditions suitable for expression of the trispecific antibody, and recovering the trispecific antibody from the host cell (or host cell culture medium).

The components of the trispecific antibody are genetically fused to each other. Trispecific antibodies can be designed such that its components are fused directly to each other or indirectly through a linker sequence. The composition and length of the linker may be determined in accordance with methods well known in the art and may be tested for efficacy. Examples of linker sequences between different components of trispecific antibodies are found in the sequences provided herein. Additional sequences may also be included to incorporate a cleavage site to separate the individual components of the fusion if desired, for example an endopeptidase recognition sequence.

In certain embodiments the Fab fragments forming part of the trispecific antibody comprise at least an antibody variable region capable of binding an antigenic determinant. Variable regions can form part of and be derived from naturally or non-naturally occurring antibodies and fragments thereof. Methods to produce polyclonal antibodies and monoclonal antibodies are well known in the art (see e.g. Harlow and Lane, “Antibodies, a laboratory manual”, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1988). Non-naturally occurring antibodies can be constructed using solid phase-peptide synthesis, can be produced recombinantly (e.g. as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,186,567) or can be obtained, for example, by screening combinatorial libraries comprising variable heavy chains and variable light chains (see e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 5,969,108 to McCafferty).

Any animal species of antibody, antibody fragment, antigen binding domain or variable region can be used in the trispecific antibodies of the invention. Non-limiting antibodies, antibody fragments, antigen binding domains or variable regions useful in the present invention can be of murine, primate, or human origin. If the trispecific antibody is intended for human use, a chimeric form of antibody may be used wherein the constant regions of the antibody are from a human. A humanized or fully human form of the antibody can also be prepared in accordance with methods well known in the art (see e. g. U.S. Pat. No. 5,565,332 to Winter). Humanization may be achieved by various methods including, but not limited to (a) grafting the non-human (e.g., donor antibody) CDRs onto human (e.g. recipient antibody) framework and constant regions with or without retention of critical framework residues (e.g. those that are important for retaining good antigen binding affinity or antibody functions), (b) grafting only the non-human specificity-determining regions (SDRs or a-CDRs; the residues critical for the antibody-antigen interaction) onto human framework and constant regions, or (c) transplanting the entire non-human variable domains, but “cloaking” them with a human-like section by replacement of surface residues. Humanized antibodies and methods of making them are reviewed, e.g., in Almagro and Fransson, Front Biosci 13, 1619-1633 (2008), and are further described, e.g., in Riechmann et al., Nature 332, 323-329 (1988); Queen et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86, 10029-10033 (1989); U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,821,337, 7,527,791, 6,982,321, and 7,087,409; Jones et al., Nature 321, 522-525 (1986); Morrison et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci 81, 6851-6855 (1984); Morrison and Oi, Adv Immunol 44, 65-92 (1988); Verhoeyen et al., Science 239, 1534-1536 (1988); Padlan, Molec Immun 31(3), 169-217 (1994); Kashmiri et al., Methods 36, 25-34 (2005) (describing SDR (a-CDR) grafting); Padlan, Mol Immunol 28, 489-498 (1991) (describing “resurfacing”); Dall'Acqua et al., Methods 36, 43-60 (2005) (describing “FR shuffling”); and Osbourn et al., Methods 36, 61-68 (2005) and Klimka et al., Br J Cancer 83, 252-260 (2000) (describing the “guided selection” approach to FR shuffling). Human antibodies and human variable regions can be produced using various techniques known in the art. Human antibodies are described generally in van Dijk and van de Winkel, Curr Opin Pharmacol 5, 368-74 (2001) and Lonberg, Curr Opin Immunol 20, 450-459 (2008). Human variable regions can form part of and be derived from human monoclonal antibodies made by the hybridoma method (see e.g. Monoclonal Antibody Production Techniques and Applications, pp. 51-63 (Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1987)). Human antibodies and human variable regions may also be prepared by administering an immunogen to a transgenic animal that has been modified to produce intact human antibodies or intact antibodies with human variable regions in response to antigenic challenge (see e.g. Lonberg, Nat Biotech 23, 1117-1125 (2005). Human antibodies and human variable regions may also be generated by isolating Fv clone variable region sequences selected from human-derived phage display libraries (see e.g., Hoogenboom et al. in Methods in Molecular Biology 178, 1-37 (O'Brien et al., ed., Human Press, Totowa, N.J., 2001); and McCafferty et al., Nature 348, 552-554; Clackson et al., Nature 352, 624-628 (1991)). Phage typically display antibody fragments, either as single-chain Fv (scFv) fragments or as Fab fragments.

In certain embodiments, the Fab fragments useful in the present invention are engineered to have enhanced binding affinity according to, for example, the methods disclosed in U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. No. 2004/0132066, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. The ability of the trispecific antibody of the invention to bind to a specific antigenic determinant can be measured either through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or other techniques familiar to one of skill in the art, e.g. surface plasmon resonance technique (analyzed on a BIACORE T100 system) (Liljeblad, et al., Glyco J 17, 323-329 (2000)), and traditional binding assays (Heeley, Endocr Res 28, 217-229 (2002)). Competition assays may be used to identify an antibody, antibody fragment, antigen binding domain or variable domain that competes with a reference antibody for binding to a particular antigen. In certain embodiments, such a competing antibody binds to the same epitope (e.g. a linear or a conformational epitope) that is bound by the reference antibody. Detailed exemplary methods for mapping an epitope to which an antibody binds are provided in Morris (1996) “Epitope Mapping Protocols,” in Methods in Molecular Biology vol. 66 (Humana Press, Totowa, N.J.). In an exemplary competition assay, immobilized antigen is incubated in a solution comprising a first labeled antibody that binds to the antigen and a second unlabeled antibody that is being tested for its ability to compete with the first antibody for binding to the antigen. The second antibody may be present in a hybridoma supernatant. As a control, immobilized antigen is incubated in a solution comprising the first labeled antibody but not the second unlabeled antibody. After incubation under conditions permissive for binding of the first antibody to the antigen, excess unbound antibody is removed, and the amount of label associated with immobilized antigen is measured. If the amount of label associated with immobilized antigen is substantially reduced in the test sample relative to the control sample, then that indicates that the second antibody is competing with the first antibody for binding to the antigen. See Harlow and Lane (1988) Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual ch.14 (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.).

Trispecific antibodies prepared as described herein may be purified by art-known techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, gel electrophoresis, affinity chromatography, size exclusion chromatography, and the like. The actual conditions used to purify a particular protein will depend, in part, on factors such as net charge, hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity etc., and will be apparent to those having skill in the art. For affinity chromatography purification an antibody, ligand, receptor or antigen can be used to which the trispecific antibody binds. For example, for affinity chromatography purification of trispecific antibodies of the invention, a matrix with protein A or protein G may be used. Sequential Protein A or G affinity chromatography and size exclusion chromatography can be used to isolate a trispecific antibody essentially as described in the Examples. The purity of the trispecific antibody can be determined by any of a variety of well known analytical methods including gel electrophoresis, high pressure liquid chromatography, and the like.

I. Assays

Trispecific antibodies binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R) provided herein may be identified, screened for, or characterized for their physical/chemical properties and/or biological activities by various assays known in the art.

1. Affinity Assays

The affinity of the trispecific antibodies binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R) can be determined in accordance with the methods set forth in the Examples by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), using standard instrumentation such as a BIAcore instrument (GE Healthcare), and receptors or target proteins such as may be obtained by recombinant expression. Alternatively, binding of trispecific antibody provided therein to HER2 and/or a BBB-R may be evaluated using cell lines expressing the particular receptor or target antigen, for example by flow cytometry (FACS). A specific illustrative and exemplary embodiment for measuring binding affinity is described in the following and in the Examples below.

According to one embodiment, K_(D) is measured by surface plasmon resonance using a BIACORE® T100 machine (GE Healthcare) at 25° C.

To analyze the interaction between the Fc-portion and Fc receptors, His-tagged recombinant Fc-receptor is captured by an anti-Penta His antibody (Qiagen) immobilized on CM5 chips and the trispecific constructs are used as analytes. Briefly, carboxymethylated dextran biosensor chips (CM5, GE Healthcare) are activated with N-ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) according to the supplier's instructions. Anti Penta-His antibody is diluted with 10 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.0, to 40 μg/ml before injection at a flow rate of 5 μl/min to achieve approximately 6500 response units (RU) of coupled protein. Following the injection of the ligand, 1 M ethanolamine is injected to block unreacted groups. Subsequently the Fc-receptor is captured for 60 s at 4 or 10 nM. For kinetic measurements, four-fold serial dilutions of the trispecific construct (range between 500 nM and 4000 nM) are injected in HBS-EP (GE Healthcare, 10 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCl, 3 mM EDTA, 0.05% Surfactant P20, pH 7.4) at 25° C. at a flow rate of 30 μl/min for 120 s.

To determine the affinity to the target antigen, trispecific constructs are captured by an anti human Fab specific antibody (GE Healthcare) that is immobilized on an activated CM5-sensor chip surface as described for the anti Penta-His antibody. The final amount of coupled protein is approximately 12000 RU. The trispecific constructs are captured for 90 s at 300 nM. The target antigens are passed through the flow cells for 180 s at a concentration range from 250 to 1000 nM with a flowrate of 30 μl/min. The dissociation is monitored for 180 s. Bulk refractive index differences are corrected for by subtracting the response obtained on reference flow cell. The steady state response was used to derive the dissociation constant K_(D) by non-linear curve fitting of the Langmuir binding isotherm. Association rates (k_(on)) and dissociation rates (k_(off)) are calculated using a simple one-to-one Langmuir binding model (BIACORE® T100 Evaluation Software version 1.1.1) by simultaneously fitting the association and dissociation sensorgrams. The equilibrium dissociation constant (K_(D)) is calculated as the ratio k_(off)/k_(on). See, e.g., Chen et al., J Mol Biol 293, 865-881 (1999).

2. Binding Assays and Other Assays

In one aspect, a trispecific antibody of the invention is tested for its antigen binding activity, e.g., by known methods such as ELISA, Western blot, etc.

In another aspect, competition assays may be used to identify an antibody that competes with a specific anti-HER2 for binding to HER2. In certain embodiments, such a competing antibody binds to the same epitope (e.g., a linear or a conformational epitope) that is bound by a specific anti-HER2 antibody. In another aspect, competition assays may be used to identify an antibody that competes with a specific anti-BBB-R for binding to BBB-R. In certain embodiments, such a competing antibody binds to the same epitope (e.g., a linear or a conformational epitope) that is bound by a specific anti-BBB-R antibody. Detailed exemplary methods for mapping an epitope to which an antibody binds are provided in Morris (1996) “Epitope Mapping Protocols,” in Methods in Molecular Biology vol. 66 (Humana Press, Totowa, N.J.). Further methods are described in the example section.

3. Activity Assays

In one aspect, assays are provided for identifying trispecific antibodies specific for HER2 and a BBB-R thereof having biological activity. Biological activity may include, e.g., DNA fragmentation, induction of apoptosis and lysis of targeted cells. Antibodies having such biological activity in vivo and/or in vitro are also provided. In one embodiment said activity is induction of complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). In one embodiment said trispecific antibodies induce CDC to a higher degree than pertuzumab or trastuzumab alone. In one embodiment said trispecific antibodies induce CDC to at least an about 10 times higher degree, an about 20 times higher degree or an about 30 times higher degree than pertuzumab or trastuzumab alone. In another embodiment said trispecific antibodies induce CDC to a higher degree than the combination of pertuzumab or trastuzumab. In another embodiment said trispecific antibodies induce CDC to about a 30%, 40%, 50% or 60%, or at least a 30% to 70%, or at least a 40% to 60% higher degree than the combination of pertuzumab or trastuzumab. The complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assay can be performed with non heat-treated serum or commercially available complement fractions (see e.g. Lazar, G. A. et al. Engineered antibody Fc variants with enhanced effector function. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 4005-4010 (2006)). Target cell killing can be assessed by several cell viability reagents such as Alamar Blue (Lazar, G. A. et al. Engineered antibody Fc variants with enhanced effector function. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 4005-4010 (2006), Idusogie, E. E. et al. Engineered antibodies with increased activity to recruit complement. J. Immunol. 166, 2571-2575 (2001)), CellTiter-Glo (see e.g. Zhao, X. et al. Targeting C-type lectin-like molecule-1 for antibody-mediated immunotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 95, 71-78 (2009)), LDH release (see e.g. Konishi, E., Kitai, Y. & Kondo, T. Utilization of complement-dependent cytotoxicity to measure low levels of antibodies: application to nonstructural protein 1 in a model of Japanese encephalitis virus. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 15, 88-94 (2008) and the examples disclosed herein) or calcein-AM release. In some embodiments said degree of induction of CDC is determined by a LDH release assay or a complement assay measuring binding of complement protein C1q to the antibodies of the invention bound to a cellular antigen. The CDC induction of the trispecific antibody is then compared to the CDC induction of either Pertuzumab or Trastuzumab alone, or the combination of Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab, with all values for CDC induction being assayed in the same assay, with the same cell line and the same respective antibody concentration. If performed in a microtiterplate, the capability of the trispecific antibodies and the controls (either Pertuzumab or Trastuzumab alone, or the combination of Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab) to induce CDC are preferably measured in the same microtiterplate using the same assay. Exemplary assays are disclosed, e.g. in example 18 or 19. In one embodiment said induction of CDC is determined on cancer cells, e.g. breast cancer cells.

In certain embodiments, a trispecific antibody of the invention is tested for such biological activity. Assays for detecting cell lysis (e.g. by measurement of LDH release) or apoptosis (e.g. using the TUNEL assay) are well known in the art. Assays for measuring ADCC or CDC are also described in WO 2004/065540 (see Example 1 therein), the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

J. Pharmaceutical Formulations

Pharmaceutical formulations of a trispecific antibody specific for HER2 and a BBB-R as described herein are prepared by mixing such trispecific antibody having the desired degree of purity with one or more optional pharmaceutically acceptable carriers (Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences 16th edition, Osol, A. Ed. (1980)), in the form of lyophilized formulations or aqueous solutions. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are generally nontoxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include, but are not limited to: buffers such as phosphate, citrate, and other organic acids; antioxidants including ascorbic acid and methionine; preservatives (such as octadecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride; hexamethonium chloride; benzalkonium chloride; benzethonium chloride; phenol, butyl or benzyl alcohol; alkyl parabens such as methyl or propyl paraben; catechol; resorcinol; cyclohexanol; 3-pentanol; and m-cresol); low molecular weight (less than about 10 residues) polypeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, histidine, arginine, or lysine; monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including glucose, mannose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugars such as sucrose, mannitol, trehalose or sorbitol; salt-forming counter-ions such as sodium; metal complexes (e.g. Zn-protein complexes); and/or non-ionic surfactants such as polyethylene glycol (PEG). Exemplary pharmaceutically acceptable carriers herein further include insterstitial drug dispersion agents such as soluble neutral-active hyaluronidase glycoproteins (sHASEGP), for example, human soluble PH-20 hyaluronidase glycoproteins, such as rHuPH20 (HYLENEX®, Baxter International, Inc.). Certain exemplary sHASEGPs and methods of use, including rHuPH20, are described in US Patent Publication Nos. 2005/0260186 and 2006/0104968. In one aspect, a sHASEGP is combined with one or more additional glycosaminoglycanases such as chondroitinases.

Exemplary lyophilized antibody formulations are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,267,958. Aqueous antibody formulations include those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,171,586 and WO2006/044908, the latter formulations including a histidine-acetate buffer.

The formulation herein may also contain more than one active ingredients as necessary for the particular indication being treated, preferably those with complementary activities that do not adversely affect each other. Such active ingredients are suitably present in combination in amounts that are effective for the purpose intended.

Active ingredients may be entrapped in microcapsules prepared, for example, by coacervation techniques or by interfacial polymerization, for example, hydroxymethylcellulose or gelatin-microcapsules and poly-(methylmethacylate) microcapsules, respectively, in colloidal drug delivery systems (for example, liposomes, albumin microspheres, microemulsions, nano-particles and nanocapsules) or in macroemulsions. Such techniques are disclosed in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences 16th edition, Osol, A. Ed. (1980).

Sustained-release preparations may be prepared. Suitable examples of sustained-release preparations include semipermeable matrices of solid hydrophobic polymers containing the antibody, which matrices are in the form of shaped articles, e.g. films, or microcapsules.

The formulations to be used for in vivo administration are generally sterile. Sterility may be readily accomplished, e.g., by filtration through sterile filtration membranes.

K. Therapeutic Methods and Compositions

Any of the trispecific antibodies specific for HER2 and a BBB-R provided herein may be used in therapeutic methods.

In one aspect, a trispecific antibody specific for HER2 and a BBB-R for use as a medicament is provided. In further aspects, a trispecific antibody specific for HER2 and a BBB-R for use in treating cancer is provided. In certain embodiments, a trispecific antibody specific for HER2 and a BBB-R for use in a method of treatment is provided. In certain embodiments, the invention provides a trispecific antibody specific for HER2 and a BBB-R for use in a method of treating an individual having cancer comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of the trispecific antibody specific for HER2 and a BBB-R. In one such embodiment, the method further comprises administering to the individual an effective amount of at least one additional therapeutic agent, e.g., as described below. An “individual” according to any of the above embodiments is preferably a human.

In a further aspect, the invention provides for the use of a trispecific antibody specific for HER2 and a BBB-R in the manufacture or preparation of a medicament. In one embodiment, the medicament is for treatment of cancer. In one embodiment said cancer is HER2-positive cancer with brain metastases. In a further embodiment, the medicament is for use in a method of treating cancer comprising administering to an individual having cancer an effective amount of the medicament. In one such embodiment, the method further comprises administering to the individual an effective amount of at least one additional therapeutic agent, e.g., as described below. An “individual” according to any of the above embodiments may be a human.

In a further aspect, the invention provides a method for treating cancer. In one embodiment, the method comprises administering to an individual having cancer an effective amount of a trispecific antibody specific for HER2 and a BBB-R. In one such embodiment, the method further comprises administering to the individual an effective amount of at least one additional therapeutic agent, as described below. An “individual” according to any of the above embodiments may be a human.

In a further aspect, the invention provides pharmaceutical formulations comprising any of the trispecific antibodies specific for HER2 and a BBB-R provided herein, e.g., for use in any of the above therapeutic methods. In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical formulation comprises any of the trispecific antibodies specific for HER2 and a BBB-R provided herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In another embodiment, a pharmaceutical formulation comprises any of the trispecific antibodies specific for HER2 and a BBB-R provided herein and at least one additional therapeutic agent, e.g., as described below.

A trispecific antibody of the invention can be administered by any suitable means, including parenteral, intrapulmonary, and intranasal, and, if desired for local treatment, intralesional administration. Parenteral infusions include intramuscular, intravenous, intraarterial, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous administration. Dosing can be by any suitable route, e.g. by injections, such as intravenous or subcutaneous injections, depending in part on whether the administration is brief or chronic. Various dosing schedules including but not limited to single or multiple administrations over various time-points, bolus administration, and pulse infusion are contemplated herein.

Trispecific antibodies of the invention would be formulated, dosed, and administered in a fashion consistent with good medical practice. Factors for consideration in this context include the particular disorder being treated, the particular mammal being treated, the clinical condition of the individual patient, the cause of the disorder, the site of delivery of the agent, the method of administration, the scheduling of administration, and other factors known to medical practitioners. The trispecific antibody need not be, but is optionally formulated with one or more agents currently used to prevent or treat the disorder in question. The effective amount of such other agents depends on the amount of antibody present in the formulation, the type of disorder or treatment, and other factors discussed above. These are generally used in the same dosages and with administration routes as described herein, or about from 1 to 99% of the dosages described herein, or in any dosage and by any route that is empirically/clinically determined to be appropriate.

For the prevention or treatment of disease, the appropriate dosage of a trispecific antibody of the invention will depend on the type of disease to be treated, the type of antibody, the severity and course of the disease, whether the trispecific antibody is administered for preventive or therapeutic purposes, previous therapy, the patient's clinical history and response to the trispecific antibody, and the discretion of the attending physician. The trispecific antibody is suitably administered to the patient at one time or over a series of treatments. Depending on the type and severity of the disease, about 1 μg/kg to 15 mg/kg (e.g. 0.1 mg/kg-10 mg/kg) of the trispecific antibody can be an initial candidate dosage for administration to the patient, whether, for example, by one or more separate administrations, or by continuous infusion. One typical daily dosage might range from about 1 μg/kg to 100 mg/kg or more, depending on the factors mentioned above. For repeated administrations over several days or longer, depending on the condition, the treatment would generally be sustained until a desired suppression of disease symptoms occurs. One exemplary dosage of the trispecific antibody would be in the range from about 0.05 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg. Thus, one or more doses of about 0.5 mg/kg, 2.0 mg/kg, 4.0 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg may be administered to the patient. Such doses may be administered intermittently, e.g. every week or every three weeks (e.g. such that the patient receives from about two to about twenty, or e.g. about six doses of the trispecific antibody). An initial higher loading dose, followed by one or more lower doses may be administered. However, other dosage regimens may be useful. The progress of this therapy is easily monitored by conventional techniques and assays.

It is understood that any of the above formulations or therapeutic methods may be carried out using an immunoconjugate of the invention in place of or in addition to a trispecific antibody specific for HER2 and a BBB-R of the invention.

L. Articles of Manufacture

In another aspect of the invention, an article of manufacture containing materials useful for the treatment, prevention and/or diagnosis of the disorders described above is provided. The article of manufacture comprises a container and a label or package insert on or associated with the container. Suitable containers include, for example, bottles, vials, syringes, IV solution bags, etc. The containers may be formed from a variety of materials such as glass or plastic. The container holds a composition which is by itself or combined with another composition effective for treating, preventing and/or diagnosing the condition and may have a sterile access port (for example the container may be an intravenous solution bag or a vial having a stopper pierceable by a hypodermic injection needle). At least one active agent in the composition is a trispecific antibody of the invention. The label or package insert indicates that the composition is used for treating the condition of choice. Moreover, the article of manufacture may comprise (a) a first container with a composition contained therein, wherein the composition comprises a trispecific antibody of the invention; and (b) a second container with a composition contained therein, wherein the composition comprises a further cytotoxic or otherwise therapeutic agent. The article of manufacture in this embodiment of the invention may further comprise a package insert indicating that the compositions can be used to treat a particular condition. Alternatively, or additionally, the article of manufacture may further comprise a second (or third) container comprising a pharmaceutically-acceptable buffer, such as bacteriostatic water for injection (BWFI), phosphate-buffered saline, Ringer's solution and dextrose solution. It may further include other materials desirable from a commercial and user standpoint, including other buffers, diluents, filters, needles, and syringes.

It is understood that any of the above articles of manufacture may include an immunoconjugate of the invention in place of or in addition to a trispecific antibody specific for HER2 and a BBB-R of the invention.

M. Immunoconjugates

The invention also provides immunoconjugates comprising an trispecific antibody specific for HER2 and a BBB-R herein conjugated to one or more cytotoxic agents, such as chemotherapeutic agents or drugs, growth inhibitory agents, toxins (e.g., protein toxins, enzymatically active toxins of bacterial, fungal, plant, or animal origin, or fragments thereof), or radioactive isotopes.

In one embodiment, an immunoconjugate is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) in which an antibody is conjugated to one or more drugs, including but not limited to a maytansinoid (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,208,020, 5,416,064 and European Patent EP 0 425 235 B1); an auristatin such as monomethylauristatin drug moieties DE and DF (MMAE and MMAF) (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,635,483 and 5,780,588, and 7,498,298); a dolastatin; a calicheamicin or derivative thereof (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,712,374, 5,714,586, 5,739,116, 5,767,285, 5,770,701, 5,770,710, 5,773,001, and 5,877,296; Hinman et al., Cancer Res. 53:3336-3342 (1993); and Lode et al., Cancer Res. 58:2925-2928 (1998)); an anthracycline such as daunomycin or doxorubicin (see Kratz et al., Current Med. Chem. 13:477-523 (2006); Jeffrey et al., Bioorganic & Med. Chem. Letters 16:358-362 (2006); Torgov et al., Bioconj. Chem. 16:717-721 (2005); Nagy et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:829-834 (2000); Dubowchik et al., Bioorg. & Med. Chem. Letters 12:1529-1532 (2002); King et al., J. Med. Chem. 45:4336-4343 (2002); and U.S. Pat. No. 6,630,579); methotrexate; vindesine; a taxane such as docetaxel, paclitaxel, larotaxel, tesetaxel, and ortataxel; a trichothecene; and CC1065.

In another embodiment, an immunoconjugate comprises an antibody as described herein conjugated to an enzymatically active toxin or fragment thereof, including but not limited to diphtheria A chain, nonbinding active fragments of diphtheria toxin, exotoxin A chain (from Pseudomonas aeruginosa), ricin A chain, abrin A chain, modeccin A chain, alpha-sarcin, Aleurites fordii proteins, dianthin proteins, Phytolaca americana proteins (PAPI, PAPII, and PAP-S), momordica charantia inhibitor, curcin, crotin, sapaonaria officinalis inhibitor, gelonin, mitogellin, restrictocin, phenomycin, enomycin, and the tricothecenes.

In another embodiment, an immunoconjugate comprises an antibody as described herein conjugated to a radioactive atom to form a radioconjugate. A variety of radioactive isotopes are available for the production of radioconjugates. Examples include At²¹¹, I¹³¹, I¹²⁵, Y⁹⁰, Re¹⁸⁶, Re¹⁸⁸, Sm¹⁵³, Bi²¹², P³², Pb²¹² and radioactive isotopes of Lu. When the radioconjugate is used for detection, it may comprise a radioactive atom for scintigraphic studies, for example tc99m or I123, or a spin label for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging (also known as magnetic resonance imaging, mri), such as iodine-123 again, iodine-131, indium-111, fluorine-19, carbon-13, nitrogen-15, oxygen-17, gadolinium, manganese or iron.

Conjugates of an antibody and cytotoxic agent may be made using a variety of bifunctional protein coupling agents such as N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (SPDP), succinimidyl-4-(N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC), iminothiolane (IT), bifunctional derivatives of imidoesters (such as dimethyl adipimidate HCl), active esters (such as disuccinimidyl suberate), aldehydes (such as glutaraldehyde), bis-azido compounds (such as bis (p-azidobenzoyl) hexanediamine), bis-diazonium derivatives (such as bis-(p-diazoniumbenzoyl)-ethylenediamine), diisocyanates (such as toluene 2,6-diisocyanate), and bis-active fluorine compounds (such as 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene). For example, a ricin immunotoxin can be prepared as described in Vitetta et al., Science 238:1098 (1987). Carbon-14-labeled 1-isothiocyanatobenzyl-3-methyldiethylene triaminepentaacetic acid (MX-DTPA) is an exemplary chelating agent for conjugation of radionucleotide to the antibody. See WO94/11026. The linker may be a “cleavable linker” facilitating release of a cytotoxic drug in the cell. For example, an acid-labile linker, peptidase-sensitive linker, photolabile linker, dimethyl linker or disulfide-containing linker (Chari et al., Cancer Res. 52:127-131 (1992); U.S. Pat. No. 5,208,020) may be used.

The immunuoconjugates or ADCs herein expressly contemplate, but are not limited to such conjugates prepared with cross-linker reagents including, but not limited to, BMPS, EMCS, GMBS, HBVS, LC-SMCC, MBS, MPBH, SBAP, SIA, SIAB, SMCC, SMPB, SMPH, sulfo-EMCS, sulfo-GMBS, sulfo-KMUS, sulfo-MBS, sulfo-SIAB, sulfo-SMCC, and sulfo-SMPB, and SVSB (succinimidyl-(4-vinylsulfone)benzoate) which are commercially available (e.g., from Pierce Biotechnology, Inc., Rockford, Ill., U.S.A).

III. Examples

The following are examples of methods and compositions of the invention. It is understood that various other embodiments may be practiced, given the general description provided above.

Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail by way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity of understanding, the descriptions and examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. The disclosures of all patent and scientific literature cited herein are expressly incorporated in their entirety by reference.

Example 1: Materials and Methods

Unless stated otherwise the following general methods have been applied:

Recombinant DNA Techniques

Standard methods were used to manipulate DNA as described in Sambrook, J. et al., Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1989. The molecular biological reagents were used according to the manufacturer's instructions.

DNA and Protein Sequence Analysis and Sequence Data Management

General information regarding the nucleotide sequences of human immunoglobulins light and heavy chains is given in: Kabat, E., A., et al., (1991) Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Fifth Ed., NIH Publication No 91-3242. Amino acids of antibody chains are numbered according to EU numbering (Edelman, G. M., et al., PNAS 63 (1969) 78-85; Kabat, E. A., et al., (1991) Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Fifth Ed., NIH Publication No 91-3242). The GCG's (Genetics Computer Group, Madison, Wis.) software package version 10.2 and Infomax's Vector NTI Advance suite version 8.0 was used for sequence creation, mapping, analysis, annotation and illustration.

DNA Sequencing

DNA sequences were determined by double strand sequencing performed at SequiServe (Vaterstetten, Germany) and Geneart AG (Regensburg, Germany).

Example 2: Generation of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab Bispecific Antibodies in a 2+2 IgG-scFv Format

Gene Synthesis

Desired gene segments were prepared by Geneart AG (Regensburg, Germany) from synthetic oligonucleotides and PCR products by automated gene synthesis. The gene segments which are flanked by singular restriction endonuclease cleavage sites were cloned into pGA18 (ampR) plasmids. The plasmid DNA was purified from transformed bacteria and concentration determined by UV spectroscopy. The DNA sequence of the subcloned gene fragments was confirmed by DNA sequencing.

Construction of the Expression Plasmids

The following expression vector was used for the construction of all heavy and light chain encoding expression plasmids. The vector is composed of the following elements:

-   -   a hygromycin resistance gene as a selection marker,     -   an origin of replication, oriP, of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV),     -   an origin of replication from the vector pUC18 which allows         replication of this plasmid in E. coli     -   a beta-lactamase gene which confers ampicillin resistance in E.         coli,     -   the immediate early enhancer and promoter from the human         cytomegalovirus (HCMV),     -   the human 1-immunoglobulin polyadenylation (“poly A”) signal         sequence, and

The immunoglobulin genes comprising the heavy or light chain were prepared by gene synthesis and cloned into pGA18 (ampR) plasmids as described above. Variable heavy chain constructs were constructed by directional cloning using unique restriction sites. Variable light chain constructs were ordered as gene synthesis comprising VL and CL and constructed by directional cloning using unique restriction sites. The final expression vectors were transformed into E. coli cells, expression plasmid DNA was isolated (Miniprep) and subjected to restriction enzyme analysis and DNA sequencing. Correct clones were grown in 150 ml LB-Amp medium, again plasmid DNA was isolated (Maxiprep) and sequence integrity confirmed by DNA sequencing.

Transient Expression of Immunoglobulin Variants in HEK293 Cells

Recombinant immunoglobulin variants were expressed by transient transfection of human embryonic kidney 293-F cells using the FreeStyle™ 293 Expression System according to the manufacturer's instruction (Invitrogen, USA). For small scale test expressions 30 ml of 0.5×10⁶ HEK293F cells/ml were seeded one day prior to transfection. The next day, plasmid DNA (1 DNA per ml culture volume) was mixed with 1.2 ml Opti-MEM® I Reduced Serum Medium (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif., USA) followed by addition of 40 μl of 293Fectin™ Transfection Reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif., USA). The mixture was incubated for 15 min at room temperature and added drop wise to the cells. One day post-transfection each flask was fed with 300 μl L-Glutamine (200 mM, Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany) and 600 μl feed7 containing L-asparagine, amino acids, trace elements, ammonium-Fe(III) citrate, ethanolamine, trace elements, D-glucose, FreeStyle medium without RPMI. Three days post-transfection cell concentration, viability and glucose concentration in the medium were determined using an automated cell viability analyzer (Vi-CELL™ XR, Beckman Coulter, Fullerton, Calif., USA) and a glucose meter (Accu-CHEK® Sensor comfort, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany). In addition each flask was fed with 300 μl of L-glutamine, 300 μl non-essential amino acids solution (PAN™ Biotech, Aidenbach, Germany), 300 μl sodium pyruvate (100 mM, Gibco, Invitrogen), 1.2 ml feed7 and ad 5 g/L glucose (D-(+)-Glucose solution 45%, Sigma). Finally, six days post-transfection antibodies were harvested by centrifugation at 3500 rpm in a X3R Multifuge (Heraeus, Buckinghamshire, England) for 15 min at ambient temperature, the supernatant was sterile filtered through a Steriflip filter unit (0.22 mm Millipore Express PLUS PES membrane, Millipore, Bedford, Mass.) and stored at −20° C. until further use. Large scale transfections up to 5 L were scaled linearly.

Purification of Bispecific and Control Antibodies

Bispecific antibodies were purified from cell culture supernatants by affinity chromatography using Protein A-Sepharose™ (GE Healthcare, Sweden) and Superdex200 size exclusion chromatography. Briefly, sterile filtered cell culture supernatants were applied on a HiTrap ProteinA HP (5 ml) column equilibrated with PBS buffer (10 mM Na₂HPO₄, 1 mM KH₂PO₄, 137 mM NaCl and 2.7 mM KCl, pH 7.4). Unbound proteins were washed out with equilibration buffer. Antibody and antibody variants were eluted with 0.1 M citrate buffer, pH 2.8, and the protein containing fractions were neutralized with 0.1 ml 1 M Tris, pH 8.5. Eluted protein fractions were pooled, concentrated with an Amicon Ultra centrifugal filter device (MWCO: 30 K, Millipore) to a volume of 3 ml and loaded on a Superdex200 HiLoad 120 ml 16/60 gel filtration column (GE Healthcare, Sweden) equilibrated with 20 mM Histidin, 140 mM NaCl, pH 6.0. Fractions containing purified bispecific and control antibodies with less than 5% high molecular weight aggregates were pooled and stored as 1.0 mg/ml aliquots at −80° C.

Protein Quantification

Proteins were quantified by affinity chromatography using the automated Ultimate 3000 system (Dionex, Idstein, Germany) with a pre-packed Poros® A protein A column (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif., USA). All samples were loaded in buffer A (0.2 M Na₂HPO₄.[2H₂O], pH 7.4) and eluted in buffer B (0.1 M citric acid, 0.2 M NaCl, pH 2.5). In order to determine the protein concentration an extinction coefficient of 1.62 was used for all samples.

Analysis of Purified Proteins

The protein concentration of purified protein samples was determined by measuring the optical density (OD) at 280 nm, using the molar extinction coefficient calculated on the basis of the amino acid sequence. Purity and molecular weight of bispecific and control antibodies were analyzed by SDS-PAGE in the presence and absence of a reducing agent (5 mM 1,4-dithiotreitol) and staining with Coomassie brilliant blue. The NuPAGE® Pre-Cast gel system (Invitrogen, USA) was used according to the manufacturer's instruction (4-20% Tris-Glycine gels). The aggregate content of bispecific and control antibody samples was analyzed by high-performance SEC using a Superdex 200 analytical size-exclusion column (GE Healthcare, Sweden) in 200 mM KH₂PO₄, 250 mM KCl, pH 7.0 running buffer at 25° C. 25 μg protein were injected on the column at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min and eluted isocratic over 50 minutes. Integrity of the amino acid backbone of reduced bispecific antibody light and heavy chains was verified by NanoElectrospray Q-TOF mass spectrometry after removal of N-glycans by enzymatic treatment with Peptide-N-Glycosidase F (Roche Molecular Biochemicals).

Analytical HPLC

Antibodies were analyzed using a Agilent HPLC 1100 (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, Calif., USA) with a TSK-GEL G3000SW gel filtration column (7.5 mm ID×30 cm, TosoHaas Corp., Montgomeryville, Pa., USA). 18 μl of the eluted proteins were loaded onto the column in Buffer A (0.05 M K₂HPO₄/KH₂PO₄ in 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.5) and separated based on size.

Reducing and Non-Reducing SDS-PAGE

7 μl of the eluted proteins were mixed with 2× sample buffer (NuPAGE® LDS Sample buffer, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif., USA) and another 7 μl were mixed with 2× sample buffer containing 10% reducing agent (NuPAGE® Sample Reducing Agent, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif., USA). Samples were heated to 70° for 10 min and loaded onto a pre-cast NuPAGE® 4-12% BisTris Gel (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif., USA). The gel was run for 45 min at 200V and 125 mA. Afterwards the gel was washed three times with Millipore water and stained with SimplyBlue™ SafeStain (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif., USA). The gel was destained overnight in Millipore water. FIGS. 1A-D depict schematically the different variants of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab bispecific antibodies in a 2+2 IgG-scFv format. All bispecific antibodies are bivalent for each antigen binding site and bind two different paratopes in the ErbB2/HER2 receptor (antigen1=trastuzumab specificity; antigen2=pertuzumab specificity). All bispecific antibodies in a 2+2 IgG-scFv format described herein are non frame-work grafted, non-CDR optimized, not glycoengineered and do not bear any mutation in the Fc part.

FIGS. 2A-B, 3A-B and 4A-B show exemplary size-exclusion purification graphs, SDS-PAGE analysis and analytical HPLC of variants of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab bispecific antibodies in a 2+2 IgG-scFv format. No data shown for TvAB17, TvAB13 and variants Herceptin-scFv_A to E; all variants of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab bispecific antibodies in a 2+2 IgG-scFv format were produced with the same quality.

TABLE 1a Sequences of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab bispecific antibodies in a 2 + 2 IgG-scFv format SEQ ID NO Name Sequence TvAB12_2431_TrastuzumabHCscFvOmnitarg(HC_LC) 123 Light chain diqmtqspsslsasvgdrvtitcrasqdvntavawyqqkpgkapklliysasflysgvpsrfsgs (kappa) rsgtdftltisslqpedfatyycqqhyttpptfgqgtkveikrtvaapsvfifppsdeqlksgtasvv [Trastuzumb, cllnnfypreakvqwkvdnalqsgnsqesvteqdskdstyslsstltlskadyekhkvyacevt 1016] hqglsspvtksfnrgec 124 Heavy evqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgfnikdtyihwvrqapgkglewvariyptngytryadsv chain kgrftisadtskntaylqmnslraedtavyycsrwggdgfyamdywgqgtivtvssastkgps [Trastuzumb + vfplapsskstsggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglyslssvvtvps scFv sslgtqtyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkthtcppcpapellggpsvflfppkpkdtlmis Omnitarg, rtpevtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqynstyrvvsvltvlhqdwlng RB40] keykckvsnkalpapiektiskakgqprepqvytlppsreemtknqvsltclvkgfypsdiave wesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflyskltvdksrwqqgnvfscsvmhealhnhytqkslsl spgkggggsggggsggggsevqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgftftdytmdwvrqapgk clewvadvnpnsggsiynqrfkgrftlsvdrskntlylqmnslraedtavyycarnlgpsfyfdy wgqgtivtvssggggsggggsggggsggggsdiqmtqspsslsasvgdrvtitckasqdvsig vawyqqkpgkapklliysasyrytgvpsrfsgsgsgtdifitisslqpedfatyycqqyyiypytf gcgtkveik TvAB13 [TvAb13_1330scFvTrastuzumab(LC_HC)OmnitargLC_IntronA_cDNA] 125 Light chain diqmtqspsslsasvgdrvtitcrasqdvntavawyqqkpgkapklliysasflysgvpsrfsgs [scFv rsgtdftltisslqpedfatyycqqhyttpptfgqgtkveikggggsggggsggggsevqlvesg Trastuzumab + gglvqpggslrlscaasgfnikdtyihwvrqapgkglewvariyptngytryadsvkgrftisad Omnitarg, tskntaylqmnslraedtavyycsrwggdgfyamdywgqgtivtvssggggsggggsgggg RB34] sdiqmtqspsslsasvgdrvtitckasqdvsigvawyqqkpgkapklliysasyrytgvpsrfsg sgsgtdftltisslqpedfatyycqqyyiypytfgqgtkveikrtvaapsvfifppsdeqlksgtas vvcllnnfypreakvqwkvdnalqsgnsqesvteqdskdstyslsstltlskadyekhkvyace vthqglsspvtksfnrgec 126 Heavy evqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgftftdytmdwvrqapgkglewvadvnpnsggsiynqr chain fkgrftlsvdrskntlylqmnslraedtavyycarnlgpsfyfdywgqgtivtvssastkgpsvfp (Omnitarg, lapsskstsggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglyslssvvtvpssslg RB33) tqtyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkthtcppcpapellggpsvflfppkpkdtlmisrtpe vtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqynstyrvvsvltvlhqdwlngkey kckvsnkalpapiektiskakgqprepqvytlppsrdeltknqvsltclvkgfypsdiavewesn gqpennykttppvldsdgsfflyskltvdksrwqqgnvfscsvmhealhnhytqkslslspgk TvAB16 [TVAb16_2330TrastuzumabLCscFvOmnitarg(LC_HC)] 127 Light chain diqmtqspsslsasvgdrvtitcrasqdvntavawyqqkpgkapklliysasflysgvpsrfsgs [Trastuzumb + rsgtdftltisslqpedfatyycqqhyttpptfgqgtkveikrtvaapsvfifppsdeqlksgtasvv scFvOmnitarg, cllnnfypreakvqwkvdnalqsgnsqesvteqdskdstyslsstltlskadyekhkvyacevt RB35] hqglsspvtksfnrgecggggsggggsggggsdiqmtqspsslsasvgdrvtitckasqdvsig vawyqqkpgkapklliysasyrytgvpsrfsgsgsgtdifitisslqpedfatyycqqyyiypytf gqgtkveikggggsggggsggggsevqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgftftdytmdwvrq apgkglewvadvnpnsggsiynqrfkgrftlsvdrskntlylqmnslraedtavyycarnlgps fyfdywgqgtivtvss 128 Heavy evqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgfnikdtyihwvrqapgkglewvariyptngytryadsv chain kgrftisadtskntaylqmnslraedtavyycsrwggdgfyamdywgqgtivtvssastkgps [Trastuzumb, vfplapsskstsggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglyslssvvtvps 1036] sslgtqtyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkthtcppcpapellggpsvflfppkpkdtlmis rtpevtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqynstyrvvsvltvlhqdwlng keykckvsnkalpapiektiskakgqprepqvytlppsrdeltknqvsltclvkgfypsdiave wesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflyskltvdksrwqqgnvfscsvmhealhnhytqkslsl spgk TvAB17 [TvAb17_2431_TrastuzumabHCscFvOmnitarg(LC_HC)] 129 Light chain diqmtqspsslsasvgdrvtitcrasqdvntavawyqqkpgkapklliysasflysgvpsrfsgs (kappa) rsgtdftltisslqpedfatyycqqhyttpptfgqgtkveikrtvaapsvfifppsdeqlksgtasvv [Trastuzumb, cllnnfypreakvqwkvdnalqsgnsqesvteqdskdstyslsstltlskadyekhkvyacevt 1016+ hqglsspvtksfnrgec 130 Heavy evqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgfnikdtyihwvrqapgkglewvariyptngytryadsv chain kgrftisadtskntaylqmnslraedtavyycsrwggdgfyamdywgqgtivtvssastkgps [Trastuzumb + vfplapsskstsggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglyslssvvtvps scFvOmnitarg, sslgtqtyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkthtcppcpapellggpsvflfppkpkdtlmis RB43] rtpevtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqynstyrvvsvltvlhqdwlng keykckvsnkalpapiektiskakgqprepqvytlppsreemtknqvsltclvkgfypsdiave wesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflyskltvdksrwqqgnvfscsvmhealhnhytqkslsl spgkggggsggggsggggsdiqmtqspsslsasvgdrvtitckasqdvsigvawyqqkpgka pklliysasyrytgvpsrfsgsgsgtdftltisslqpedfatyycqqyyiypytfgcgtkveikggg gsggggsggggsggggsevqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgftftdytmdwvrqapgkcle wvadvnpnsggsiynqrfkgrftlsvdrskntlylqmnslraedtavyycarnlgpsfyfdywg qgtivtvss TvAB20 [TVAb20_4441TrastuzumabLCscFvOmnitarg(LC_HC)] 131 Light chain diqmtqspsslsasvgdrvtitcrasqdvntavawyqqkpgkapklliysasflysgvpsrfsgs [Trastuzumb + rsgtdftltisslqpedfatyycqqhyttpptfgqgtkveikrtvaapsvfifppsdeqlksgtasvv scFv cllnnfypreakvqwkvdnalqsgnsqesvteqdskdstyslsstltlskadyekhkvyacevt Omnitarg, hqglsspvtksfnrgecggggsggggsggggsggggsdiqmtqspsslsasvgdrvtitckasq RB61] dvsigvawyqqkpgkapklliysasyrytgvpsrfsgsgsgtdifitisslqpedfatyycqqyyi ypytfgcgtkveikggggsggggsggggsggggsevqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgftft dytmdwvrqapgkclewvadvnpnsggsiynqrfkgrftlsvdrskntlylqmnslraedtav yycarnlgpsfyfdywgqgtivtvss 132 Heavy evqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgfnikdtyihwvrqapgkglewvariyptngytryadsv chain kgrftisadtskntaylqmnslraedtavyycsrwggdgfyamdywgqgtivtvssastkgps [Trastuzumb, vfplapsskstsggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglyslssvvtvps 1036] sslgtqtyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkthtcppcpapellggpsvflfppkpkdtlmis rtpevtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqynstyrvvsvltvlhqdwlng keykckvsnkalpapiektiskakgqprepqvytlppsrdeltknqvsltclvkgfypsdiave wesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflyskltvdksrwqqgnvfscsvmhealhnhytqkslsl spgk Herceptarg 2 + 2 OmniE 145 Heavy chain evqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgftftdytmdwvrqapgkglewvadvnpnsggsiynqrfkgrftls with scFv vdrskntlylqmnslraedtavyycarnlgpsfyfdywgqgtivtvssastkgpsvfplapsskstsggtaaI Trastuzumab gclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglyslssvvtvpssslgtqtyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkv stabilized epkscdkthtcppcpapellggpsvflfppkpkdtlmisrtpevtcvwdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevh with naktkpreeqynstyrwsvltvlhqdwlngkeykckvsnkalpapiektiskakgqprepqvytlppsrde disulphide ltknqvsltclvkgfypsdiavewesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflyskltvdksrwqqgnvfscsvmh bonding ealhnhytqkslslspgkggggsggggsevqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgfnikdtyihwvrqapgk glewvariyptngytryadsvkgrftisadtskntaylqmnslraedtavyycsrwggegfyamdywgcg tivtvssggggsggggsggggsdiqmtqspsslsasvgdrvtitcrasqdvnvavawyqqkpgkcpklliy sasflysgvpsrfsgsrsgtdftltisslqpedfatyycqqhyttpptfgqgtlweik 146 Pertuzumab diqmtqspsslsasvgdrvtitckasqdvsigvawyqqkpgkapklliysasyrytgvpsrfsgsgsgtdftlt light chain isslqpedfatyycqqyyiypytfgqgtkveikrtvaapsvfifppsdeqlksgtasvvcllnnfypreakvqw kvdnalqsgnsqesvteqdskdstyslsstltlskadyekhkvyacevthqglsspvtksfnrgec

TABLE 1b) Variants of TvAB12_2431_TrastuzumabHCscFvOmnitarg(HC_LC) with a stabilizing disulphide bond in the scFv part to reduce aggregation levels Name of molecule Disulphide position (VH-VL) Trastuzumab_scFv_WT WT Trastuzumab_scFv_A  44-100 Trastuzumab_scFv_B  45-98 Trastuzumab_scFv_C 101-46 Trastuzumab_scFv_D 103-44 Trastuzumab_scFv_E 105-43

Example 3: Proliferation Inhibition Assay with Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab Bispecific Antibodies in a 2+2 IgG-scFv Format

Cell Lines

MDA-MB 175 VII cells were maintained in DMEM/F12 medium (Gibco) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and 2 mL L-glutamine. Propagation of cell lines followed standard cell culture protocols.

The ability of the bispecific antibodies to inhibit proliferation was assessed in the cell line MDA-MB-175 VII. MDA-MB-175 VII were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium (Gibco) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, 2 mM L-glutamine. Cells in the logarithmic growth phase were detached, counted and 2×10e4 cells were seeded in 100 μL medium per well of a 96-well cell culture plate. Cells were maintained overnight in the incubator and the following day 100 μL of the respective antibodies diluted in medium were added in form of a dilution series to the cells. After a total incubation time of 6 days cell growth was assessed in an Alamar Blue (Invitrogen) assay. The assay was performed as recommended by the manufacturer.

Table 2 shows the potency of selected bispecific antibodies in the proliferation assay.

Antibody SEQ ID NO: EC50 [nM] Herceptarg WT 1.84 Herceptarg A 1.89 Herceptarg B 2.66 Herceptarg C 2.56 Herceptarg D 1.63 Herceptarg E 1.75 TvAb12 123/124 4.90 CrossMab 119/ 4.75 120/121/122 Pertuzumab 2.11 Pertuzumab + Herceptin 1.70 Herceptin 2.92

Example 4: Herceptarg Stabilisation

The aspartate isomerization site at position 98 of the heavy chain and the asparagine deamidation site at position 30 of the light chain are stability hotspots of trastuzumab. Those two positions affect the stability and integrity of the antigen binding capacity of the antibody. This problem was overcome by introducing the lyophilized formulations using either sodium succinate or histidine buffer. In order to increase stability and storage half-life we intended to replace those known sources of instability by amino acids, or amino acid stretches that should have a higher intrinsic stability. We tested herefore the replacement of Asp98 by Glu in the heavy chain and the replacement of Asn30 by Ser, as well Thr31 by Val in the light chain. Those mutations were abbreviated D98E, N30S, and T31V. T31V does not directly influence the deamidation of N30, but it was assumed that the residue adjacent on the C-terminal side of an Asparagine would influence the stability properties of a polypeptide chain.

The antibody samples were incubated over a period of either 1, 2, or 3 months at 40° C. in one of the three buffers: 40 mM Histidin, 150 mM NaCl, pH5.0, 40 mM Histidin, 150 mM NaCl, pH6.0, or 40 mM Histidin, 150 mM NaCL, pH7.4. The protein concentration during this period was always 1 mg/ml. After the indicated time points, samples were taken and shock frozen in liquid nitrogen, and then kept at −80° C. until further analysis. This analysis was carried out on a ProteOn XPR36 instrument (BioRad). Approximately 700 RU of Her2, respectively, were immobilized on 2 channels of a GLM chip using amine coupling (vertical orientation). Trastuzumab variants were measured in duplicates at 6 different analyte concentrations (100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 0 nM) by injections in horizontal orientation at 100 μl/min. Association rate were recorded for 180s, the dissociation rate for 600s. Regeneration was performed by two pulses of 10 mM glycine pH 1.5 and 50 mM NaOH for 60s at 150 μL/min (horizontal orientation). In total four different Trastuzumab variants were measured. In the first experiment (Tables 3 and 4), only the unmodified Trastuzumab and variant 602 (D98E of heavy chain and T31V of light chain) were tested. In the second experiment the unmodified Trastuzumab, variant 602 (D98E of heavy chain and T31V of light chain) and variants VH:D98E/VL: N30S VH:D98E/VL: N30T were tested (Table 5, 6, 7).

Results:

All variants show the same affinity towards recombinant Her2 antigen as the parental Trastuzumab molecule. After exposure to pH5 or pH6 at 40° C., Trastuzumab lost affinity by a factor ˜5, mainly driven by increasing the off-rate and keeping the on-rate unchanged. Variant 602 showed almost undistinguishable affinities before and after pH stress. Variant N30S had a higher affinity from the beginning compared to the parental Trastuzumab, which stayed approximately constant during the stress conditions. The variants D98E (VH) together with either N30S, N30T, or T31V (VL) were used in the further experiments. Results are shown in FIGS. 5A-B and 6A-C and the tables below.

TABLE 3 Kinetic affinity parameters of Trastuzumab variants as determined by SPR method (ProteOn instrument) after incubating the samples for 1, 2, or 3 months at 40° in 40 mM Histidin, 150 mM NaCl, pH 5.0 buffer. Each measurement was done in duplicate and both experimental values are shown. Tested were the resynthesized Trastuzumab (wt) and compared to the D98E T31V variant in the heavy and light chain, respectively (named clone 602). t0 t1 t2 pH 5 ka kd KD ka kd KD ka wt 1 2.4E+05 1.1E−04 4.3E−10 3.3E+05 1.6E−04 5.0E−10 2.9E+05 2 2.4E+05 4.4E−05 1.8E−10 2.8E+05 1.9E−04 7.0E−10 2.8E+05 602 1 2.6E+05 1.2E−04 4.6E−10 2.7E+05 2.2E−04 8.0E−10 2.9E+05 2 2.3E+05 1.3E−04 5.4E−10 2.8E+05 1.4E−04 5.2E−10 2.9E+05 t2 t3 pH 5 kd KD ka kd KD wt 1 2.6E−04 9.2E−10 2.8E+05 3.4E−04 1.2E−09 2 2.8E−04 9.9E−10 2.9E+05 3.6E−04 1.3E−09 602 1 1.7E−04 5.8E−10 3.0E+05 1.7E−04 5.8E−10 2 1.6E−04 5.3E−10 3.1E+05 1.7E−04 5.5E−10

TABLE 4 Kinetic affinity parameters of Trastuzumab variants similar to table 3. Here the samples are incubated at 40° in 40 mM Histidin, 150 mM NaCl, pH 6.0 for the same time intervals as before. t0 t1 t2 pH 6 ka kd KD ka kd KD ka wt 1 2.8E+05 9.5E−05 3.4E−10 3.0E+05 1.5E−04 5.1E−10 2.5E+05 2 2.8E+05 8.6E−05 3.1E−10 2.8E+05 2.1E−04 7.7E−10 2.6E+05 602 1 2.9E+05 1.4E−04 4.8E−10 3.0E+05 1.6E−04 5.2E−10 3.0E+05 2 2.8E+05 1.4E−04 5.0E−10 2.9E+05 1.5E−04 5.1E−10 2.9E+05 t2 t3 pH 6 kd KD ka kd KD wt 1 3.1E−04 1.2E−09 2.3E+05 4.0E−04 1.7E−09 2 3.3E−04 1.3E−09 2.4E+05 4.1E−04 1.8E−09 602 1 1.6E−04 5.3E−10 3.0E+05 1.8E−04 5.9E−10 2 1.6E−04 5.5E−10 2.9E+05 1.7E−04 5.7E−10

TABLE 5 Kinetic affinity parameters of Trastuzumab variants similar to table 3. Here the samples are incubated at 40° in 40 mM Histidin, 150 mM NaCl, pH 5.0 for the same time intervals as before. Samples included are the resynthesized Trastuzumab (wt), the D98E T31V variant in the heavy and light chain, respectively (named clone 602. This was produced in CHO instead of HEK). Also the light chain variants N30S, and N30T (both have the D98E heavy chain variant) t0 t1 t2 pH 5 ka kd KD ka kd KD ka 602 1 2.20E+05 1.40E−04 6.34E−10 2.32E+05 9.14E−05 3.95E−10 2.32E+05 CHO 2 2.32E+05 2.13E−04 9.21E−10 2.10E+05 1.54E−04 7.35E−10 2.37E+05 N30T 1 2.19E+05 2.11E−04 9.64E−10 2.21E+05 1.46E−04 6.61E−10 2.20E+05 2 2.18E+05 2.61E−04 1.20E−09 2.05E+05 1.85E−04 9.02E−10 2.01E+05 N30S * 1 2.59E+05 2.59E−19 1.00E−24 2.54E+05 1.93E−05 7.58E−11 2.49E+05 2 2.44E+05 2.36E−17 9.68E−23 2.42E+05 3.47E−05 1.43E−10 2.37E+05 wt 1 2.51E+05 1.60E−04 6.39E−10 2.30E+05 3.62E−04 1.58E−09 2.38E+05 2 2.29E+05 1.93E−04 8.43E−10 2.13E+05 2.66E−04 1.25E−09 2.26E+05 t2 t3 pH 5 kd KD ka kd KD 602 1 2.36E−04 1.02E−09 2.01E+05 9.67E−05 4.81E−10 CHO 2 2.35E−04 9.89E−10 2.08E+05 1.30E−04 6.25E−10 N30T 1 1.77E−04 8.05E−10 2.31E+05 2.87E−04 1.24E−09 2 2.02E−04 1.00E−09 2.27E+05 2.82E−04 1.24E−09 N30S * 1 1.16E−16 4.64E−22 2.54E+05 4.11E−18 1.62E−23 2 3.71E−16 1.57E−21 2.37E+05 6.06E−17 2.55E−22 wt 1 6.47E−04 2.72E−09 2.33E+05 7.72E−04 3.32E−09 2 6.88E−04 3.05E−09 2.18E+05 7.91E−04 3.62E−09 * Due to slow dissociation rates, the off-rates and the dissociation constant contain a high degree of uncertainty.

TABLE 6 Kinetic affinity parameters of Trastuzumab variants similar to table 3. Here the samples are incubated at 40° in 40 mM Histidin, 150 mM NaCl, pH 6.0 for the same time intervals as before. Samples included are the resynthesized Trastuzumab (wt), the D98E T31V variant in the heavy and light chain, respectively (named clone 602. This was produced in CHO instead of HEK). Also the light chain variants N30S, and N30T (both have the D98E heavy chain variant) t0 t1 t2 pH 6 ka kd KD ka kd KD ka 602 1 2.07E+05 9.33E−05 4.51E−10 2.30E+05 1.37E−04 5.94E−10 2.19E+05 CHO 2 2.16E+05 1.97E−04 9.12E−10 2.16E+05 2.02E−04 9.32E−10 2.07E+05 N30T 1 2.24E+05 2.45E−04 1.09E−09 2.03E+05 1.24E−04 6.10E−10 2.11E+05 2 2.31E+05 2.71E−04 1.17E−09 1.93E+05 1.57E−04 8.13E−10 2.05E+05 N30S * 1 2.56E+05 1.18E−17 4.62E−23 2.65E+05 2.77E−05 1.04E−10 2.38E+05 2 2.48E+05 8.14E−06 3.28E−11 2.51E+05 4.23E−05 1.68E−10 2.25E+05 wt 1 2.23E+05 7.43E−05 3.33E−10 2.22E+05 4.60E−04 2.07E−09 2.31E+05 2 2.23E+05 7.98E−05 3.59E−10 2.21E+05 4.03E−04 1.82E−09 2.20E+05 t2 t3 pH 6 kd KD ka kd KD 602 1 1.29E−04 5.87E−10 2.14E+05 1.50E−04 7.01E−10 CHO 2 1.52E−04 7.31E−10 2.13E+05 1.60E−04 7.50E−10 N30T 1 2.27E−04 1.08E−09 2.08E+05 2.01E−04 9.67E−10 2 2.55E−04 1.24E−09 2.03E+05 1.98E−04 9.75E−10 N30S * 1 8.97E−19 3.77E−24 2.36E+05 1.84E−05 7.80E−11 2 4.30E−17 1.91E−22 2.33E+05 3.41E−05 1.46E−10 wt 1 9.24E−04 4.00E−09 1.89E+05 9.91E−04 5.24E−09 2 9.31E−04 4.24E−09 1.78E+05 9.95E−04 5.58E−09 * Due to slow dissociation rates, the off-rates and the dissociation constant contain a high degree of uncertainty.

TABLE 7 Kinetic affinity parameters of Trastuzumab variants similar to table 3. Here the samples are incubated at 40° in 40 mM Histidin, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4 for the same time intervals as before. Samples included are the resynthesized Trastuzumab (wt), the D98E T3IV variant in the heavy and light chain, respectively (named clone 602. This was produced in CHO instead of HEK). Also the light chain variants N30S, and N30T (both have the D98E heavy chain variant) t0 t1 t2 pH 7.4 ka kd KD ka kd KD ka 602 1 2.15E+05 1.23E−04 5.71E−10 2.32E+05 1.80E−04 7.78E−10 1.97E+05 CHO 2 2.17E+05 2.08E−04 9.55E−10 2.19E+05 2.31E−04 1.06E−09 1.82E+05 N30T 1 2.46E+05 2.19E−04 8.87E−10 2.15E+05 1.86E−04 8.65E−10 2.12E+05 2 2.20E+05 2.30E−04 1.04E−09 2.00E+05 2.03E−04 1.02E−09 1.98E+05 N30S 1 2.58E+05 1.35E−06 5.25E−12 2.60E+05 2.55E−05 9.82E−11 2.43E+05 2 2.36E+05 2.24E−05 9.46E−11 2.49E+05 6.31E−18 2.53E−23 2.27E+05 wt 1 2.25E+05 7.49E−05 3.33E−10 1.99E+05 8.80E−04 4.43E−09 1.64E+05 2 2.12E+05 9.85E−05 4.65E−10 2.00E+05 8.78E−04 4.40E−09 1.67E+05 t2 t3 pH 7.4 kd KD ka kd KD 602 1 1.05E−04 5.34E−10 2.02E+05 2.24E−04 1.11E−09 CHO 2 1.33E−04 7.30E−10 2.00E+05 2.14E−04 1.07E−09 N30T 1 2.64E−04 1.25E−09 1.94E+05 1.41E−04 7.26E−10 2 2.84E−04 1.44E−09 1.73E+05 1.54E−04 8.87E−10 N30S 1 7.28E−21 2.99E−26 2.37E+05 6.30E−05 2.66E−10 2 1.24E−05 5.46E−11 2.21E+05 6.55E−05 2.97E−10 wt 1 1.35E−03 8.27E−09 1.55E+05 1.79E−03 1.15E−08 2 1.29E−03 7.72E−09 1.45E+05 1.63E−03 1.12E−08 * Due to slow dissociation rates, the off-rates and the dissociation constant contain a high degree of uncertainty.

Example 5: Binding of Trastuzumab and Trastuzumab Stabilization Variants after Stress to KPL-4 Cells

Binding

KPL-4 cells were harvested and resuspended in FACS buffer. 0.2 Mio cells were seeded into a 96 well round bottom plate. The plate was centrifuged at 400 g for 3 min to pellet the cells. The supernatant was removed and the cells were resuspended in 40 μl of the diluted antibodies. The plate was incubated for 30 min at 4° C. to allow binding of the antibodies. To remove unbound antibodies the cells were centrifuged again and washed twice with FACS buffer. To detect the antibodies the cells were resuspended in 12 μl diluted secondary goat anti-human Fc specific FITC-labeled secondary antibody (Jackson ImmunoResearch #109-096-098) and incubated again for 30 min at 4° C. Afterwards the cells were washed twice with FACS buffer, resuspended in 200 μl FACS buffer and the fluorescence was measured with BD Cantoll.

ADCC

Target cells were harvested, washed, stained with calcein (Invitrogen), resuspended in AIM V® medium (Life Technologies), and plated at a concentration of 3×10⁴ cells/well. The respective antibody dilutions were added in triplicates to the cells and incubated for 10 min before addition of the effector cells (peripheral blood mononuclear effector cells [PBMCs]). Effector (E) and target (T) cells were then incubated for the indicated time at 37° C. at the indicated E:T ratio (triplicates for all samples). After incubation the cells were washed once with PBS and then lysed with borate buffer. Calcein retention was measured in a Wallac Victor3 1420 Multilabel Counter. ADCC was calculated using the following formula:

${{Percentage}\mspace{14mu} A\; D\; C\; C} = {\left( \left\lbrack \frac{{{sample}\mspace{14mu} {release}} - {{spontaneous}\mspace{14mu} {release}}}{{{maximal}\mspace{14mu} {release}} - {{spontaneous}\mspace{14mu} {release}}} \right\rbrack \right) \times 100.}$

Spontaneous release, corresponding to target cells incubated with effector cells without antibody, was defined as 0% cytotoxicity, and maximal release (target cells lysed with 1% Triton X-100) was defined as 100% cytotoxicity. The average percentage of ADCC and standard deviations of the triplicates of each experiment were calculated.

Results are shown in FIGS. 7A-L, 8A-F, and 9A-F.

Example 6: Generation of Herceptarg CrossMab and Framework Grafting on Novel LC06 Based Framework to Achieve Less Mispairing

Gene Synthesis

Desired gene segments were prepared by Geneart AG (Regensburg, Germany) from synthetic oligonucleotides and PCR products by automated gene synthesis. The gene segments encoding heavy or light chains with C-terminal attachment of scFv antibody fragments, “knobs-into-hole” antibody heavy chains carrying S354C and T366W mutations and “knobs-into-hole” heavy chains carrying Y349C, T366S, L368A and Y407V mutations in the CH3 domain in combination with unmodified VH domains, crossed C kappa domains or scFab antibody fragments as well as unmodified antibody light chains or CH1 domain exchanged light chains are flanked by singular restriction endonuclease cleavage sites (BamHI-XbaI, BamHI-XmnI or BamHI-KpnI) and were cloned into pGA18 (ampR) plasmids. The plasmid DNA was purified from transformed bacteria and concentration determined by UV spectroscopy. The DNA sequence of the subcloned gene fragments was confirmed by DNA sequencing. All constructs were designed with a 5′-end DNA sequence coding for a leader peptide (MGWSCIILFLVATATGVHS), which targets proteins for secretion in eukaryotic cells.

Construction of the Expression Plasmids

The expression vector that was used for the construction of all “knobs-into-hole” heavy chain as well as antibody light chain encoding expression plasmids comprises the following elements:

-   -   a hygromycin resistance gene as a selection marker,     -   an origin of replication, oriP, of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV),     -   an origin of replication from the vector pUC18 which allows         replication of this plasmid in E. coli     -   a beta-lactamase gene which confers ampicillin resistance in E.         coli,     -   the immediate early enhancer and promoter from the human         cytomegalovirus (HCMV),     -   the human 1-immunoglobulin polyadenylation (“poly A”) signal         sequence, and     -   unique BamHI and XbaI restriction sites.

The immunoglobulin genes comprising heavy or light chains with C-terminal attachment of scFv antibody fragments, “knobs-into-hole” heavy chains with unmodified VH domains, crossed C kappa domains or scFab fragments as well as unmodified light chains or CH1 domain exchanged light chains were prepared by gene synthesis and cloned into pGA18 (ampR) plasmids as described. The pG18 (ampR) plasmids carrying the synthesized DNA segments and the expression vector were digested with BamHI and XbaI, BamHI and XmnI or BamHI and KpnI restriction enzymes (Roche Molecular Biochemicals) and subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis. Purified heavy or light chains with C-terminal attachment of scFv antibody fragments, “knobs-into-hole” heavy and unmodified or domain exchanged light chain encoding DNA segments were then ligated to the isolated expression vector BamHI/XbaI, BamHI/XmnI or BamHI/KpnI fragment resulting in the final expression vectors. The final expression vectors were transformed into E. coli cells, expression plasmid DNA was isolated (Miniprep) and subjected to restriction enzyme analysis and DNA sequencing. Correct clones were grown in 150 ml LB-Amp medium, again plasmid DNA was isolated (Maxiprep) and sequence integrity confirmed by DNA sequencing.

Transient Expression of Bispecific Antibodies in HEK293 Cells

Recombinant bispecific antibodies were expressed by transient transfection of human embryonic kidney 293-F cells using the FreeStyle™ 293 Expression System according to the manufacturer's instruction (Invitrogen, USA). Briefly, suspension FreeStyle™ 293-F cells were cultivated in FreeStyle™ 293 Expression medium at 37° C./8% CO₂ and the cells were seeded in fresh medium at a density of 1×10⁶ viable cells/ml one day before transfection. For transfection, DNA was prepared in 10 ml Dulbecco's PBS (PAA, Austria) using 162.5 μl of 293-Free™ Transfection Reagent (Merck, USA) and 125 μg of heavy with N-terminal attachment of scFab encoding DNA in a plasmid ratio of 1:1 with “Knobs-into-hole” heavy chain 1 and 2 and light chain plasmid DNA in a 1:1:1 molar ratio in 250 ml final transfection volume. For transfection of Cross Mabs, a plasmid ratio of 1:1:1:1, 1:1:1:2, 1:1:1:4, 1:1:1:8 of “Knobs-into-hole” heavy chain 1:unmodified light chain:C kappa domain exchanged “Knobs-into-hole” heavy chain 2: CH1 domain exchanged light chain was prepared. The CH1-VL light chain plasmid ration was used at 1×, 2×, 4× and 8× molar ratios to assess the optimization of chain pairing using a combination of CE-SDS and Q-TOF spectrometry. Antibody containing cell culture supernatants were harvested 7 days after transfection by centrifugation at 14000 g for 30 minutes and filtered through a sterile filter (0.22 μm). Supernatants were stored at −20° C. until purification. The sequences of the resulting antibodies are shown below in table 8.

Preparation of the Glycoengineered Derivatives of Bispecific <Her2GlyMab> Antibodies

Glycoengineered derivatives of bispecific <Her2GlyMab> antibodies were produced by co-transfecting HEK293-EBNA cells with the mammalian antibody heavy and light chain expression vectors using a calcium phosphate-transfection approach. Exponentially growing HEK293-EBNA cells were transfected by the calcium phosphate method. For the production of the glycoengineered antibody, the cells were co-transfected with a plasmid for a fusion GnTIII polypeptide expression and a second plasmid for mannosidase II expression, respectively. Plasmid ratios of bispecific antibodies were added as described in the material and methods section above. Cells were grown as adherent monolayer cultures in T flasks using DMEM culture medium supplemented with 10% FCS, and were transfected when they were between 50 and 80% confluent. For the transfection of a T75 flask, 7.5 (to 8) million cells were seeded 24 hours before transfection in ca 14 ml DMEM culture medium supplemented with FCS (at 10% V/V final), (eventually 250 neomycin,) and cells were placed at 37° C. in an incubator with a 5% CO2 atmosphere overnight. For each T75 flask to be transfected, a solution of DNA, CaCl2 and water was prepared by mixing 47 μg total plasmid vector DNA, 235 μl of a 1M CaCl2 solution, and adding water to a final volume of 469 μl. To this solution, 469 μl of a 50 mM HEPES, 280 mM NaCl, 1.5 mM Na2HPO4 solution at pH 7.05 were added, mixed immediately for 10 sec and left to stand at room temperature for 20 sec. The suspension was diluted with ca. 12 ml of DMEM supplemented with 2% FCS, and added to the T75 in place of the existing medium. The cells were incubated at 37° C., 5% CO2 for about 17 to 20 hours, then medium was replaced with ca. 12 ml DMEM, 10% FCS. The conditioned culture medium was harvested 5 to 7 days post-transfection centrifuged for 5 min at 210-300*g, sterile filtered through a 0.22 μm filter (or alternatively centrifuged for 5 min at 1200 rpm, followed by a second centrifugation for 10 min at 4000 rpm) and kept at 4° C.

Glycoengineered antibodies were purified and formulated as described above for the non-glycoengineered antibodies. The oligosaccharides attached to the Fc region of the antibodies were analysed as described below to determine the amount of fucose.

Framework Grafting

Rationale: Similar framework of trastuzumab and pertuzumab allows mis-pairing of light chains: Both Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab have a V_(H)III V_(L)kI framework and therefore the light chain interface affinity to both heavy chains is identical.

In order to avoid mispairing of light chains in the crossMab Herceptarg bispecific antibody, the Trastuzumab framework of “CrossMabXPer Her2GlyMab” was exchanged with the framework of the non-related antibody LC06. Trastuzumab is related to germlines hVH3_66 and hVK1D_39 whereas the antibody LC06 corresponds to germlines hVbase_VH1_1 germline and hVL_3, respectively. Pertuzumab is related to hVH3_23 and hVK1D_13 showing a very similar framework system compared to Trastuzumab.

Both germline acceptor frameworks of LC06 are different from the Trastuzumab framework, especially, the LC06 lambda light chain, compared to the Trastzumab kappa light chain. The antibody Fab crystal structure of Trastuzumab has been superimposed and the compatibility of the framewords have been structurally evaluated. CDRI, II and III of the Trastuzumab light chain were grafted onto the new Lambda framework of LC06. Mutations included were D98E and N30S, the N30S was used in favour of T31V because of the increase in affinity to the Her2 extracellular domain with the N30S modification. It was thought that any reduction of the Kd caused by the CDR grafting could be compensated by the use of the N30S mutation. Some accommodations in the acceptor frameworks were required in order to get the CDRs in their biological active conformation; for example A(LC06 lambda) at the Kabat position 71 of the light chain has been backmutated to F(Trastuzumab kappa). The original VHIII-VLkI (Kappa I family) framework of Pertuzumab was maintained. The resulting bispecific antibody is depicted as “CrossMab-CDRG Her2GlyMab”, with sequences as shown in Table 8 below.

TABLE 8 Sequences of Herceptarg CrossMab bispecific antibodies. Construct SEQ ID NO Sequence OAscFab1 Her2GlyMab scFab 133 diqmtqspsslsasvgdrvtitcrasqdynyavawyqqkpgkapklliysasflysgypsrfsg Trastuzumab srsgtdftltisslqpedfatyycqqhyttpptfgqgtkveikrtvaapsvfifppsdeqlksgtas heavy chain 1 vvcllnnfypreakvqwkvdnalqsgnsqesvteqdskdstyslsstltlskadyekhkvyac evthqglsspvtksfnrgecggggsggggsggggsggggsggggsggggsggevqlvesgg glvqpggslrlscaasgfnikdtyihwyrqapgkglewvariyptngytryadsvkgrftisadt skntaylqmnslraedtavyycsrwggegfyamdywgqgtlytyssastkgpsvfplapssk stsggtaalgclykdyfpepytyswnsgaltsgyhtfpaylqssglyslssyytypssslgtqtyi cnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkthtcppcpapellggpsvflfppkpkdtlmisrtpevtcv vvdvshedpevkfnwyydgvevhnaktkpreeqynstyryvsyltylhqdwlngkeykck vsnkalpapiektiskakgqprepqvytlppcrdeltknqvslwclvkgfypsdiavewesng qpennykttppyldsdgsfflyskltvdksrwqqgnyfscsvmhealhnhytqks1s1spgk Pertuzumab 134 evqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgftftdytmdwyrqapgkglewvadynpnsggsiyn heavy chain 2 qrfkgrftlsydrskntlylqmnslraedtavyycarnlgpsfyfdywgqgtlytyssastkgps vfplapsskstsggtaalgclykdyfpepytyswnsgaltsgyhtfpaylqssglyslssyytyp ssslgtqtyicnynhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkthtcppcpapellggpsvflfppkpkdtlm isrtpevtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqynstyrvvsyltvlhqdwl ngkeykckvsnkalpapiektiskakgqprepqvctlppsrdeltknqvslscavkgfypsdi avewesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflvskltvdksrwqqgnvfscsvmhealhnhytq kslslspgk Pertuzumab 135 diqmtqspsslsasvgdrvtitckasqdvsigvawyqqkpgkapklliysasyrytgvpsrfsg lght chain 1 sgsgtdftltisslqpedfatyycqqyyiypytfgqgtkveikrtvaapsvfifppsdeqlksgtas vvellnnfypreakvqwkvdnalqsgnsqesvteqdskdstyslsstltlskadyekhkvyac evthqglsspvtksfnrgec OAscFab2 Her2GlyMab Pertuzumab 136 evqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgftftdytmdwvrqapgkglewvadvnpnsggsiyn heavy chain 1 qrfkgrftlsvdrskntlylqmnslraedtavyycarnlgpsfyfdywgqgtivtvssastkgps vfplapsskstsggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglyslssvvtvp ssslgtqtyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkthtcppcpapellggpsvflfppkpkdtlm isrtpevtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqynstyrvvsyltvlhqdwl ngkeykckvsnkalpapiektiskakgqprepqvctlppsrdeltknqvslscavkgfypsdi avewesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflvskltvdksrwqqgnvfscsvmhealhnhytq kslslspgk Pertuzumab 137 diqmtqspsslsasvgdrvtitckasqdvsigvawyqqkpgkapklliysasyrytgvpsrfsg light chain 1 sgsgtdftltisslqpedfatyycqqyyiypytfgqgtkveikrtvaapsvfifppsdeqlksgtas vvellnnfypreakvqwkvdnalqsgnsqesvteqdskdstyslsstltlskadyekhkvyac evthqglsspvtksfnrgec scFab 138 evqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgfnikdtyihwvrqapgkglewvariyptngytryads Trastuzumab vkgrftisadtskntaylqmnslraedtavyycsrwggegfyamdywgqgtivtvssastkg heavy chain 2 psvfplapsskstsggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglyslssvvt vpssslgtqtyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkthtcppcpapellggpsvflfppkpkdt lmisrtpevtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqynstyrvvsyltvlhq dwlngkeykckvsnkalpapiektiskakgqprepqvytlpperdeltknqvslwclvkgfy psdiavewesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflyskltvdksrwqqgnvfscsvmhealhn hytqkslslspgkggggsggggsggggsggggsggggsggggsggdiqmtqspsslsasvg drvtitcrasqdvnvavawyqqkpgkapklliysasflysgvpsrfsgsrsgtdifitisslqped fatyycqqhyttpptfgqgtkveikrtvaapsvfifppsdeqlksgtasvvellnnfypreakvq wkvdnalqsgnsqesvteqdskdstyslsstltlskadyekhkvyacevthqglsspvtksfnr gee OAscFabPer1 Her2GlyMab scFab 139 evqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgftftdytmdwvrqapgkglewvadvnpnsggsiyn Pertuzumab qrfkgrftlsvdrskntlylqmnslraedtavyycarnlgpsfyfdywgqgtivtvssastkgps heavy chain 1 vfplapsskstsggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglyslssvvtvp ssslgtqtyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkthtcppcpapellggpsvflfppkpkdtlm isrtpevtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqynstyrvvsyltvlhqdwl ngkeykckvsnkalpapiektiskakgqprepqvctlppsrdeltknqvslscavkgfypsdi avewesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflvskltvdksrwqqgnvfscsvmhealhnhytq kslslspgkggggsggggsggggsggggsggggsggggsggdiqmtqspsslsasvgdrvt itckasqdvsigvawyqqkpgkapklliysasyrytgvpsrfsgsgsgtdifitisslqpedfaty ycqqyyiypytfgqgtkveikrtvaapsvfifppsdeqlksgtasvvellnnfypreakvqwk vdnalqsgnsqesvteqdskdstyslsstltlskadyekhkvyacevthqglsspvtksfnrgec Trastuzumab 140 evqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgfnikdtyihwvrqapgkglewvariyptngytryads heavy chain 2 vkgrftisadtskntaylqmnslraedtavyycsrwggegfyamdywgqgtivtvssastkg psvfplapsskstsggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglyslssvvt vpssslgtqtyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkthtcppcpapellggpsvflfppkpkdt lmisrtpevtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqynstyrvvsvltvlhq dwlngkeykckvsnkalpapiektiskakgqprepqvytlpperdeltknqvslwclvkgfy psdiavewesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflyskltvdksrwqqgnvfscsvmhealhn hytqkslslspgk Trastuzumab 141 diqmtqspsslsasvgdrvtitcrasqdvnvavawyqqkpgkapklliysasflysgvpsrfsg light chain 2 srsgtdftltisslqpedfatyycqqhyttpptfgqgtkveikrtvaapsvfifppsdeqlksgtas vvellnnfypreakvqwkvdnalqsgnsqesvteqdskdstyslsstltlskadyekhkvyac evthqglsspvtksfnrge OAscFabPer2 Her2GlyMab Trastuzumab 142 evqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgfnikdtyihwvrqapgkglewvariyptngytryads heavy chain 1 vkgrftisadtskntaylqmnslraedtavyycsrwggegfyamdywgqgtivtvssastkg psvfplapsskstsggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglyslssvvt vpssslgtqtyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkthtcppcpapellggpsvflfppkpkdt lmisrtpevtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqynstyrvvsvltvlhq dwlngkeykckvsnkalpapiektiskakgqprepqvytlpperdeltknqvslwclvkgfy psdiavewesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflyskltvdksrwqqgnvfscsvmhealhn hytqkslslspgk Trastuzumab 143 diqmtqspsslsasvgdrvtitcrasqdvnvavawyqqkpgkapklliysasflysgvpsrfsg light chain 1 srsgtdftltisslqpedfatyycqqhyttpptfgqgtkveikrtvaapsvfifppsdeqlksgtas vvellnnfypreakvqwkvdnalqsgnsqesvteqdskdstyslsstltlskadyekhkvyac evthqglsspvtksfnrgec scFab 144 evqlvesggglyqpggslrlscaasgftftdytmdwyrqapgkglewvadynpnsggsiyn Pertuzumab qrfkgrftlsydrskntlylqmnslraedtavyycarnlgpsfyfdywgqgtlytyssastkgps heavy chain 2 vfplapsskstsggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglyslssvvtvp ssslgtqtyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkthtcppcpapellggpsvflfppkpkdtlm isrtpevtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqynstyrvvsvltvlhqdwl ngkeykckvsnkalpapiektiskakgqprepqvctlppsrdeltknqvslscavkgfypsdi avewesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflvskltvdksrwqqgnvfscsvmhealhnhytq kslslspgkggggsggggsggggsggggsggggsggggsggdiqmtqspsslsasvgdrvt itckasqdvsigvawyqqkpgkapklliysasyrytgvpsrfsgsgsgtdifitisslqpedfaty ycqqyyiypytfgqgtkveikrtvaapsvfifppsdeqlksgtasvvcllnnfypreakvqwk vdnalqsgnsqesvteqdskdstyslsstltlskadyekhkvyacevthqglsspvtksfnrgec Cros sMab-XPer Her2GlyMab XPertuzumab 109 evqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgftftdytmdwvrqapgkglewvadvnpnsggsiyn heavy chain qrfkgrftlsvdrskntlylqmnslraedtavyycamlgpsfyfdywgqgtivtvssasvaaps vfifppsdeqlksgtasvvellnnfypreakvqwkvdnalqsgnsqesvteqdskdstyslsst itlskadyekhkvyacevthqglsspvtksfnrgecdkthtcppcpapellggpsvflfppkpk dtlmisrtpevtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqynstyrvvsvltvlh qdwlngkeykckvsnkalpapiektiskakgqprepqvytlppcrdeltknqvslwclvkgf ypsdiavewesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflyskltvdksrwqqgnvfscsvmhealh nhytqkslslspgk XPertuzumab 110 diqmtqspsslsasvgdrvtitckasqdvsigvawyqqkpgkapklliysasyrytgvpsrfsg light chain sgsgtdftltisslqpedfatyycqqyyiypytfgqgtkveikssastkgpsvfplapsskstsggt aalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglyslssvvtvpssslgtqtyicnvnh kpsntkvdkkvepksc Trastuzumab  96 evqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgfnikdtyihwvrqapgkglewvariyptngytryads heavy chain vkgrftisadtskntaylqmnslraedtavyycsrwggegfyamdywgqgtivtvssastkg (VH_(D98E) CH1) psvfplapsskstsggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglyslssvvt vpssslgtqtyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkthtcppcpapellggpsvflfppkpkdt lmisrtpevtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqynstyrvvsvltvlhq dwlngkeykckvsnkalpapiektiskakgqprepqvctlppsrdeltknqvslscavkgfyp sdiavewesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflvskltvdksrwqqgnvfscsvmhealhnh ytqkslslspgk Trastuzumab  86 diqmtqspsslsasvgdrvtitcrasqdvnvavawyqqkpgkapklliysasflysgvpsrfsg light chain srsgtdftltisslqpedfatyycqqhyttpptfgqgtkveikrtvaapsvfifppsdeqlksgtas (VL_(T31V )CL) vvellnnfypreakvqwkvdnalqsgnsqesvteqdskdstyslsstltlskadyekhkvyac evthqglsspvtksfnrgec CrossMab-XTra Her2GlyMab Pertuzumab 119 evqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgftftdytmdwvrqapgkglewvadvnpnsggsiyn heavy chain qrfkgrftlsvdrskntlylqmnslraedtavyycarnlgpsfyfdywgqgtivtvssasvaaps vfifppsdeqlksgtasvvellnnfypreakvqwkvdnalqsgnsqesvteqdskdstyslsst itlskadyekhkvyacevthqglsspvtksfnrgecdkthtcppcpapellggpsvflfppkpk dtlmisrtpevtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqynstyrvvsvltvlh qdwlngkeykckvsnkalpapiektiskakgqprepqvctlppsrdeltknqvslscavkgfy psdiavewesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflvskltvdksrwqqgnvfscsvmhealhn hytqkslslspgk Pertuzumab 120 diqmtqspsslsasvgdrvtitckasqdvsigvawyqqkpgkapklliysasyrytgvpsrfsg light chain sgsgtdftltisslqpedfatyycqqyyiypytfgqgtkveikrtvaapsvfifppsdeqlksgtas vvellnnfypreakvqwkvdnalqsgnsqesvteqdskdstyslsstltlskadyekhkvyac evthqglsspvtksfnrgec XTrastuzumab 121 evqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgfnikdtyihwvrqapgkglewvariyptngytryads heavy chain vkgrftisadtskntaylqmnslraedtavyycsrwggegfyamdywgqgtivtvssastkg psvfplapsskstsggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglyslssvvt vpssslgtqtyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkthtcppcpapellggpsvflfppkpkdt lmisrtpevtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqynstyrvvsvltvlhq dwlngkeykckvsnkalpapiektiskakgqprepqvytlppcrdeltknqvslwclvkgfy psdiavewesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflyskltvdksrwqqgnvfscsvmhealhn hytqkslslspgk XTrastuzuma 122 diqmtqspsslsasvgdrvtitcrasqdvnvavawyqqkpgkapklliysasflysgvpsrfsg light chain srsgtdftltisslqpedfatyycqqhyttpptfgqgtkveikssastkgpsvfplapsskstsggta algclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglyslssvvtvpssslgtqtyicnvnhk psntkvdkkvepksc Optimized Trastuzumab sequences: CrossMab-XTra Her2GlyMab and CrossMab-XPer Her2GlyMab Trastuzumab 117 evqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgfnikdtyihwvrqapgkglewvariyptngytryads VH (D98E) vkgrftisadtskntaylqmnslraedtavyycsrwggegfyamdywgqgtivtvss Trastuzumab 115 astkgpsvfplapsskstsggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglysl CH1 ssvvtvpssslgtqtyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkth Trastuzumab 118 diqmtqspsslsasvgdrvtitcrasqdvnvavawyqqkpgkapklliysasflysgvpsrfsg VL (T31V) srsgtdftltisslqpedfatyycqqhyttpptfgqgtkveikr Trastuzumab 116 tvaapsvfifppsdeqlksgtasvvellnnfypreakvqwkvdnalqsgnsqesvteqdskds CL tyslsstltlskadyekhkvyacevthqglsspvtksfnrgec Trastuzumab  20 gfnikdtyih VH CDR1 Trastuzumab  29 riyptngytryadsvkg VH CDR2 Trastuzumab  79 wggegfyamdy VH CDR3 Trastuzumab 104 rasqdvnvava VL CDR1 Trastuzumab  18 sasflys VL CDR2 Trastuzumab  19 qqhyttppt VL CDR3 CrossMab-CDRG Her2GlyMab XPertuzumab 109 evqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgftftdytmdwvrqapgkglewvadvnpnsggsiyn heavy chain qrfkgrftlsvdrskntlylqmnslraedtavyycarnlgpsfyfdywgqgtivtvssasvaaps (VHCL) vfifppsdeqlksgtasvvellnnfypreakvqwkvdnalqsgnsqesvteqdskdstyslsst itlskadyekhkvyacevthqglsspvtksfnrgecdkthtcppcpapellggpsvflfppkpk dtlmisrtpevtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqynstyrvvsyltvlh qdwlngkeykckvsnkalpapiektiskakgqprepqvytlpperdeltknqvslwclvkgf ypsdiavewesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflyskltvdksrwqqgnvfscsvmhealh nhytqkslslspgk Pertuzumab 110 diqmtqspsslsasvgdrvtitckasqdvsigvawyqqkpgkapklliysasyrytgvpsrfsg light chain sgsgtdftltisslqpedfatyycqqyyiypytfgqgtkveikssastkgpsvfplapsskstsggt (VLCH1) aalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglyslssvvtvpssslgtqtyicnvnh kpsntkvdkkvepksc Trastuzumab 111 qvqlvqsgaevkkpgasvkvsckasgfnikdtyihwvrqapgqglewmgriyptngytrya CDRG heavy qkfqgrvtmtrdtsistaymelsrlrsddtavyycsrwggegfyamdywgqgtmvtvssast chain kgpsvfplapsskstsggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglyslssv (VHCH1) vtvpssslgtqtyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkthtcppcpapellggpsvflfppkpk dtlmisrtpevtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqynstyrvvsyltvlh qdwlngkeykckvsnkalpapiektiskakgqprepqvctlppsrdeltknqvslscavkgfy psdiavewesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflvskltvdksrwqqgnvfscsvmhealhn hytqks1s1spgk Trastuzumab 112 diqltqppsysvapgqtaritcgasqdvstavawyqqkpgqapvlvvysasflysgipsrfsgs CDRG light rsgtdftltisrveagdeadyycqqhyttpptfgtgtkvtvlrtvaapsvfifppsdeqlksgtasv chain (VLCL) vellnnfypreakvqw1cvdnalqsgnsqesvteqdskdstyslsstltlskadyekhkvyace vthqglsspvtksfnrgec Trastuzumab 105 evqlvqsgaevkkpgasvkvsckasgfnikdtyihwvrqapgqglewmgriyptngytrya CDRG VH qkfqgrvtmtrdtsistaymelsrlrsddtavyycsrwggegfyamdywgqgtmvtvss (D98E, CDRG) Trastuzumab 115 astkgpsvfplapsskstsggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglysl CH1 ssvvtvpssslgtqtyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkth Trastuzumab 106 diqltqppsysvapgqtaritcgasqdvstavawyqqkpgqapvlvvysasflysgipsrfsgs CDRG VL rsgtdftltisrveagdeadyycqqhyttpptfgtgtkvtvlr (N30T, CDRG) Trastuzumab 116 tvaapsvfifppsdeqlksgtasvvellnnfypreakvqwkvdnalqsgnsqesvteqdskds CL tyslsstltlskadyekhkvyacevthqglsspvtksfnrgec Trastuzumab  20 gfnikdtyih CDRG VH CDR1 Trastuzumab 108 riyptngytryaqkfqg CDRG VH CDR2 Trastuzumab 79 wggegfyamdy CDRG VH CDR3 Trastuzumab 107 gasqdvstava CDRG VL CDR1 Trastuzumab 18 sasflys CDRG VL CDR2 Trastuzumab 19 qqhyttppt CDRG VL CDR3 Pertuzumab sequences in CrossMab-CDRG Her2GlyMab, CrossMab-XTra Her2GlyMab and CrossMab-XPer Her2GlyMab: see Pertuzumab wt (parent) sequences Table 32

Purification of Bispecific Antibodies

Bispecific antibodies were purified from cell culture supernatants by affinity chromatography using MabSelectSure-Sepharose™ (GE Healthcare, Sweden) and Superdex 200 size exclusion (GE Healthcare, Sweden) chromatography. Briefly, sterile filtered cell culture supernatants were captured on a MabSelect SuRe resin equilibrated with PBS buffer (10 mM Na₂HPO₄, 1 mM KH₂PO₄, 137 mM NaCl and 2.7 mM KCl, pH 7.4), washed with equilibration buffer and eluted with 25 mM sodium citrate at pH 3.0. The eluted protein fractions were pooled, neutralized with 2M Tris, pH 9.0 and further purified by size exclusion chromatography using a Superdex 200 26/60 GL (GE Healthcare, Sweden) column equilibrated with 20 mM histidine, 140 mM NaCl, pH 6.0. Size exclusion chromatography fractions were analysed by CE-SDS (Caliper Life Science, USA) and bispecific antibody containing fractions were pooled and stored at −80° C.

Analysis of Purified Proteins

The protein concentration of purified protein samples was determined by measuring the optical density (OD) at 280 nm, using the molar extinction coefficient calculated on the basis of the amino acid sequence. Purity, antibody integrity and molecular weight of bispecific and control antibodies were analyzed by CE-SDS using microfluidic Labchip technology (Caliper Life Science, USA). 5 μl of protein solution was prepared for CE-SDS analysis using the HT Protein Express Reagent Kit according manufacturer's instructions and analysed on LabChip GXII system using a HT Protein Express Chip. Data were analyzed using LabChip GX Software version 3.0.618.0. The aggregate content of bispecific and control antibody samples was analyzed by high-performance SEC using a Superdex 200 analytical size-exclusion column (GE Healthcare, Sweden) in 200 mM KH₂PO₄, 250 mM KCl, pH 7.0 running buffer at 25° C. 25 μg protein were injected on the column at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min and eluted isocratic over 50 minutes.

Mass Spectrometry

The integrity of the amino acid backbone of reduced bispecific antibody light and heavy chains was verified by NanoElectrospray Q-TOF mass spectrometry after removal of N-glycans by enzymatic treatment with Peptide-N-Glycosidase F (Roche Molecular Biochemicals). The amount of heavy and light chain mis-pairing was also quantified.

Surface Plasmon Resonance

Instrument: BIAacore T100 (GE Healthcare)

-   -   Software: Biacore T100 Control, Version 2.02/2.03         -   Biacore T100 Evaluation, Version 2.02/2.03     -   Biacore B3000 (Biacore)     -   Software: Biacore B3000 Control, Version 4.1.2         -   BIAEvaluation, Version 4.1.1

Assayformat Chip: CM5-Chip

Kinetic constants and resulting affinities of <Her2GlyMab>-molecules were measured for both “Trastuzumab”- and “Pertuzumab”-functionalities respectively. These two functionalities were distinguished via pre-complexation of Her2 with either amine coupled parental MAb “Trastuzumab” (FC1/2) or “Pertuzumab” FC3/4). Complex formation of parental MAb and Her2 commensed after injection of Her2 ECD.

As a consequence of pre-complexed parental MAb “Trastuzumab”/Her2 all “Trastuzumab”-binding sites are saturated, but all “Pertuzumab”-binding sites are available and vice versa. Finally the binding of the “<Her2GlyMab>”-molecules to be analyzed was measured via injections using increasing concentrations with each cycle. Association and dissociation observed were calculated with a Langmuir 1:1 binding model. To minimize dissociation of Her2 during the measurements, the kinetic constants were measured at T=25° C.

Amine Coupling of Capture Molecules

Standard amine coupling on flow cells 1 to 4 according to the manufacturer's instructions: CM5 Chip, T=25° C., running buffer: HBS-N buffer, activation by mixture of EDC/NHS, aimed at 800 RU; the parental Abs “Trastuzumab” or “Pertuzumab” were diluted in coupling buffer sodium acetate, pH 4.5, c=2-3 μg/mL; finally remaining activated carboxyl groups were blocked by injection of 1 M Ethanolamine.

Chip surface on flow cell 1 and 3 (with either amine coupled parental mAb “Trastuzumab” or “Pertuzumab”) were used as reference control surface for correction of possible buffer-effects or non-specific binding.

Kinetic Characterization of <Her2GlyMab> Molecules at 25° C.

Running buffer: PBS

All samples were diluted with running buffer+1 mg/mL BSA.

Capturing of HER2 ECD on flow cells 2 and 4: c=100 nM, flow 5 μl/min, time 120 sec. Analyte samples: A classical concentration series of the <Her2GlyMab>-molecules were analyzed at five concentrations (c=300, 100, 33.33, 11.11 and 3.7 nM.) at a flow rate of SOW/min was injected. Singles for each concentration, one as a duplicate; association time: 180 sec., dissociation time: 900 sec.

Final regeneration was performed after each cycle using 10 mM Glycin pH 2.5 for amine coupled Mab “Trastuzumab” and 25 mM NaOH for amine coupled Mab “Pertuzumab”, contact time each 60 sec, flow rate 30 μl/min.

Kinetic parameters were calculated by using double referencing (control reference: binding of analyte to Mabs Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab respectively; Flow Cell: 1 respectively 3), concentration “0” used as the blank. Calculations were performed with model ‘Langmuir binding 1:1, RI (refractive index)=0.

Results: Expression & Purification Bispecific, Bivalent <Her2GlyMab> Antibody Molecules

According the procedures described in the materials and methods above, the bispecific, bivalent <Her2GlyMab> antibody molecules OAscFab1, OAscFab2, OAscFabPer1, OAscFabPer2, CrossMab-XPer, CrossMab-XTra and CrossMab-CDRG were expressed and purified. In each molecule the VH and VL of part are based on optimized Trastuzumab sequences with mutations T31V or N30T in the variable light chain and mutation D98E in the heavy chain and the Pertuzumab parent sequence respectively. The schematic structure of the antibodies is shown in FIGS. 10A-B. The sequences are shown in Table 8 above.

Expression of <Her2GlyMab> antibody molecules OAscFab1 Her2 GlyMab, OAscFab2 Her2 GlyMab, OAscFabPer1 Her2 GlyMab, OAscFabPer2 Her2 GlyMab (all glycoengineered, Knobs-into-holes, with the Trastuzumab scFab bearing D98E and T31V mutations), CrossMab-XPer Her2 GlyMab, CrossMab-XTra Her2 GlyMab (both glycoengineered, Knobs-into-holes, with the Trastuzumab cross-Fab bearing D98E and T31V mutations), and CrossMab-CDRG Her2 GlyMab (glycoengineered, Knobs-into-holes, CDR grafted, with the Trastuzumab cross-Fab bearing D98E and N30S mutations) was confirmed by western blotting and HP-SEC (FIGS. 11A-B). Purification of OAscFab1, OAscFab2, OAscFabPer1, OAscFabPer2, CrossMab-XPer, CrossMab XTra and CrossMab-CDRG led to the yields shown in Table 9. All OAscFab constructs showed less than 90% monomer post purification, the reduced purity of these molecules could not be increased by optimization of the plasmid ratios in expression (data not shown). However, optimization of the plasmid chain ratios in expression proved to increase the monomeric fraction present post purification of the CrossMab antibodies as described below.

TABLE 9 Her2GlyMab Purification - Analysis of the percentage aggregation post protein A and SEC purification using HP-SEC and the respective protein yields calculated by UV spectroscopy A280 of the glycoengineered constructs. Purity Expression Purity post yield post post Expression protein A protein A SEC yield post Name (%) (mg/L) (%) SEC (mg/L) OAscFab1 48.4 144 90 31.6 (SEQ ID NOs 133, 134, 135) OAscFab2 41 42.9 93.6 12.6 (SEQ ID NOs 136, 137, 138) OAscFabPer1 41.6 43.4 88.8 4.6 (SEQ ID NOs 139, 140, 141) OAscFabPer2 38.2 34.2 86.7 6.6 (SEQ ID NOs 142, 143, 144) CrossMab-XTra 65.1 28.4 73 10.6 (SEQ ID NOs 119, 120, 121, 122) CrossMab-XPer 76.4 30.9 85 17.9 (SEQ ID NOs 109, 110, 96, 86) CrossMab- 73 31.5 95 11.9 CDRG (SEQ ID NOs 109, 110, 111, 112)

Example 7: Expression & Purification Bispecific, Bivalent <Her2GlyMab> Antibody Molecules Optimization of the Plasmid Ratios Used in Expression

CrossMab-XTra

According the procedures described in the materials and methods above, the bispecific, bivalent <Her2GlyMab> antibody molecule CrossMab-XTra, was expressed with molar plasmid ratios of 1:1:1:1, 1:1:1:2, 1:1:1:4 and 1:1:1:8 and purified. Expression of CrossMab-XTra was confirmed by Western blot. After Protein A purification of cell culture supernatants the construct showed at a 1:1:1:1 equimolar plasmid ratio approximately 73% of bispecific antibody with the expected molecular weight of approximately 148 kDa as detected by Q-TOF MS; 11% containing 2× Pertuzumab light chains paired with Pertuzumab and XTrastuzumab heavy chains; 9% intact XTrastuzumab antibodies (both heavy and light chains originating from XTrastuzumab) with the formation of the heavy chain hole-hole association; 4% XTrastuzumab heavy chain hole-hole association combined with Pertuzumab light chains only; and 3% XTrastuzumab heavy chain hole-hole association with 1× XTrastuzumab light chain and 1× Pertuzumab light chain.

The 1:1:1:2 plasmid ratio where the molar ratio of the crossed Trastuzumab light chain (XHerLC) was expressed 2-fold, showed approximately 81% of bispecific antibody with the expected molecular weight of approximately 148 kDa as detected by Q-TOF MS; 1% containing 2× Pertuzumab light chains paired with Pertuzumab and XTrastuzumab heavy chains; 16% intact XTrastuzumab antibodies (both heavy and light chains originating from XTrastuzumab) with the formation of the heavy chain hole-hole association; XTrastuzumab heavy chain hole-hole association combined with Pertuzumab light chains only were not detected; and 1% XTrastuzumab heavy chain hole-hole association with 1× XTrastuzumab light chain and 1× Pertuzumab light chain.

The 1:1:1:4 plasmid ratio where the molar ratio of the crossed Trastuzumab light chain was expressed 4-fold, showed approximately 64% of bispecific antibody with the expected molecular weight of approximately 148 kDa as detected by Q-TOF MS; 2× Pertuzumab light chains paired with Pertuzumab and XTrastuzumab heavy chains was not detected, however, 12% 2× XTrastuzumab light chains paired with Pertuzumab and XTrastuzumab heavy chains was detected for the first time at this ratio; 24% intact XTrastuzumab antibodies (both heavy and light chains originating from XTrastuzumab) with the formation of the heavy chain hole-hole association; XTrastuzumab heavy chain hole-hole association combined with Pertuzumab light chains only were not detected; XTrastuzumab heavy chain hole-hole association with 1× XTrastuzumab light chain and 1× Pertuzumab light chain were not detected.

The 1:1:1:8 plasmid ratio where the molar ratio of the crossed Trastuzumab light chain was expressed 8-fold, showed approximately 45% of bispecific antibody with the expected molecular weight of approximately 148 kDa as detected by Q-TOF MS; 2× Pertuzumab light chains paired with Pertuzumab and XTrastuzumab heavy chains was not detected, however, 28% 2× XTrastuzumab light chains paired with Pertuzumab and XTrastuzumab heavy chains was detected for the first time at this ratio; 27% intact XTrastuzumab antibodies (both heavy and light chains originating from XTrastuzumab) with the formation of the heavy chain hole-hole association; XTrastuzumab heavy chain hole-hole association combined with Pertuzumab light chains only were not detected; XTrastuzumab heavy chain hole-hole association with 1× XTrastuzumab light chain and 1× Pertuzumab light chain were not detected.

TABLE 10 CrossMab-XTra Her2GlyMab - Q-TOF analysis and quantification of the by-product profile of the Her2GlyMab antibody constructs comparing the optimization plasmid titration of the crossed Trastuzumab light chain (XHer LC). CrossMab- CrossMab- CrossMab- CrossMab- Detected XTra XTra XTra XTra protein Her2GlyMab Her2GlyMab Her2GlyMab Her2GlyMab species in MS 1:1:1:1 1:1:1:2 1:1:1:4 1:1:1:8 1 x XHer HC; N.D. N.D. ~12% ~28% 1 x Per HC; 2 x XHer LC 2 x XHer HC; ~9% ~16% ~24% ~27% 2 x XHer LC CrossMab- ~73% ~81% ~64% ~45% XTra Her2GlyMab (100%) 2 x XHer HC; ~3% ~1% N.D. N.D. 1 x XHer LC; 1 x Per HC 1 x XHer HC; ~11% ~1% N.D. N.D. 1 x Per HC; 2 x Per LC 2 x XHer HC; ~4% N.D. N.D. N.D. 2 x Per LC N.D.—Not Detected

CrossMab-XPer

After Protein A purification of cell culture supernatants the construct showed at a 1:1:1:1 equimolar plasmid ratio approximately 85% of bispecific antibody with the expected molecular weight of approximately 148 kDa as detected by Q-TOF MS; 2% containing 2× XPertuzumab light chains paired with XPertuzumab and Trastuzumab heavy chains; 1% intact Trastuzumab antibodies (both heavy and light chains originating from Trastuzumab) with the formation of the heavy chain hole-hole association; 12% 2× Trastuzumab light chains paired with XPertuzumab and Trastuzumab heavy chains. No further species were detected.

The 1:1:1:2 plasmid ratio where the molar ratio of the crossed Pertuzumab light chain (XPerLC) was expressed 2-fold, showed approximately 89% of bispecific antibody with the expected molecular weight of approximately 148 kDa as detected by Q-TOF MS; 7% containing 2× XPertuzumab light chains paired with XPertuzumab and Trastuzumab heavy chains; intact Trastuzumab antibodies (both heavy and light chains originating from Trastuzumab) with the formation of the heavy chain hole-hole association were not detected; 4% 2× Trastuzumab light chains paired with XPertuzumab and Trastuzumab heavy chains.

The 1:1:1:4 plasmid ratio where the molar ratio of the crossed Pertuzumab light chain (XPerLC) was expressed 4-fold, showed approximately 74% of bispecific antibody with the expected molecular weight of approximately 148 kDa as detected by Q-TOF MS; 25% containing 2× XPertuzumab light chains paired with XPertuzumab and Trastuzumab heavy chains; intact Trastuzumab antibodies (both heavy and light chains originating from Trastuzumab) with the formation of the heavy chain hole-hole association were not detected; 1% 2× Trastuzumab light chains paired with XPertuzumab and Trastuzumab heavy chains.

The 1:1:1:8 plasmid ratio where the molar ratio of the crossed Pertuzumab light chain (XPerLC) was expressed 8-fold, showed approximately 52% of bispecific antibody with the expected molecular weight of approximately 148 kDa as detected by Q-TOF MS; 48% containing 2× XPertuzumab light chains paired with XPertuzumab and Trastuzumab heavy chains; intact Trastuzumab antibodies (both heavy and light chains originating from Trastuzumab) with the formation of the heavy chain hole-hole association were not detected; 2× Trastuzumab light chains paired with XPertuzumab and Trastuzumab heavy chains were not detected.

CrossMab-CDRG

After Protein A purification of cell culture supernatants the construct showed at a 1:1:1:1 equimolar plasmid ratio approximately 95% of bispecific antibody with the expected molecular weight of approximately 148 kDa as detected by Q-TOF MS and 5% containing 2× XPertuzumab light chains paired with XPertuzumab and Trastuzumab (HerCDRG) heavy chains. No further species were detected, therefore, further optimization of the plamid ratios was not performed. The MS spectra performed on the antibodies CrossMab-XHer and CrossMab-CDRG to compare the byproduct profile can be seen in FIGS. 12A-B.

TABLE 11 CrossMab-XPer Her2GlyMab-Q-TOF analysis and quantification of the by-product profile of the Her2GlyMab antibody constructs comparing the optimization plasmid titration of the crossed Trastuzumab light chain (XPer LC). CrossMab- CrossMab- CrossMab- CrossMab- Detected XPer XPer XPer XPer protein Her2GlyMab Her2GlyMab Her2GlyMab Her2GlyMab species in MS 1:1:1:1 1:1:1:2 1:1:1:4 1:1:1:8 1 x Her HC; 1 x  ~2% ~7% ~25% ~48% XPer HC; 2 x XPer LC 2 x Her HC; 2 x  ~1% n.d. n.d. n.d. Her LC CrossMab-XPer ~85% ~89%  ~74% ~52% Her2GlyMab (100%) 1 x Her HC; 1 x ~12% ~4%  ~1% n.d. XPer HC; 2 x Her LC N.D.—Not Detected.

TABLE 12 CrossMab-CDRG Her2GlyMab-Q-TOF analysis and quantification of the by-product profile of the Her2GlyMab antibody construct detecting the presence of mispaired antibody heavy and light chains CrossMab- CDRG Her2GlyMab Detected protein species in MS 1:1:1:1 2 x XPer HC; 2 x XPer LC N.D. 2 x HerCDRG HC; 2 x HerCDRG LC N.D. CrossMab-CDRG Her2GlyMab (100%) ~95% 1 x HerCDRG HC; 1 x XPer HC; 2 x XPer LC  ~5% N.D.—Not Detected

Example 8: Simultaneous Binding of Bispecific Antibodies to Both Antigens

The binding of the bispecific antibody was analyzed via BIAcore as described above.

In separate assay format samples (CrossMabXPer as well as for OAscFab1 and OAscFab2) were proven to be functional for Trastuzumab as well as Pertuzumab specificity. CrossMabXPer showed kinetic constants and resulting affinities in the same order of magnitude as the positive controls. Except for a slightly reduced k_(a)-rate constant for the Trastuzumab mediated binding OAscFab1 and OAscFab2 showed kinetic constants and resulting affinities in the same order of magnitude as the positive controls i.e the parental Mabs.

Partly bivalent binding of the positive controls—depending on the ligand density on the CM5-Chip may cause the variation of the dissociation rate constants in the two experiments depicted in this example.

TABLE 13 SPR analysis of the Her2GlyMab affinities - The association and dissociation rates of the antibodies were measure using a BIAcoreT100 with a CM5-Chip at 25° C. T = 25° C. analyzed k_(a) k_(d) t(½) K_(D) Experiment function analyte [M⁻¹ · s⁻¹] [s⁻¹] [min] [M] UJ2530 “Trastuzumab” Trastuzumab 3.9E+05 8.7E−05 132.5 2.2E−10 UJ2530 “Trastuzumab” Pertuzumab no binding as expected UJ2530 “Trastuzumab” CrossMabXPer 1.0E+05 7.6E−05 151.9 7.4E−10 UJ2530 “Pertuzumab” Trastuzumab no binding as expected UJ2530 “Pertuzumab” Pertuzumab 4.7E+05 9.8E−05 118.1 2.1E−10 UJ2530 “Pertuzumab” CrossMabXPer 2.0E+05 1.8E−04 66.0 8.7E−10 UJ2530_b “Trastuzumab” Trastuzumab 7.0E+05 3.0E−05 382.9 4.3E−11 UJ2530_b “Trastuzumab” Pertuzumab no binding as expected UJ2530_b “Trastuzumab” OAscFab1 1.6E+04 8.7E−05 133.5 5.4E−09 UJ2530_b “Trastuzumab” OAscFab2 1.8E+04 1.1E−04 100.6 6.2E−09 UJ2530_b “Pertuzumab” Trastuzumab no binding as expected UJ2530_b “Pertuzumab” Pertuzumab 2.4E+05 2.6E−04 44.8 1.1E−09 UJ2530_b “Pertuzumab” OAscFab1 1.2E+05 2.6E−04 44.3 2.2E−09 UJ2530_b “Pertuzumab” OAscFab2 1.7E+05 2.6E−04 44.8 1.5E−09

Example 9: In Vitro Evaluation of 1+1 Herceptarg CrossMAb and Glyocoengineered Herceptarg Crossmab

Proliferation Inhibition Assay

AlamarBlue® (Invitrogen) was used for the measurement of the metabolic activity and proliferation of (A) BT474 and (B) N87 cells after a 5 day incubation in presence of HER2 CrossMab (CrossMab-XTra Her2GlyMab, SEQ ID NOs 119, 120, 121, 122), Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab or the combination of Trastuzumab/Pertuzumab. The bioreduction of the dye reduces the amount of the oxidized form (blue) and concomitantly increases the fluorescent intermediate (red).

Target cells were harvested, washed, resuspended in RPMI 1640 (Gibco)+10% FCS+1% GlutaMAX™ (Gibco) and plated at a concentration of 1×10⁴ cells/well. Cells were incubated for 3 hours in the cell incubator before respective antibody dilutions were added. Plates were gently shaked and incubated for 5 days in the cell incubator.

25 μl/well of Alamar Blue were added to the plate and incubated for 7 h in the incubator.

Absorbance was monitored at 584 nm and 612 nm in a Wallac Victor3 1420 Multilabel Counter. For calculation of the percentage of proliferation inhibition, non-treated controls samples were included in the assay and defined as 100% proliferation. The average percentage of proliferation inhibition of the triplicates of each experiment was calculated.

Results are shown in FIGS. 13A-B.

ADCC Assay

ADCC mediated by HER2 CrossMab (CrossMab-XTra Her2GlyMab, SEQ ID NOs 119, 120, 121, 122), Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab or the combo of Trastuzumab/Pertuzumab was assessed on KPL-4 (A), T47D (B) and Calu-3 (C) cells.

Target cells were harvested, washed, resuspended in AIM V® medium (Life Technologies), and plated at a concentration of 3×10⁴ cells/well. The respective antibody dilutions were added in triplicates to the cells and incubated for 10 min before addition of the effector cells (peripheral blood mononuclear effector cells [PBMCs]). Effector (E) and target (T) cells were then incubated for 4 h at 37° C. at an E:T ratio of 25:1 (triplicates for all samples). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was measured using the LDH Cytotoxicity Detection Kit (Roche Applied Science). ADCC was calculated using the following formula:

${{Percentage}\mspace{14mu} A\; D\; C\; C} = {\left( \left\lbrack \frac{{{sample}\mspace{14mu} {release}} - {{spontaneous}\mspace{14mu} {release}}}{{{maximal}\mspace{14mu} {release}} - {{spontaneous}\mspace{14mu} {release}}} \right\rbrack \right) \times 100.}$

Spontaneous release, corresponding to target cells incubated with effector cells without antibody, was defined as 0% cytotoxicity, with maximal release (target cells lysed with 1% Triton X-100) defined as 100% cytotoxicity. The average percentage of ADCC and standard deviations of the triplicates of each experiment were calculated. Results are shown in FIGS. 14A-C.

Example 10: In Vivo Characterization of HER2 CrossMab: Effect of Bispecific Antibodies Targeting HER2 on Tumor Growth in Calu3 Lung Cancer and KPL4 Breast Cancer Xenograft

In Vitro Cultured Cells—Calu3

This human lung adenocarcinoma cancer cell line has been established from a human caucasian male with lung cancer. Cells were obtained from Chugai Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. and passaged in house for working cell bank. Tumor cells are routinely cultured in RPMI medium (PAN Biotech, Germany) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum glutamine (PAN Biotech, Germany) at 37° C. in a water-saturated atmosphere at 5% CO2. Culture passage is performed with trypsin/EDTA 1× (PAN) splitting twice/week. Cell passage P6 is used for in vivo study.

In Vitro Cultured Cells—KPL-4

This human breast cancer cell line has been established from the malignant pleural effusion of a breast cancer patient with an inflammatory skin metastasis. Cells have been provided by Professor J. Kurebayashi (Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan). Tumor cells are routinely cultured in DMEM medium (PAN Biotech, Germany) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (PAN Biotech, Germany) and 2 mM L-glutamine (PAN Biotech, Germany) at 37° C. in a water-saturated atmosphere at 5% CO2. Culture passage is performed with trypsin/EDTA 1× (PAN) splitting twice/week. Cell passage P6 is used for in vivo study.

Animals

Female SCID beige (C.B.-17) mice; age 10-12 weeks; body weight 18-20 g (Charles River Germany, Sulzfeld) or female BALB/C nu/nu mice; age 8-10 weeks; body weight >20 g (Bomholtgard, Denmark) are maintained under specific-pathogen-free condition with daily cycles of 12 h light/12 h darkness according to international guidelines (GV-Solas; Felasa; TierschG). After arrival animals are housed in the quarantine part of the animal facility for one week to get accustomed to new environment and for observation. Continuous health monitoring is carried out on regular basis. Diet food (Alltromin) and water (acidified pH 2.5-3) are provided ad libitum. The experimental study was reviewed and approved by local government; registration no. 55.2-1-54-2531.2-3-08 Scid-beige orthotop rodent breast cancer model and 211-2531.2-16/00. 1.2.2 subcutan tumor model.

Tumor Cell Injection

At the day of injection tumor cells are harvested (trypsin-EDTA) from culture flasks (Greiner TriFlask) and transferred into 50 ml culture medium, washed once and resuspended in PBS. After an additional washing step with PBS and filtration (cell strainer; Falcon Ø 100 μm) the final cell titer is adjusted to 1.5×108/ml. Tumor cell suspension is carefully mixed with transfer pipette to avoid cell aggregation. Anesthesia is performed using a Stephens inhalation unit for small animals with preincubation chamber (plexiglas), individual mouse nose-mask (silicon) and not flammable or explosive anesthesia compound Isoflurane (Pharmacia-Upjohn, Germany) in a closed circulation system. Two days before injection, coat of the SCID beige mice are shaved. For subcutaneous injection of Calu3 cells, skin of anaesthetized animals is carefully lifted up with an anatomic forceps and 100 μl cell suspension (=5.0×10e6 cells) is injected subcutaneously in the right flank of the animals. Cell suspension is filled into a 1.0 ml tuberculin syringe (Braun, Melsungen) using a wide injection needle (0.45×25 mm). KPL-4 cells (3×10e6 cells) are injected orthotopically in a volume of 20 μl into the right penultimate inguinal mammary fat pad of each anesthetized mouse. For the orthotopic implantation, the cell suspension is injected through the skin under the nipple using a using a Hamilton microliter syringe and a 30G×½″ needle.

Monitoring

Animals are controlled daily for detection of clinical symptoms of adverse effects. For monitoring throughout the experiment the body weight of the animals is documented two times weekly and the tumor volume is measured by caliper twice weekly. Tumor volume was calculated according to NCI protocol (Tumor weight=½ab², where “a” and “b” are the long and the short diameters of the tumor, respectively). Termination criteria were the critical tumor mass (up to 1.7 g or Ø>1.5 cm), body weight loss more than 20% from baseline, tumor ulceration or poor general condition of the animals. Study exclusion criteria for the animals are described and approved in the corresponding “Tierversuchsanzeige”.

Treatment of Animals

Mice were randomized for tumor volume, for KPL-4 a mean of 80 mm³, for Calu3 a mean of 100 mm³. Mice were treated once weekly with a volume of 10 ml/kg intra peritoneal. For combination treatment Trastuzumab was given first and Pertuzumab was given 24 hrs thereafter. Results are shown in Tables 14 to 17 and FIGS. 15A-C, 16A-C, 17A-C, and 18A-C.

TABLE 14 BispecHer2_Pz_Calu3_001 (FIGS. 15A-C): CrossMAb_003 non-ge: non glycoengineered CrossMab-XTra Her2GlyMab (SEQ ID NOs 119, 120, 121, 122), negative control: anti-IgE antibody (Omalizumab), Herceptarg 2 + 2 OmniE: Pertuzumab antibody with the Trastuzumab scFV added onto the c-terminus of the heavy chains. The trastuzumab scFv contains a stabilizing disulphide bond between VH 105-VL 43 (SEQ ID NOs: 145, 146), TvAb12 and TvAb20: scFv 2 + 2 HER2 bispecific antibodies, see example 2. Cumulative No of Dose Route/Mode of No of dose Group animals Compound (mg/kg) administration treatments (mg/kg) 1 8 negative control 10 i.p. once weekly 7 70 2 8 Trastuzumab + 10 i.p. once weekly 7 70 Pertuzumab 10 i.p. once weekly 7 70 3 8 Herceptarg 2 + 13.5 i.p. once weekly 7 94.5 2 OmniE 4 8 CrossMAb_003 20 i.p. once weekly 7 140 non-ge 5 8 TvAb12 11.3 i.p. once weekly 7 79.1 6 8 TvAb20 11.4 i.p. once weekly 7 79.8

TABLE 15 BispecHER2_PZ_KPL-4_002 (FIGS. 16A-C): CrossMAb_003 non-ge: non glycoengineered CrossMab-XTra Her2GlyMab (SEQ ID NOs 119, 120, 121, 122), negative control: anti-IgE antibody (Omalizumab), Herceptarg 2 + 2 OmniE: Pertuzumab antibody with the Trastuzumab scFV added onto the c-terminal of the heavy chains. The trastuzumab scFv contains a stabilizing disulphide bond between VH 105-VL 43 (SEQ ID NOs: 145, 146), TvAb12 and TvAb20: scFv 2 + 2 HER2 bispecific antibodies, see example 2. Cumulative No of Dose Route/Mode of No of dose Group animals Compound (mg/kg) administration treatments (mg/kg) 1 9 Negative control 10 i.p. once weekly 5 50 2 9 Trastuzumab + 10 i.p. once weekly 5 50 Pertuzumab 10 i.p. once weekly 50 3 9 Herceptarg 2 + 13.5 i.p. once weekly 5 67.5 2 OmniE 4 9 CrossMAb_003 20 i.p. once weekly 5 100 non-ge 5 9 TvAb12 11.3 i.p. once weekly 5 56.5 6 9 TvAb20 11.42 i.p. once weekly 5 57.1

TABLE 16 Bispec.HER2_PZ_KPL-4_003 (FIGS. 17A-C): CrossMAb_005 non glycoengineered CrossMab-XTra Her2GlyMab (SEQ ID NOs 119, 120, 121, 122), negative control: anti-IgE antibody (Omalizumab). Cumulative No of Dose Route/Mode of No of dose Group animals Compound (mg/kg) administration treatments (mg/kg) 1 10 Negative control 10 i.p. once weekly 5 50 2 10 Trastuzumab + 10 i.p. once weekly 5 50 Pertuzumab 10 i.p. once weekly 50 3 10 Her2_Crossmab_005 20 i.p. once weekly 5 100 4 10 Her2_Crossmab_005 10 i.p. once weekly 5 50 5 10 Her2_Crossmab_005 5 i.p. once weekly 5 25 6 10 Her2_Crossmab_005 1 i.p. once weekly 5 5

TABLE 17 Exploratory_PZ_KPL-4_009 (FIGS. 18A-C): negative control: anti-IgE antibody (Omalizumab), TvAb16 and TvAb20: scFv 2 + 2 HER2 bispecific antibodies, see example 2. Cumulative No of Dose Route/Mode of No of dose Group animals Compound (mg/kg) administration treatments (mg/kg) 1 10 Negative 10 i.p. once weekly 4 40 control 2 10 Trastuzumab + 10 i.p. once weekly 4 40 Pertuzumab 10 i.p. once weekly 4 40 3 10 Trastuzumab + 5 i.p. once weekly 4 20 Pertuzumab 5 i.p. once weekly 4 20 4 10 TvAb16 10 i.p. once weekly 4 40 5 10 TvAb16 5 i.p. once weekly 4 20 6 10 TvAb20 10 i.p. once weekly 4 40 7 10 TvAb20 5 i.p. once weekly 4 20

Example 11: Generation of a Common Light Chain for Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab

Gene Synthesis

Desired gene segments, where required, were either generated by PCR using appropriate templates or were synthesized at Geneart AG (Regensburg, Germany) from synthetic oligonucleotides and PCR products by automated gene synthesis. In cases where no exact gene sequence was available, oligonucleotide primers were designed based on sequences from closest homologues and the genes were isolated by RT-PCR from RNA originating from the appropriate tissue. The gene segments flanked by singular restriction endonuclease cleavage sites were cloned into standard cloning/sequencing vectors. The plasmid DNA was purified from transformed bacteria and concentration determined by UV spectroscopy. The DNA sequence of the subcloned gene fragments was confirmed by DNA sequencing. Gene segments were designed with suitable restriction sites to allow subcloning into the respective expression vectors. All constructs were designed with a 5′-end DNA sequence coding for a leader peptide which targets proteins for secretion in eukaryotic cells. SEQ ID NOs: 155, 156, and 157 give exemplary leader peptides.

Cloning of Antigen Expression Vectors

A DNA fragment encoding amino acids 1 to 629 of matured Tyrosine kinase-type cell surface receptor HER2 (Her2, Uniprot: P04626) was cloned in frame into a mammalian recipient vector containing an N-terminal leader sequence. In addition, the construct contains a C-terminal avi-tag allowing specific biotinylation during co-expression with Bir A biotin ligase and a His-tag used for purification by immobilized-metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) (SEQ ID NOs 1 and 2).

The antigen expression is generally driven by an MPSV promoter and transcription is terminated by a synthetic polyA signal sequence located downstream of the CDS. In addition to the expression cassette, each vector contains an EBV oriP sequence for autonomous replication in EBV-EBNA expressing cell lines.

Production and Purification of Antigens and Antibodies

Both antigens and antibodies were transiently transfected into HEK 293 cells, stably expressing the EBV-derived protein EBNA. A simultaneously co-transfected plasmid encoding biotin ligase Bir A allowed avi tag-specific biotinlylation in vivo. The proteins were then purified using a protein A column followed by gel filtration.

Design of Trastuzumab/Pertuzumab Common Light Chains

For the generation of a common light chain (CLC) for Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab, the individual light chains (LC) were analyzed and compared. Sequence analysis revealed that both variable domains originate from the same germline sequence. Given that the Trastuzumab LCDR3 in general and residue H91 in particular interact specifically with the Trastuzumab-specific epitope on Her2, the first attempt to create a Trastuzumab/Pertuzumab CLC was done as follows: Either the complete LCDR3 region or only residue H91 of Trastuzumab substituted the corresponding positions in the Pertuzumab LC. As a result, a hybrid LC construct was created encoding Pertuzumab-derived LCDR1 and 2 but harboring Trastuzumab-derived LCDR3 amino acid residues. The resulting CLCs, named either “Pertuzumab (Tras.L3) LC” (DNA sequence of variable domains listed as SEQ ID NO: 25) or “Pertuzumab (Tras.Y91H) LC” (SEQ ID NO: 27), were co-expressed with either the Trastuzumab or the Pertuzumab HC. The resulting four antibodies (protein sequence of variable domains listed as SEQ ID NOs: 22 and 26, “Pertuzumab HC” x “Pertuzumab (Tras.L3) LC”; SEQ ID NO: 92 and 26, “Trastuzumab HC” x “Pertuzumab (Tras.L3) LC”; SEQ ID NOs: 22 and 28, “Pertuzumab HC” x “Pertuzumab (Trast.Y91H) LC”; SEQ ID NO: 92 and 28, “Trastuzumab HC” x “Pertuzumab (Tras.Y91H) LC”) were purified from mammalian-derived cell culture supernatant and binding to Her2 was measured and compared with the respective parental antibodies (SEQ ID NOs: 22 and 24, “Pertuzumab HC” x “Pertuzumab LC”; SEQ ID NO: 92 and 82, “Trastuzumab HC” x “Trastuzumab LC”) by SPR.

Affinity-Determination by SPR Using BioRad's ProteOn XPR36 Biosensor

The Affinity (K_(D)) of the new antibody chain combinations was measured by surface plasmon resonance using a ProteOn XPR36 instrument (Biorad) at 25° C. In a first step, 6500 RU of anti-human IgG (Sigma 12136, polyclonal goat antibody) recognizing hu IgG (Fc-specific) was immobilized on all 6 channels of a GLM chip by Amine coupling(NaAcetate pH4, 30 μl/min, 300s) (vertical orientation).

Each antibody was diluted with PBST (10 mM phosphate, 150 mM sodium chloride pH 7.4, 0.005% Tween 20) to 2 μg/ml, and then injected for 60s at 30 μl/minute to achieve immobilization levels of about 400 response units (RU) in vertical orientation. Injection of Her2: For one-shot kinetics measurements, injection direction was changed to horizontal orientation, three-fold dilution series of purified Her2 (varying concentration ranges between 300 and 3.7 nM) were injected simultaneously at 100 μl/min along separate channels 1-5, with association times of 180s, and dissociation times of 600s. Buffer (PBST) was injected along the sixth channel to provide an “in-line” blank for referencing. Regeneration was performed by two pulses of 10 mM glycine pH 1.5 and 50 mM NaOH for 30s at 100 μl/min (horizontal orientation). Association rate constants (k_(on)) and dissociation rate constants (k_(off)) were calculated using a simple one-to-one Langmuir binding model in ProteOn Manager v3.1 software by simultaneously fitting the association and dissociation sensorgrams. The equilibrium dissociation constant (K_(D)) was calculated as the ratio k_(off)/k_(on).

As expected, both control antibodies Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab recognized Her2 with their known affinities in the low nanomolar or sub-nanomolar range. However, while the affinity of Pertuzumab HC in combination with the newly designed “Pertuzumab (Tras.Y91H) LC” was slightly reduced, the same light chain in combination with Trastuzumab HC did not yield any detectable binding. This indicates that a single Trastuzumab-derived point mutation (Y91H) in the Pertuzumab LC is not sufficient translate binding to Her2 in this chain combination. This is in contrast to the second CLC variant “Pertuzumab LC (Trast. L3)” which resulted in weak binding when combined with Trastuzumab HC, while binding was reduced but clearly visible when co-expressed with the Pertuzumab HC. A summary of the kinetic and thermodynamic measurements is given in FIGS. 19A-F and Table 18. Based on this finding, the CLC “Pertuzumab LC (Trast. L3)” was further modified in order to restore Her2 binding in combination with Trastuzumab HC while affecting the affinity as little as possible when co-expressed with Pertuzumab HC.

TABLE 18 Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab, and hybrid molecules thereof Clone ka [1/Ms] kd [1/s] KD [M] Trastuzumab 1.01E+05 2.24E−04 2.21E−09 Pertuzumab 8.08E+04 6.69E−05 1.47E−10 Pertuzumab HC 6.47E+04 1.73E−03 2.67E−08 Pertuzumab (Tras.L3) LC Pertuzumab HC 8.99E+04 1.98E−04 2.21E−09 Pertuzumab(Tras.Y91H) LC Trastuzumab HC 4.19E+04 0.05 1.09E−06 Pertuzumab(Tras.L3) LC Trastuzumab HC N/A N/A N/A Pertuzumab(Tras.Y91H) LC

Example 12: Affinity-Improvement of the Common Light Chain

Introduction and Characterization of Additional Trastuzumab-Specific LCDR Residues into the Pertuzumab (Tras.L3) LC

Based on the results of the previous SPR measurement, binding of the designed CLC

“Pertuzumab (Trast. L3) LC” in combination with the Pertuzumab HC led to a reduced but still well detectable binding. In contrast, co-expression of the CLC with Trastuzumab HC resulted in a very weak affinity in the micromolar range and was significantly reduced compared to the parental Trastuzumab antibody.

In order to further evolve the generation of a CLC and improve the binding in combination with the Trastuzumab HC, additional Trastuzumab-specific amino acid of the LCDR1, 2, and 3 as well in framework 3 region that are specific for Trastuzumab were individually introduced into the sequence of the previously designed “Pertuzumab (Trast.L3) LC” (DNA sequence of variable domains listed as SEQ ID NO: 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, and 51). The resulting constructs (protein sequence of variable domains listed as SEQ ID NO: 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, and 52) were co-expressed with the Trastuzumab HC (SEQ ID NO: 92) or the Pertuzumab HC (SEQ ID NO: 22) and purified from mammalian-derived cell culture supernatant. Binding to Her2 was measured and compared with the respective parental antibodies.

Affinity-Determination of the “Pertuzumab (Trast.L3) LC” Variants by SPR

The Affinity (K_(D)) of the new antibody chain combinations was measured by surface plasmon resonance using a ProteOn XPR36 instrument (Biorad) and was performed as described before. A summary of the kinetic and thermodynamic measurements is given in table 19.

Interestingly, none of the additional single mutations in the “Pertuzumab (Tras.L3) LC” variants significantly affected the affinity when combined with the Pertuzumab and the affinity was comparable to “Pertuzumab HC”x“Pertuzumab (Tras.L3) LC”. However, combination of the “Pertuzumab (Tras.L3) LC” variants with the Trastuzumab HC resulted in significant differences. While back mutations to the Pertuzumab sequence in the LCDR3 region (P94Y and T96Y) (protein sequence of variable domains listed as SEQ ID NOs: 50 and 52) completely abolished binding to Her2, introduction of Pertuzumab-specific mutations (SEQ ID NOs: 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, and 48) yielded an equal or improved affinity compared to the initial combination “Trastuzumab HC” x “Pertuzumab (Tras.L3) LC”. In particular, introduction of the mutations I31T, G32A, Y53F, and G66R led to the most significant improvement in binding.

Simultaneous Introduction of Most Significant Trastuzumab-Specific Residues into the “Pertuzumab (Tras.L3) LC”

Based on the binding measurement described above, introduction of the 4 most relevant Trastuzumab-specific mutations into the “Pertuzumab (Tras.L3) LC” was combined. The protein sequences of the variable domains containing either the individual mutations are listed as SEQ ID NOs: 36, 40, 42, and 48.) The chain containing the “quadruple mutation” was named “Pertuzumab (Tras.L3) (QM) LC” (SEQ ID NOs: 54).

Affinity-Determination of the “Pertuzumab (Trast.L3)(QM) LC” by SPR

In order to characterize the new “Pertuzumab (Tras.L3) (QM) LC” and to determine the binding affinity when combined with either Pertuzumab HC or Trastuzumab HC, a further SPR experiment was performed. The Affinity (K_(D)) of the new antibody chain combinations was measured using a ProteOn XPR36 instrument (Biorad) and was performed as described before. A summary of the kinetic and thermodynamic measurements is given in FIGS. 20A-B and Table 20.

Similar to the individual mutations that were introduced and characterized before, the affinity of the antibody comprising the Pertuzumab HC and the “Pertuzumab (Tras.L3) (QM) LC” did not significantly decrease compared to the initial chain combination “Pertuzumab HC” x “Pertuzumab (Tras.L3) LC”. For both chain combinations, the affinity was in the range of 26 to 34 nM. Interestingly, the combination of the “Trastuzumab HC” with the “Pertuzumab (Tras.L3) (QM) LC” leads to a very strong improvement of the affinity to Her2. Furthermore, its affinity of 200 pM is even better than the measured affinity of the parental antibody Trastuzumab (2.2 nM). Given that the combination of “Pertuzumab (Tras.L3) (QM) LC” with Trastuzumab HC fully restores (or even exceeds) binding to Her2 and considering that the combination with the Pertuzumab HC diminishes but not abrogates binding to Her2, it was apparent to use the “Pertuzumab (Tras.L3) (QM) LC” as a CLC for both Her2 specificities and restore binding to the Pertuzumab-specific epitope by affinity-maturation of the Pertuzumab HC.

TABLE 19 Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of antibodies comprising either a Trastuzumab or Pertuzumab HC in combination of additional CLC hybrid molecules Pertuzumab HC Trastuzumab HC Clone ka [1/Ms] kd [1/s] KD [M] ka [1/Ms] kd [1/s] KD [M] Tras.L3 4.57E+05 2.11E−03 4.62E−09 3.77E+05 2.52E−02 6.68E−08 (K24R) Tras.L3 5.30E+05 1.80E−03 3.40E−09 3.96E+05 2.56E−03 6.46E−08 (S30N) Tras.L3 4.31E+05 1.75E−03 4.06E−09 4.73E+05 3.41E−03 7.21E−09 (I31T) Tras.L3 4.40E+05 1.92E−03 4.35E−09 4.13E+05 1.16E−02 2.80E−08 (I31V) Tras.L3 5.11E+05 1.87E−03 3.66E−09 6.75E+05 2.68E−03 3.97E−09 (G32A) Tras.L3 3.16E+05 2.54E−03 8.03E−09 3.81E+05 1.71E−02 4.49E−08 (Y53F) Tras.L3 4.64E+05 2.26E−03 4.87E−09 4.16E+05 2.97E−02 7.15E−08 (R54L) Tras.L3 4.43E+05 2.45E−03 5.52E−09 4.70E+05 2.32E+02 4.94E−08 (T56S) Tras.L3 3.58E+05 2.47E−03 6.91E−09 5.14E+05 5.58E−03 1.09E−08 (G66R) Tras.L3 8.05E+05 6.30E−04 7.82E−10 N/A N/A N/A (T94Y) Tras.L3 3.44E+05 9.70E−04 2.82E−09 N/A N/A N/A (P96Y) Tras.L3 4.22E+05 2.09E−03 4.96E−09 3.25E+05 2.36E−02 7.25E−08

TABLE 20 Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of antibodies comprising either a Trastuzumab or Pertuzumab HC and the final CLC Clone ka [1/Ms] kd [1/s] KD [M] Pertuzumab HC 9.46E+04 3.24E−03 3.42E−08 Pertuzumab (Tras.L3)(QM) LC Trastuzumab HC 2.69E+05 5.42E−05 2.02E−10 Pertuzumab (Tras.L3)(QM) LC

Example 13: Affinity Maturation of the Pertuzumab Heavy Chain

Generation of Pertuzumab-Based 111/113 and 112 Affinity Maturation Libraries

Generation of affinity-matured Pertutzumab-derived heavy chains was carried out by phage display using standard protocols (Silacci et al, 2005).

For the generation of Pertuzumab-derived HCs with improved affinity when jointly expressed with “Pertuzumab (Tras.L3) (QM) LC” a maturation library randomized in CDR1 and 3 or in CDR2 was generated. The sequence of the Pertuzumab HC (SEQ ID NO: 22) and of the “Pertuzumab (Tras.L3) (QM) LC” (SEQ ID NO: 54) was cloned into a phagemid and used as a template for the randomization. For the generation of the Pertuzumab HC affinity maturation library randomized in CDR1 and 3, three fragments were assembled by “splicing by overlapping extension” (SOE) PCR and cloned into the phage vector. The following primer combinations were used to generate the library fragments: fragment 1 (LMB3 (SEQ ID NO: 147) and AM_omni_H1_TN-ba (SEQ ID NO: 148), fragment 2 (RJH108 (omni_3′H1_fo) (SEQ ID NO: 149) and RJH109 (omni_5′H3_re) (SEQ ID NO: 150), and fragment 3 (AM_omni_H3_TN_fo (SEQ ID NO: 151) and RJH99 (SEQ ID NO: 152). After assembly of sufficient amounts of full length randomized fragment, it was digested with MunI/NheI alongside with identically treated acceptor phagemid vector. bug of Fab library insert were ligated with 24 ug of phagemid vector. Purified ligations were used for 60 transformations resulting in 6×10 exp9 transformants. Phagemid particles displaying the Pertuzumab affinity maturation library were rescued and purified by PEG/NaCl purification to be used for selections.

The generation of the CDR2-randomized Pertuzumab HC affinity maturation library was done similarly, but only 2 fragments were generated, assembled and cloned into the phagemid using the same restriction enzymes as before. The following primer combinations were used to generate the library fragments: fragment 1 (LMB3 (SEQ ID NO: 147) and RJH110 (omni_5′H2_ba) (SEQ ID NO: 153) and fragment 2 (AM_omni_h2_TN_fo (SEQ ID NO: 154) and RJH99 (SEQ ID NO:152). Purified ligations were used for 60 transformations resulting in 4×10 exp9 transformants. Phagemid particles displaying the Pertuzumab affinity maturation library were rescued and purified by PEG/NaCl purification to be used for selections.

TABLE 21 a) Primer combinations for the generation of the CDR1 and 3-randomized Pertuzumab affinity-maturation library Pertuzumab HC affinity maturation (CDR1 and 3) fragment 5′Primer 3′Primer PCR1 LMB3 AM_omni_H1_TN-ba PCR2 RJH108 (omni _3′H1_fo) RJH109 (omni _5′H3_re) PCR3 AM_omni_H3_TN_fo RJH99

TABLE 21 b) Primer sequences for the generation of the CDR1 and 3-randomized Pertuzumab affinity-maturation library Pertuzumab HC affinity maturation (CDR1 and 3) SEQ ID Name Sequence 147 LMB3 CAGGAAACAGCTATGACCATGATTAC 148 AM_omni_ CCGGTGCCTGACGAACCCAATCCAT 4 3 2 1 H1_TN-ba AAAGGTAAAACCGCTTGCTGCACAGCTC 1 T = 60%, S/G/R/N/D = 20% (4% each), rest = 20% (1.7% each) 2 D = 60%, S/N/T/A/R/E/Q/G = 30% (3.8% each), rest = 10% (1.1% each) 3 Y = 60%, F/S/H/N/D/T = 30% (5.0% each), rest = 10% (0.9%) 4 T = 60%, A/G/V/S/P/D/N = 30% (4.3% each), rest = 10% (1.0%) 149 RJH108 ATGGATTGGGTTCGTCAGGCACCGGGTAAAGG (omni_3′ H1_fo) 150 RJH109 ATTACGTGCACAATAATACACTGCGGTATCCTC (omni_5′ H3_re) 151 AM_omni TACCGCAGTGTATTATTGTGCACGT 4a 5 5a 6 7 TTC H3_TN_fo 8 TTTGATTATTGGGGTCAGGGCACCCTGGTTAC 4a N = 60%, G/D/E/Q/V/S/A/P/R/L/T/Y = 40% (3.3% each) 5 L = 60%, G/Y/S/A/D/T/R/P/V/N/W/F/I/E = 40% (2.9% each) 5a G = 60%, Y/S/A/D/T/R/P/L/V/N/W/F/I/E = 40% (2.9% each) 6 P = 60%, G/Y/S/A/D/T/R/L/V/N/W/F/I/E = 40% (2.9% each) 7 S = 60%, G/Y/P/A/D/T/R/L/V/N/W/F/I/E = 40% (2.9% each) 8 Y = 60%, G/A/P/W/S/D/T/F/R/K/H = 40% (3.6% each) 152 RJH99 GGCTGAGACTCCTCAAGAGAAGGATTAG

TABLE 22 a) Primer combinations for the generation of the CDR2-randomized Pertuzumab affinity-maturation library Pertuzumab HC affinity maturation (CDR2) fragment 5′Primer 3′Primer PCR1 LMB3 RJH110(omni_5′H2_ba)

TABLE 22 b) Primer combinations for the generation of the CDR2-randomized Pertuzumab affinity-maturation library Pertuzumab HC affinity maturation (CDR2) SEQ ID Name Sequence 153 RJH110 ATTAACATCTGCAACCCATTCCAGACCTTTAC (omni_5′ H2_ba) 154 AM_omni_ GGTCTGGAATGGGTTGCAGATGTTAAT 9 10 11 12 h2_TN_fo GGT 13 ATT 14 AC 15 CGTTTTAAAGGTCGTTTTACCCTGAG 9 P = 60%, G/A/S/T/D/N/F/Y = 30% (3.8% each), rest = 10% (1.0% each) 10 N = 60%, S/D/G/T/R/A = 30% (5.0% each), rest = 10% (0.8%) 11 S = 60%, G = 10%, rest = 30% (1.8% each)

Selection of Affinity Matured Pertuzumab HC-Derived Clones

Selections against the extracellular domain (ECD) of human Her2 were carried out using HEK293-expressed protein. The antigen was enzymatically biotinylated by co-expression of the biotin ligase Bir A via an N-terminal avi-tag. Panning rounds were performed in solution according to the following pattern: 1. binding of ˜10¹² phagemid particles to 10 nM biotinylated Her2 ECD for 0.5 h in a total volume of 1 ml, 2. capture of biotinylated Her2 ECD and specifically bound phage particles by addition of 5.4×10⁷ streptavidin-coated magnetic beads for 10 min, 3. washing of beads using 5×1 ml PBS/Tween20 and 5×1 ml PBS, 4. elution of phage particles by addition of 1 ml 100 mM TEA for 10 min and neutralization by adding 500 μl M Tris/HCl pH 7.4, 5. re-infection of exponentially growing E. coli TG1 bacteria, and 6.infection with helperphage VCSM13 and subsequent PEG/NaCl precipitation of phagemid particles to be used in subsequent selection rounds. Selections were carried out over 3 rounds using decreasing (from 20×10⁻⁹M to 1×10⁻⁹M) antigen concentrations. In round 2 and 3, capture of antigen:phage complexes was performed using neutravidin plates instead of streptavidin beads. In addition, neutravidin plates were washed for 3 h in 2 l PBS. Specific binders were identified by ELISA as follows: 100 μl of 30 nM biotinylated Her2 ECD per well were coated on neutravidin plates. Fab-containing bacterial supernatants were added and binding Fabs were detected via their Flag-tags by using an anti-Flag/HRP secondary antibody. ELISA-positive clones were bacterially expressed as soluble Fab fragments in 96-well format and supernatants were subjected to a kinetic screening experiment by SPR-analysis using Proteon XPR36.

Affinity-Determination of Affinity-Matured Pertuzumab HC Variants by SPR

The Affinity (K_(D)) of the new Pertuzumab HC variants was measured by surface plasmon resonance. In a first step, 7000 RU of polyclonal anti-human Fab antibody were immobilized on all 6 channels of a GLM chip by Amine coupling (NaAcetate pH4.5, 30 μl/min, 300s) (vertical orientation).

Each antibody-containing bacterial supernatant was filtered and 3-fold diluted with PBS, and then injected for 180s at 30 μl/minute to achieve immobilization levels of between 100 and 400 response units (RU) in vertical orientation. Injection of Her2: For one-shot kinetics measurements, injection direction was changed to horizontal orientation, two-fold dilution series of purified Her2 (varying concentration ranges between 100 and 6.25 nM) were injected simultaneously at 100 μl/min along separate channels 1-5, with association times of 180s, and dissociation times of 1000s. Buffer (PBST) was injected along the sixth channel to provide an “in-line” blank for referencing. Regeneration was performed by two pulses of 10 mM glycine pH 1.5 and 50 mM NaOH for 30s at 100 μl/min (horizontal orientation). Association rate constants (k_(on)) and dissociation rate constants (k_(off)) were calculated using a simple one-to-one Langmuir binding model in ProteOn Manager v3.1 software by simultaneously fitting the association and dissociation sensorgrams. The equilibrium dissociation constant (K_(D)) was calculated as the ratio k_(off)/k_(on). Clones expressing Fabs with the highest affinity constants were identified and the heavy chains of the corresponding phagemids were sequenced. The thermodynamic measurement of the most affine Pertuzumab HC variants (protein sequence of variable domains listed as SEQ ID NOs: 62, 66, 68, 70, 72, and 74) is summarized in Table 23 and FIGS. 21A-F.

TABLE 23 Affinity of selected affinity matured Pertuzumab clone variants in combination with the common light chain (CLC) Pertuzumab heavy chain affinity (nM) Pertuzumab 34 Aff mat. clone D1 1 Aff mat. clone B2 1 Aff mat. clone E1 0.5 Aff mat. clone G2 1 Aff mat. clone C8 3 Aff mat. clone A1 1

Example 14: Characterization of the Trastuzumab/Pertuzumab Bispecific Antibodies

Generation of the Trastuzumab/Pertuzumab Bi-Specific Anti-Her Antibodies with a CLC

In the following step, the affinity-matured Pertuzumab HC as well as the Trastuzumab HC were expressed in combination with the CLC named “Pertuzumab (Tras.L3) (QM) LC” in a bispecific antibody format. For the generation of such bispecific antibodies with a CLC, heterodimerization of the 2 different HCs was achieved by application of the knob-into-hole technology. Variable domains of the Pertuzumab affinity-matured clones E1 and G2 (protein sequence of variable domains listed as SEQ ID NOs: 68 and 70) as well as a clone “D1-derived” (D1-der) sequence (SEQ ID NOs: 64) were cloned into a human IgG1 HC containing the “hole” mutations in domain CH3. A schematic overview of the bispecific antibody with a CLC is shown in FIG. 22. Affinity-maturation clone “D1-der” combines the CDR1 and 3 mutations of clone D1 (SEQ ID NOs: 62) with additional CDR2 mutations found in other selected clones. The variable domain of the Tratuzumab HC (SEQ ID NO: 92) was cloned into a human IgG1 HC harboring the “knob” mutations in domain CH3. The resulting constructs, called “Herceptarg” constructs, were co-expressed and purified from mammalian-derived cell culture supernatant. A summary of the analytical data for all three bi-specific antibodies is shown clones in FIGS. 23A-F and Table 24.

TABLE 24 Production of HER2 antibody with common light chain yield/liter Antibody (mg/I) % Monomer Herceptarg CLC G2 41.3 100 Herceptarg CLC E1 72.1 96 Herceptarg CLC D1- 20.1 100 der.

Generation of Her2 Knock-Out Antigen Variants

In order to analyze and characterize binding of the Herceptarg bi-specific antibodies to each of both epitopes on Her2, Her2 knock-out variants were designed. In these variants, either of the two specific epitopes was deleted by mutation of the amino acids that interact with the respective antibody chains.

For expression and purification, the respective DNA fragments were fused in frame to an N-terminal leader sequence and a C-terminal human IgG1 Fc coding fragment serving as solubility- and purification tag. An avi-tag at the C-terminal end of the Fc fragment allowed in vivo biotinylation. In order to express the antigen in a monomeric form, these Fc chains contained the “knob” mutations (SEQ ID NOs: 5 and 6, Her2 ECD-Fc(knob); SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 8, Her2 ECD (Pertuzumab KO)-Fc(knob); SEQ ID NOs: 9 and 10, Her2 ECD (Trastuzumab KO)-Fc(knob)) and was co-expressed in combination with an “Fc-hole” counterpart (SEQ ID NOs: 3 and 4).

Affinity-Determination of the Herceptarg Bi-Specific Antibodies by SPR

The Affinity (K_(D)) of the new bi-specific antibodies to each of their epitopes in her2 was measured by SPR using a ProteOn XPR36 instrument (Biorad) at 25° C. In a first step, 11000 RU of a polyclonal goat anti-human IgG (Sigma 12136,) recognizing human IgG (Fc-specific) was immobilized on all 6 channels of a GLM chip by Amine coupling(NaAcetate pH4, 30 μl/min, 300s) (vertical orientation).

Each antibody was diluted with PBST (10 mM phosphate, 150 mM sodium chloride pH 7.4, 0.005% Tween 20) to 2 μg/ml, and then injected for 60s at 30 μl/minute to achieve immobilization levels of about 400 response units (RU) in vertical orientation. Injection of Her2: For one-shot kinetics measurements, injection direction was changed to horizontal orientation, two-fold dilution series of purified monovalent Her2-Fc protein constructs (varying concentration ranges between 100 and 6.25 nM) were injected simultaneously at 100 μl/min along separate channels 1-5, with association times of 180s, and dissociation times of 600s. Buffer (PBST) was injected along the sixth channel to provide an “in-line” blank for referencing. Regeneration was performed by two pulses of 10 mM glycine pH 1.5 and 50 mM NaOH for 30s at 100 μl/min (horizontal orientation). Association rate constants (k_(on)) and dissociation rate constants (k_(off)) were calculated using a simple one-to-one Langmuir binding model in ProteOn Manager v3.1 software by simultaneously fitting the association and dissociation sensorgrams. The equilibrium dissociation constant (K_(D)) was calculated as the ratio k_(off)/k_(on).

All antibodies including Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab as well as three bi-specific Herceptarg constructs comprising the affinity-matured Pertuzumab HCs, the Trastuzumab HC, and the CLC “Pertuzumab (Trast.L3) (QM)” were tested for binding to both Her2 knock-out variants. As expected, both Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab bind to their respective Her2 epitope with the excepted affinity. Binding to their corresponding knock-out variant was abolished (FIGS. 24A-D). These results demonstrate that the use of Her2 knock-out epitope variants allows dissecting the binding of the bispecific antibodies and analyzing the individual affinity of both specificities. Determination of the individual K_(D) values of each Herceptarg clone variant revealed a constant binding affinity to the Trastuzumab epitope in the expected range of 0.6 to 1.8 nM. In contrast, binding to the Pertuzumab epitope depends on the affinity-matured Pertuzumab HC. Among the three Herceptarg clone variants, clone “D1-der” was found to have the highest affinity (0.16 nM). A summary of the Thermodynamic data is shown in table 25. In summary, this experiment confirms that we were able to generate a bi-specific antibody with a CLC and specific for the epitopes Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab.

Binding Analysis of the Herceptarg Clone Variants to KPL-4 Cells

KPL-4 cells were harvested and resuspended in FACS buffer. 0.2 Mio cells were seeded into a 96 well round bottom plate. The plate was centrifuged at 400 g for 3 min to pellet the cells. The supernatant was removed and the cells were resuspended in 40 μl of the diluted antibodies. The plate was incubated for 30 min at 4° C. to allow binding of the antibodies. To remove unbound antibodies the cells were centrifuged again and washed twice with FACS buffer. To detect the antibodies the cells were resuspended in 12 μl diluted secondary goat anti-human Fc specific FITC-labeled secondary antibody (Jackson ImmunoResearch #109-096-098) and incubated again for 30 min at 4° C. Afterwards the cells were washed twice with FACS buffer, resuspended in 200 μl FACS buffer and the fluorescence was measured with BD CantoII. Results are shown in FIG. 25.

TABLE 25 Affinity of selected bi-specific antibodies affinity matured Pertuzumab clone variants in combination with the CLC KD (nM) Trastuzumab KD (nM) Pertuzumab clone Epitope Epitope Trastuzumab 2.17 N/A Pertuzumab N/A 0.62 Herceptarg E1 0.72 1.32 Herceptarg G2 1.82 9.65 Herceptarg D1-derived 0.6 0.16 Herceptarg crossmab 0.8 0.84

TABLE 26 Proliferation inhibition of various cell types (IC50 values with confidence interval) cell Trastuzumab + Herceptarg Herceptarg Herceptarg line Trastuzumab Pertuzumab Pertuzumab CLC E1/1 CLC D1-der CLC G2/2 GA604 BT474 110.8  205.4 222.3 114.1 78.38 89.99 125.4 (96.7-127.0) (156-270.7) (176.5-280.1)   (106-122.7) (69.03-89)  (82.3-98.4) (113.6-138.4) N87 83.13 205.8 312.9 136.5 92.7  119.1  109.6 (59.7-115.7) (126.3-335)    (156.5-625.6) (126.6-147)   (80.7-106.5) (107.6-132)   (98.3-122.2) SkBr3 73.73 nd  55.63  69.01 47.54 92.59  59.84 (43.54-124.8)  (25.97-119.2) (55.78-85.4) (26.61-84.9)  (70.1-122.3) (50.2-71.4)

Proliferation Inhibition Mediated by the Herceptarg Binding Variants

Target cells were harvested, washed, resuspended in RPMI 1640 (Gibco)+10% FCS+1% GlutaMAX™ (Gibco) and plated at a concentration of 5×10³ cells/well. Cells were incubated for 4 hours in the cell incubator before respective antibody dilutions were added. Plates were gently shaked and incubated for 5 days in the cell incubator. The plates were equilibrated to room temperature and 100 μl/well of the freshly prepared CellTiter Glo (Promega) substrate were added to each well. Luminescence was measured in a Wallac Victor3 1420 Multilabel Counter. Results are shown in Table 26 and FIGS. 26A-F.

Herceptarg Clones-Mediated Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Target cells were harvested, washed, resuspended in AIM V® medium (Life Technologies), and plated at a concentration of 3×10⁴ cells/well. The respective antibody dilutions were added in triplicates to the cells and incubated for 10 min before addition of the effector cells (peripheral blood mononuclear effector cells [PBMCs]). Effector (E) and target (T) cells were then incubated for the indicated time at 37° C. at the indicated E:T ratio (triplicates for all samples). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was measured using the LDH Cytotoxicity Detection Kit (Roche Applied Science). ADCC was calculated using the following formula:

${{Percentage}\mspace{14mu} A\; D\; C\; C} = {\left( \left\lbrack \frac{{{sample}\mspace{14mu} {release}} - {{spontaneous}\mspace{14mu} {release}}}{{{maximal}\mspace{14mu} {release}} - {{spontaneous}\mspace{14mu} {release}}} \right\rbrack \right) \times 100.}$

Spontaneous release, corresponding to target cells incubated with effector cells without antibody, was defined as 0% cytotoxicity, and maximal release (target cells lysed with 1% Triton X-100) was defined as 100% cytotoxicity. The average percentage of ADCC and standard deviations of the triplicates of each experiment were calculated. Results are shown in FIGS. 27A-D.

TABLE 27 Leader Peptides SEQ ID Protein sequence 155 MDWTWRILFLVAAATGAHS 156 MDMRVPAQLLGLLLLWFPGARC 157 MGWSCIILFLVATATGVHS

Example 15: Proliferation Assay

1×10⁴ BT-474 cells/well were cultured in RPMI/10% FCS in a 96-well flat bottom plate. After 24 hrs growth medium was removed and titrated amounts of indicated antibodies were added (premixed in culture medium) to a final volume of 100 μl. To determine the number of viable cells in culture, the CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay was performed by quantifying the present ATP levels as an indicator of metabolically active cells. Thus, after six days of culture, 100 μl CellTiter-Glo Reaction Mix (Promega, cat.no. #G7571) was added to the cells, shook for 2 min before 75 μl of the lysate was transferred to a separate 96-well flat bottom titer plate (Costar, cat.no. #3917). After additional mixing, luminescence was assed according to the manufacturer's instructions using a Tecan Infinite Reader.

Results are shown in Table 28 and FIG. 28.

In the proliferation assay it was shown that the bispecific Her2 antibodies inhibited proliferation of BT-474 cells more potently than Pertuzumab or Trastuzumab alone or in combination. The following bispecific Her2 antibodies were tested: Herceptarg CLC D1-der wt“: SEQ ID NOs 64, 54, 92, Herceptarg CLC D1-der G2”: SEQ ID NOs 64, 54, 92 (glycoengineered variant) “Herceptarg CrossMab”: SEQ ID NOs 109, 110, 111, 112.

TABLE 28 IC50 BT474 proliferation assay Antibody treatment IC50 Proliferation [nM] Trastuzumab n.d. Pertuzumab n.d. Trastuzumab + Pertuzumab 6.20 Herceptarg CLC D1-der. wt 3.31 Herceptarg CLC D1-der. G2 3.93 Herceptarg CrossMab 4.75

Example 16: C1q FACS Binding Assay

3×10⁵ BT-474 cells were incubated with 10 μg/ml of indicated antibody on ice. The following bispecific Her2 antibodies were tested: Herceptarg CLC D1-der wt“: SEQ ID NOs 64, 54, 92, Herceptarg CLC D1-der G2”: SEQ ID NOs 64, 54, 92 (glycoengineered variant) “Herceptarg CrossMab”: SEQ ID NOs 109, 110, 111, 112.

After 30 min, 10 μg/ml C1q (Sigma, C1740) was added and additionally incubated for 20 min. After washing, cells were counterstained with commercial PE-labeled anti-C1q antibody (Cedarlane, CL7611PE-SP). After further incubation (30 min, ice), cells were washed twice and analyzed on a FACS Canto II.

Results are shown in FIG. 29 and Table 29. This C1q assay illustrates the binding of recombinant complement factor C1q to different Her antibodies on BT-474 cells. It was shown that the highest C1q binding resulted upon treatment with the combination of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab, followed by the two CLC bispecific Her2 antibodies. Treatment with the Crossmab resulted only in a slightly elevated C1q binding.

TABLE 29 Clq binding assay PE-signal antibody/antibodies (geomean) trastuzumab 282 pertuzumab 344 combination of trastuzumab and pertuzumab 2157 bispecific anti-HER2 antibody, common light chain 1439 bispecific anti-HER2 antibody, common light chain, 1036 glycoengineered bispecific anti-HER2 antibody, CrossMab format 489

Example 17: LDH Assay with Baby Rabbit Complement (BRC)

CHO-K1 Nxre19 cells (IL15R transfected CHO-K1) were seeded at 10,000 cells/well on 96-well flat bottom cell culture plates (NUNC, 100 μL/well) and cultivated overnight. IL15-Fc fusion polypeptide was added (25 μL/well in 5-fold end-concentration) and incubated for one hour. Thereafter, one vial of Baby Rabbit complement (Cedarlane, Cat. No. CL3441) was reconstituted with 1 mL of Aqua bidest. The complement solution was diluted with medium and 25 μL added to the wells. After four hours the plates were centrifuged at 200 g and 100 μL/well were transferred to another 96-well flat bottom plate. Thereafter 100 μL of LDH reaction mix (Cytotoxicity Detection Kit, Roche Diagnostic GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) was added. After an incubation time of 20 min. at 37° C. optical density (OD) was measured at 492/690 nm on a Tecan Sunrise reader.

TABLE 30 LDH assay with BRC signal [OD] sample BRC 1/40 BRC 1/30  9000 ng/ml IL15-Fc-fusion with HUC 11.3 12.3  3000 ng/ml IL15-Fc-fusion with HUC 12.3 17.0  1000 ng/ml IL15-Fc-fusion with HUC 10.2 13.6 333.3 ng/ml IL15-Fc-fusion with HUC 7.8 12.2 111.1 ng/ml IL15-Fc-fusion with HUC 8.3 13.0 37.04 ng/ml IL15-Fc-fusion with HUC 14.9 19.7 12.35 ng/ml IL15-Fc-fusion with HUC 43.2 53.0  4.12 ng/ml IL15-Fc-fusion with HUC 41.5 63.8    0 ng/ml IL15-Fc-fusion with HUC 42.4 48.4

It can be seen that BRC has a low background toxicity and shows dose dependent complement toxicity.

Example 18: CDC (Complement Dependent Cytotoxicity) Activation on BT-474 Cells (LDH Release)

1×10⁴ cells/well were incubated with 10 μg/ml of the indicated antibodies for 30 min at 37° C. in 150 μl. The following bispecific Her2 antibodies were tested: Herceptarg CLC D1-der wt“: SEQ ID NOs 64, 54, 92, Herceptarg CLC D1-der G2”: SEQ ID NOs 64, 54, 92 (glycoengineered variant) “Herceptarg CrossMab”: SEQ ID NOs 109, 110, 111, 112.

Then 50 μl Baby Rabbit Complement (Cedarlane, cat. no. CL3441, batch no. 6312) was added and incubated for further 2 hrs. Then, the s/n was transferred and mixed with 50 μl LDH Reaction Mix (Roche) and, after a further incubation of 15 min, extinktion (Ex.) at 490/620 nm was analyzed on a Tecan Sunrise Reader. The specific antibody dependent toxicity (mean+/−SD of n=4) on BT-474 cell was calculated as follows: (Ex. sample−Ex. spontanous lysis/Ex. maximal lysis-spontanous lysis)×100.

Results are shown in FIG. 30.

This CDC assay shows the release of LDH as a marker for dying/dead cells upon treatment of different anti-Her2 antibodies (formats, combination) in the presence of baby rabbit complement. Here, the combination of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab resulted in a significant induction of CDC, whereas the parental antibodies alone did not. Surprisingly, both CLC Herceptarg variants provoked even superior CDC effects, whereas the Herceptarg Crossmab treatment results in a CDC reaction less effective than the combination of the parental antibodies.

Example 19: CDC (Complement Dependent Cytotoxicity)-Mediated Killing of BT-474 Cells (ACEA)

1×10⁴ BT-474 cells/well were seeded on 96-well E-Plates (ACEA Biosciences Inc.) and grown overnight in an Xcelligence device. Growth medium was removed and cells were washed once with serum-free AIM-V medium (Gibco). 50 μl/well AIM-V medium and 50 μl antibody in AIM-V (3-fold end concentration) were added and incubated for 20 min. 50 μl Baby Rabbit Complement (Cedarlane) was added and CellIndex (CI; as representative for the viability of the cells) was measured every 5 minutes (see curve). The following bispecific Her2 antibodies were tested: Herceptarg CLC D1-der wt“: SEQ ID NOs 64, 54, 92, Herceptarg CLC D1-der G2”: SEQ ID NOs 64, 54, 92 (glycoengineered variant) “Herceptarg CrossMab”: SEQ ID NOs 109, 110, 111, 112.

Specific CDC was calculated according following formula, whereas CI is the normalized cell index:

${\% \mspace{14mu} C\; D\; C} = {\frac{{{CI}\mspace{14mu} {Complement}\mspace{14mu} {control}} - {{CI}\mspace{14mu} {sample}}}{{{CI}\mspace{14mu} {Complement}\mspace{14mu} {control}}\mspace{14mu}} \times 100}$

At two representative time points (1 hr and 2 hrs after starting the reaction, specific lysis (=CDC-induced cell death) was calculated and shown in the diagram (mean+/SEM of n=4).

Results are shown in FIGS. 31A-B and Table 31. This CDC assay illustrates a change in the cell index as a marker for dying/dead cells upon treatment with different anti-Her2 antibodies (formats, combination) in the presence of baby rabbit complement: Here, the combination of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab resulted in a significant induction of CDC, whereas the parental antibodies alone did not. Surprisingly, both CLC Herceptarg variants provoked even superior CDC effects, whereas the Herceptarg Crossmab treatment results in a CDC reaction less effective than the combination of the parental antibodies.

One possible reason for the superiority of Herceptarg CLC D1-der may be the slightly higher affinity to the Trastuzumab epitope as well as the significantly higher affinity to the Pertuzumab epitope (see also Table 25).

TABLE 31 CDC (complement dependent cytotoxicity)—mediated killing of BT-474 cells (ACEA) specific lysis [% cell index ACEA] antibody/antibodies 1 hour 2 hours trastuzumab −3.5 ± 0.6 −6.5 ± 0.8 pertuzumab −5.3 ± 1.0 −8.3 ± 2.1 combination of trastuzumab and 20.9 ± 6.7 26.3 ± 7.0 pertuzumab bispecific anti-HER2 antibody, common 31.8 ± 3.4 38.9 ± 3.7 light chain (D1 der) bispecific anti-HER2 antibody, common 28.8 ± 2.6 35.8 ± 2.6 light chain, glycoengineered (D1 der) bispecific anti-HER2 antibody, 12.9 ± 1.4 22.7 ± 1.6 CrossMab format

Example 20: Mouse Xenograft Studies

Cell Line KPL4

This human breast cancer cell line has been established from the malignant pleural effusion of a breast cancer patient with an inflammatory skin metastasis. Cells have been provided by Professor J. Kurebayashi (Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan). Tumor cells were routinely cultured in DMEM medium (PAN Biotech, Germany) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (PAN Biotech, Germany) and 2 mM L-glutamine (PAN Biotech, Germany) at 37° C. in a water-saturated atmosphere at 5% CO2. Culture passage was performed with trypsin/EDTA 1× (PAN) splitting twice/week. Cell passage P6 was used for in vivo study.

Mice

Female SCID beige (C.B.-17) mice; age 10-12 weeks; body weight 18-20 g (Charles River Germany, Sulzfeld); body weight >20 g are maintained under specific-pathogen-free condition with daily cycles of 12 h light/12 h darkness according to international guidelines (GV-Solas; Felasa; TierschG). After arrival animals were housed in the quarantine part of the animal facility for one week to get accustomed to new environment and for observation. Continuous health monitoring was carried out on regular basis. Diet food (Alltromin) and water were provided ad libitum. The experimental study was reviewed and approved by local government.

Tumor Cell Injection

At the day of injection tumor cells were harvested (trypsin-EDTA) from culture flasks (Greiner TriFlask) and transferred into 50 ml culture medium, washed once and resuspended in PBS. After an additional washing step with PBS and filtration (cell strainer; Falcon Ø 100 μm) the final cell titer was adjusted to 1.5×10e8/ml. Tumor cell suspension was carefully mixed with transfer pipette to avoid cell aggregation. Anesthesia was performed using a Stephens inhalation unit for small animals with preincubation chamber (plexiglas), individual mouse nose-mask (silicon) and not flammable or explosive anesthesia compound Isoflurane (Pharmacia-Upjohn, Germany) in a closed circulation system. Two days before injection, coat of the SCID beige mice were shaved and KPL-4 cells (3×10e6 cells) were injected orthotopically in a volume of 20 μl (using a Hamilton microliter syringe and a 30G×1/2″ needle) into the right penultimate inguinal mammary fat pad of each anesthetized mouse. The cell suspension was injected through the skin under the nipple.

Monitoring

Animals were controlled daily for detection of clinical symptoms of adverse effects. For monitoring throughout the experiment the body weight of the animals was documented two times weekly and the tumor volume was measured by caliper twice weekly. Tumor volume was calculated according to NCI protocol (Tumor weight=½ab2, where “a” and “b” are the long and the short diameters of the tumor, respectively). Termination criteria were the critical tumor mass (up to 1.7 g or Ø>1.5 cm), body weight loss more than 20% from baseline, tumor ulceration or poor general condition of the animals. Study exclusion criteria for the animals are described and approved in the corresponding “Tierversuchsanzeige”.

Treatment

Mice were randomized for tumor volume of 80 mm³ and subsequently treated once weekly with a volume of 10 ml/kg intra peritoneal. For combination treatment Herceptin was given first and Perjeta was given 24 hrs thereafter.

The following bispecific Her2 antibodies was tested: Herceptarg CLC-D1-der: SEQ ID NOs 64, 54, 92. Results are shown in FIG. 32.

No of Dose Route/Mode of Group animals Compound (mg/kg) administration 1 9 Control (Xolair) 10 i.p. once weekly 2 9 Herceptin 10 i.p. once weekly 3 9 Perjeta 10 i.p. once weekly 4 9 Herceptin plus 10 plus 10 i.p. once weekly Perjeta 5 8 Herceptarg 10 i.p. once weekly CLC-D1-der

TABLE 32 Parent sequences of Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab SEQ ID NO Name Sequence Pertuzumab wt (parent) sequences  22 Pertuzumab EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFTDYTMDWVRQAPGKGLEW wt VH VADVNPNSGGSIYNQRFKGRFTLSVDRSKNTLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVY (10289) YCARNLGPSFYFDYWGQGTLVTVSS  21 Pertuzumab GAGGTGCAGCTGGTCGAGTCTGGCGGCGGACTGGTGCAGCCTGGCGG wt VH CAGCCTGAGACTGAGCTGCGCCGCCAGCGGCTTCACCTTCACCGACT (10289) DNA ACACCATGGACTGGGTGCGGCAGGCCCCTGGCAAGGGCCTGGAATGG GTGGCCGACGTGAACCCCAACAGCGGCGGCAGCATCTACAACCAGCG GTTCAAGGGCCGGTTCACCCTGAGCGTGGACAGAAGCAAGAACACCC TGTACCTCCAGATGAACAGCCTGCGGGCCGAGGACACCGCCGTGTAC TACTGCGCCCGGAACCTGGGCCCCAGCTTCTACTTCGACTACTGGGG CCAGGGCACCCTGGTGACCGTGAGCAGCGCTAGCACCAAGGGCCCAT CGGTCTTCCCCCTGGCACCCTCCTCCAAGAGCACCTCTGGGGGCACA GCGGCCCTGGGCTGCCTGGTCAAGGACTACTTCCCCGAACCGGTGAC GGTGTCGTGGAACTCAGGCGCCCTGACCAGCGGCGTGCACACCTTCC CGGCTGTCCTACAGTCCTCAGGACTCTACTCCCTCAGCAGC  14 Pertuzumab GFTFTDYTMD wt VH CDR1  15 Pertuzumab DVNPNSGGSIYNQRFKG wt VH CDR2  16 Pertuzumab NLGPSFYFDY wt VH CDR3 114 Pertuzumab  ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALT wt CH1 SGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKV DKKV  24 Pertuzumab DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKASQDVSIGVAWYQQKPGKAPKLL wt VL IYSASYRYTGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQYYIY (10290) PYTFGQGTKVEIK  23 Pertuzumab GACATCCAGATGACCCAGAGCCCCAGCAGCCTGAGCGCCAGCGTGGG wt VL CGACAGAGTGACCATCACCTGCAAGGCCAGCCAGGACGTGTCCATCG (10290) DNA GCGTGGCCTGGTATCAGCAGAAGCCCGGCAAGGCCCCCAAGCTGCTG ATCTACAGCGCCAGCTACCGGTACACAGGCGTGCCCAGCCGGTTCAG CGGCAGCGGCTCCGGCACCGACTTCACCCTGACCATCAGCAGCCTGC AGCCCGAGGACTTCGCCACCTACTACTGCCAGCAGTACTACATCTAC CCCTACACCTTCGGCCAGGGCACCAAGGTGGAGATCAAG  11 Pertuzumab KASQDVSIGVA wt VL CDR1  12 Pertuzumab SASYRYT wt VL CDR2  13 Pertuzumab QQYYIYPYT wt VL CDR3 113 Pertuzumab RTVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNAL wt CL QSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGL SSPVTKSFNRGEC Trastuzumab wt (parent) sequences  82 Trastuzumab DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQDVNTAVAWYQQKPGKAPKLL VL (4245) IYSASFLYSGVPSRFSGSRSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQHYTT PPTFGQGTKVEIK  81 Trastuzumab GACATCCAGATGACCCAGAGCCCAAGCTCTCTGTCTGCCTCTGTGGG VL (4245) DNA CGACAGAGTGACCATCACCTGCAGAGCCAGCCAGGACGTGAACACAG CCGTGGCCTGGTATCAGCAGAAGCCAGGCAAGGCCCCAAAGCTGCTG ATCTACAGCGCCAGCTTCCTGTACAGCGGCGTGCCAAGCAGATTCAG CGGCAGCAGAAGCGGCACAGACTTCACCCTGACCATCAGCAGCCTGC AGCCAGAGGACTTCGCCACCTACTACTGCCAGCAGCACTACACCACC CCACCAACCTTCGGACAGGGCACCAAGGTGGAGATCAAG  17 Trastuzumab RASQDVNTAVA wt VL CDR1  18 Trastuzumab SASFLYS wt VL CDR2  19 Trastuzumab QQHYTTPPT wt VL CDR3 116 Trastuzumab RTVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNAL wt CL QSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGL SSPVTKSFNRGEC  92 Trastuzumab EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFNIKDTYIHWVRQAPGKGLEW VH VARIYPTNGYTRYADSVKGRFTISADTSKNTAYLQMNSLRAEDTAVY (11345) YCSRWGGDGFYAMDYWGQGTLVTVSS  91 Trastuzumab GAAGTGCAATTGGTGGAAAGCGGCGGCGGCCTGGTGCAACCGGGCGG VH CAGCCTGCGTCTGAGCTGCGCGGCCTCCGGATTTAACATAAAGGACA (11345) DNA CATACATCCACTGGGTGCGCCAAGCACCTGGGAAGGGTCTCGAGTGG GTGGCTCGGATTTACCCAACAAATGGCTACACCAGGTATGCGGATAG CGTGAAAGGCCGTITTACCATTICAGCTGATACTICGAAGAACACCG CCTATCTGCAAATGAACAGCCTGCGTGCGGAAGATACGGCCGTGTAT TATTGCTCGCGTTGGGGAGGAGACGGGTTCTATGCTATGGATTACTG GGGCCAAGGCACCCTGGTGACGGTTAGCTCA  20 Trastuzumab GFNIKDTYIH wt VH CDR1  29 Trastuzumab RIYPTNGYTRYADSVKG wt VH CDR2  30 Trastuzumab WGGDGFYAMDY wt VH CDR3 115 Trastuzumab ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALT wt CH1 SGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKV DKKV

TABLE 33 Sequences of antibodies with common light chain SEQ ID NO Name Sequence Pertuzumab/ Trastuzumab hybrid light chains 26 Pertuzumab DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKASQDVSIGVAWYQQKPGKAPKLL VL (Trast. IYSASYRYTGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQHYTT L3) PPTFGQGTKVEIK (10403) 25 Pertuzumab GACATCCAGATGACCCAGAGCCCCAGCAGCCTGAGCGCCAGCGTGGG VL (Trast. CGACAGAGTGACCATCACATGCAAGGCCAGCCAGGACGTGTCCATCG L3) GCGTGGCCTGGTATCAGCAGAAGCCCGGCAAGGCCCCCAAGCTGCTG (10403)DNA ATCTACAGCGCCAGCTACCGGTACACCGGCGTGCCCAGCAGATTCAG CGGCAGCGGCTCCGGCACCGACTTCACCCTGACCATCAGCAGCCTGC AGCCCGAGGACTTCGCCACCTACTACTGCCAGCAGCACTACACCACC CCCCCCACCTTCGGCCAGGGCACCAAGGTGGAAATCAAG 28 Pertuzumab DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKASQDVSIGVAWYQQKPGKAPKLL VL (Trast. IYSASYRYTGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQ H YIY H91) PYTFGQGTKVEIK (10404) 27 Pertuzumab GACATCCAGATGACCCAGAGCCCCAGCAGCCTGAGCGCCAGCGTGGG VL (Trast. CGACAGAGTGACCATCACCTGCAAGGCCAGCCAGGACGTGTCCATCG H91) GCGTGGCCTGGTATCAGCAGAAGCCCGGCAAGGCCCCCAAGCTGCTG (10404)DNA ATCTACAGCGCCAGCTACCGGTACACAGGCGTGCCCAGCCGGTTCAG CGGCAGCGGCTCCGGCACCGACTTCACCCTGACCATCAGCAGCCTGC AGCCCGAGGACTTCGCCACCTACTACTGCCAGCAGCACTACATCTAC CCCTACACCTTCGGCCAGGGCACCAAGGTGGAGATCAAG 32 Pertuzumab DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITC R ASQDVSIGVAWYQQKPGKAPKLL VL IYSASYRYTGVPSRFSGSGSGTDTTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQHYTT (Tras.L3) PPTFGQGTKVEIK K24R (10949) 31 Pertuzumab GACATCCAGATGACCCAGAGCCCCAGCAGCCTGAGCGCCAGCGTGGG VL CGACAGAGTGACCATCACATGCCGGGCCAGCCAGGACGTGTCCATCG (Tras.L3) GCGTGGCCTGGTATCAGCAGAAGCCCGGCAAGGCCCCCAAGCTGCTG K24R ATCTACAGCGCCAGCTACCGGTACACCGGCGTGCCCAGCAGATTCAG (10949)DNA CGGCAGCGGCTCCGGCACCGACTTCACCCTGACCATCAGCAGCCTGC AGCCCGAGGACTTCGCCACCTACTACTGCCAGCAGCACTACACCACC CCCCCCACCTTCGGCCAGGGCACCAAGGTGGAAATCAAG 34 Pertuzumab DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKASQDV N IGVAWYQQKPGKAPKLL VL IYSASYRYTGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQHYTT (Tras.L3) PPTFGQGTKVEIK S30N (10950) 33 Pertuzumab GACATCCAGATGACCCAGAGCCCCAGCAGCCTGAGCGCCAGCGTGGG VL(Tras.L3) CGACAGAGTGACCATCACATGCAAGGCCAGCCAGGACGTGAACATCG S30N GCGTGGCCTGGTATCAGCAGAAGCCCGGCAAGGCCCCCAAGCTGCTG (10950)DNA ATCTACAGCGCCAGCTACCGGTACACCGGCGTGCCCAGCAGATTCAG CGGCAGCGGCTCCGGCACCGACTTCACCCTGACCATCAGCAGCCTGC AGCCCGAGGACTTCGCCACCTACTACTGCCAGCAGCACTACACCACC CCCCCCACCTTCGGCCAGGGCACCAAGGTGGAAATCAAG 36 Pertuzumab DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKASQDVS T GVAWYQQKPGKAPKLL VL IYSASYRYTGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSTQPEDFATYYCQQHYTT (Tras.L3) PPTFGQGTKVEIK I31T (10951) 35 Pertuzumab GACATCCAGATGACCCAGAGCCCCAGCAGCCTGAGCGCCAGCGTGGG VL CGACAGAGTGACCATCACATGCAAGGCCAGCCAGGACGTGTCCACCG (Tras.L3) GCGTGGCCTGGTATCAGCAGAAGCCCGGCAAGGCCCCCAAGCTGCTG I31T ATCTACAGCGCCAGCTACCGGTACACCGGCGTGCCCAGCAGATTCAG (10951)DNA CGGCAGCGGCTCCGGCACCGACTTCACCCTGACCATCAGCAGCCTGC AGCCCGAGGACTTCGCCACCTACTACTGCCAGCAGCACTACACCACC CCCCCCACCTTCGGCCAGGGCACCAAGGTGGAAATCAAG 38 Pertuzumab DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKASQDVS V GVAWYQQKPGKAPKLL VL IYSASYRYTGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQHYTT (Tras.L3) PPTFGQGTKVEIK I31V (10952) 37 Pertuzumab GACATCCAGATGACCCAGAGCCCCAGCAGCCTGAGCGCCAGCGTGGG VL CGACAGAGTGACCATCACATGCAAGGCCAGCCAGGACGTGTCCGTCG (Tras.L3) GCGTGGCCTGGTATCAGCAGAAGCCCGGCAAGGCCCCCAAGCTGCTG I31V ATCTACAGCGCCAGCTACCGGTACACCGGCGTGCCCAGCAGATTCAG (10952)DNA CGGCAGCGGCTCCGGCACCGACTTCACCCTGACCATCAGCAGCCTGC AGCCCGAGGACTTCGCCACCTACTACTGCCAGCAGCACTACACCACC CCCCCCACCTTCGGCCAGGGCACCAAGGTGGAAATCAAG 40 Pertuzumab DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKASQDVSI A VAWYQQKPGKAPKLL VL IYSASYRYTGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQHYTT (Tras.L3) PPTFGQGTKVEIK G32A (10953) 39 Pertuzumab GACATCCAGATGACCCAGAGCCCCAGCAGCCTGAGCGCCAGCGTGGG VL CGACAGAGTGACCATCACATGCAAGGCCAGCCAGGACGTGTCCATCG (Tras.L3) CCGTGGCCTGGTATCAGCAGAAGCCCGGCAAGGCCCCCAAGCTGCTG G32A ATCTACAGCGCCAGCTACCGGTACACCGGCGTGCCCAGCAGATTCAG (10953)DNA CGGCAGCGGCTCCGGCACCGACTTCACCCTGACCATCAGCAGCCTGC AGCCCGAGGACTTCGCCACCTACTACTGCCAGCAGCACTACACCACC CCCCCCACCTTCGGCCAGGGCACCAAGGTGGAAATCAAG 42 Pertuzumab DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKASQDVSIGVAWYQQKPGKAPKLL VL IYSAS F RYTGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQHYTT (Tras.L3) PPTFGQGTKVEIK Y53F (10954) 41 Pertuzumab GACATCCAGATGACCCAGAGCCCCAGCAGCCTGAGCGCCAGCGTGGG VL(Tras.L3) CGACAGAGTGACCATCACATGCAAGGCCAGCCAGGACGTGTCCATCG Y53F GCGTGGCCTGGTATCAGCAGAAGCCCGGCAAGGCCCCCAAGCTGCTG (10954) DNA ATCTACAGCGCCAGCTTCCGGTACACCGGCGTGCCCAGCAGATTCAG CGGCAGCGGCTCCGGCACCGACTTCACCCTGACCATCAGCAGCCTGC AGCCCGAGGACTTCGCCACCTACTACTGCCAGCAGCACTACACCACC CCCCCCACCTTCGGCCAGGGCACCAAGGTGGAAATCAAG 44 Pertuzumab DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKASQDVSIGVAWYQQKPGKAPKLL VL (Tras.L3) IYSASY L YTGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQHYTT R54L PPTFGQGTKVEIK (10955) 43 Pertuzumab GACATCCAGATGACCCAGAGCCCCAGCAGCCTGAGCGCCAGCGTGGG (Tras.L3) CGACAGAGTGACCATCACATGCAAGGCCAGCCAGGACGTGTCCATCG R54L GCGTGGCCTGGTATCAGCAGAAGCCCGGCAAGGCCCCCAAGCTGCTG (10955) DNA ATCTACAGCGCCAGCTACCTGTACACCGGCGTGCCCAGCAGATTCAG CGGCAGCGGCTCCGGCACCGACTTCACCCTGACCATCAGCAGCCTGC AGCCCGAGGACTTCGCCACCTACTACTGCCAGCAGCACTACACCACC CCCCCCACCTTCGGCCAGGGCACCAAGGTGGAAATCAAG 46 Pertuzumab DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKASQDVSIGVAWYQQKPGKAPKLL (Tras.L3) IYSASYRY S GVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQHYTT T56S PPTFGQGTKVEIK (10956) 45 Pertuzumab GACATCCAGATGACCCAGAGCCCCAGCAGCCTGAGCGCCAGCGTGGG (Tras.L3) CGACAGAGTGACCATCACATGCAAGGCCAGCCAGGACGTGTCCATCG T56S GCGTGGCCTGGTATCAGCAGAAGCCCGGCAAGGCCCCCAAGCTGCTG (10956) DNA ATCTACAGCGCCAGCTACCGGTACAGCGGCGTGCCCAGCAGATTCAG CGGCAGCGGCTCCGGCACCGACTTCACCCTGACCATCAGCAGCCTGC AGCCCGAGGACTTCGCCACCTACTACTGCCAGCAGCACTACACCACC CCCCCCACCTTCGGCCAGGGCACCAAGGTGGAAATCAAG 48 Pertuzumab DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKASQDVSIGVAWYQQKPGKAPKLL (Tras.L3) IYSASYRYTGVPSRFSGS R SGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQHYTT G66R PPTFGQGTKVEIK (10957) 47 Pertuzumab GACATCCAGATGACCCAGAGCCCCAGCAGCCTGAGCGCCAGCGTGGG (Tras.L3) CGACAGAGTGACCATCACATGCAAGGCCAGCCAGGACGTGTCCATCG G66R GCGTGGCCTGGTATCAGCAGAAGCCCGGCAAGGCCCCCAAGCTGCTG (10957) DNA ATCTACAGCGCCAGCTACCGGTACACCGGCGTGCCCAGCAGATTCAG CGGCAGCCGCTCCGGCACCGACTTCACCCTGACCATCAGCAGCCTGC AGCCCGAGGACTTCGCCACCTACTACTGCCAGCAGCACTACACCACC CCCCCCACCTTCGGCCAGGGCACCAAGGTGGAAATCAAG 50 Pertuzumab DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKASQDVSIGVAWYQQKPGKAPKLL (Tras.L3) IYSASYRYTGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQHYTY T94Y PPTFGQGTKVEIK (10958) 49 Pertuzumab ACATCCAGATGACCCAGAGCCCCAGCAGCCTGAGCGCCAGCGTGGGC (Tras.L3) GACAGAGTGACCATCACATGCAAGGCCAGCCAGGACGTGTCCATCGG T94Y CGTGGCCTGGTATCAGCAGAAGCCCGGCAAGGCCCCCAAGCTGCTGA (10958) DNA TCTACAGCGCCAGCTACCGGTACACCGGCGTGCCCAGCAGATTCAGC GGCAGCGGCTCCGGCACCGACTTCACCCTGACCATCAGCAGCCTGCA GCCCGAGGACTTCGCCACCTACTACTGCCAGCAGCACTACACCTACC CCCCCACCTTCGGCCAGGGCACCAAGGTGGAAATCAAG 52 Pertuzumab DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKASQDVSIGVAWYQQKPGKAPKLL (Tras.L3) IYSASYRYTGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQHYTT P96Y P Y TFGQGTKVEIK (10959) 51 Pertuzumab GACATCCAGATGACCCAGAGCCCCAGCAGCCTGAGCGCCAGCGTGGG (Tras.L3) CGACAGAGTGACCATCACATGCAAGGCCAGCCAGGACGTGTCCATCG P96Y GCGTGGCCTGGTATCAGCAGAAGCCCGGCAAGGCCCCCAAGCTGCTG (10959) DNA ATCTACAGCGCCAGCTACCGGTACACCGGCGTGCCCAGCAGATTCAG CGGCAGCGGCTCCGGCACCGACTTCACCCTGACCATCAGCAGCCTGC AGCCCGAGGACTTCGCCACCTACTACTGCCAGCAGCACTACACCACC CCCTACACCTTCGGCCAGGGCACCAAGGTGGAAATCAAG 54 Pertuzumab DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKASQDVSTAVAWYQQKPGKAPKLL (Tras.L3) IYSASFRYTGVPSRFSGSRSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQHYTT (QM) PPTFGQGTKVEIK (11055) 53 Pertuzumab GACATCCAGATGACCCAGAGCCCCAGCAGCCTGTCTGCCAGCGTGGG (Tras.L3) CGACAGAGTGACCATCACATGCAAGGCCAGCCAGGACGTGTCCACAG (QM) CCGTGGCCTGGTATCAGCAGAAGCCTGGCAAGGCCCCCAAGCTGCTG (11055)DNA ATCTACAGCGCCAGCTTCCGGTACACCGGCGTGCCCAGCAGATTCAG CGGCAGCAGATCCGGCACCGACTTCACCCTGACCATCAGCTCCCTGC AGCCCGAGGACTTCGCCACCTACTACTGCCAGCAGCACTACACCACC CCCCCCACATTTGGCCAGGGCACCAAGGTGGAAATCAAG 89 Pertuzumab KASQDVSTAVA (Tras.L3) (QM)-CDR1 90 Pertuzumab SASFRYT (Tras.L3) (QM)-CDR2 19 Pertuzumab QQHYTTPPT (Tras.L3) (QM)-CDR3 Pertuzumab/Trastuzumab hybrid light chain affinity matured VH clones 62 Pertuzumab EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFNDYTMDWVRQAPGKGLEW aff.mat. VADVNPNSGGSIYNQRFKGRFTLSVDRSKNTLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVY clone D1 YCARNLGPFFYFDYWGQGTLVTVSS 61 Pertuzumab GAGGTGCAATTGGTTGAAAGCGGTGGTGGTCTGGTTCAGCCTGGTGG aff.mat. TAGCCTGCGTCTGAGCTGTGCAGCAAGCGGTTTTACCTTTAACGATT clone D1 ATACCATGGATTGGGTTCGTCAGGCACCGGGTAAAGGTCTGGAATGG DNA GTTGCAGATGTTAATCCGAATAGCGGTGGTAGCATTTATAACCAGCG TTTTAAAGGTCGTTTTACCCTGAGCGTTGATCGTAGCAAAAATACCC TGTATCTGCAAATGAATAGTCTGCGTGCAGAGGATACCGCAGTGTAT TATTGTGCACGTAACCTGGGTCCGTTCTTCTACTTTGATTATTGGGG TCAGGGCACCCTGGTTACCGTTAGCAGC 55 Pertuzumab GFTFNDYTMD aff.mat. clone D1- VH CDR1 15 Pertuzumab DVNPNSGGSIYNQRFKG aff.mat. clone D1- VH CDR2 56 Pertuzumab NLGPFFYFDY aff.mat. clone D1- VH CDR3 64 Pertuzumab EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFNDYTMDWVRQAPGKGLEW aff.mat. VADVNPNSGGSIVNRRFKGRFTLSVDRSKNTLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVY clone D1- YCARNLGPFFYFDYWGQGTLVTVSS derived 63 Pertuzumab GAGGTGCAATTGGTTGAAAGCGGTGGTGGTCTGGTTCAGCCTGGTGG aff.mat. TAGCCTGCGTCTGAGCTGTGCAGCAAGCGGTTTTACCTTTAACGATT clone D1- ATACCATGGATTGGGTTCGTCAGGCACCGGGTAAAGGTCTGGAATGG derived, GTTGCAGATGTTAATCCGAATAGCGGTGGTAGCATTGTTAACCGTCG DNA TTTTAAAGGTCGTTTTACCCTGAGCGTTGATCGTAGCAAAAATACCC TGTATCTGCAAATGAATAGTCTGCGTGCAGAGGATACCGCAGTGTAT TATTGTGCACGTAACCTGGGTCCGTTCTTCTACTTTGATTATTGGGG TCAGGGCACCCTGGTTACCGTTAGCAGC 55 Pertuzumab GFTFNDYTMD aff.mat. clone D1- derived VH CDR1 77 Pertuzumab DVNPNSGGSIVNRRFKG aff.mat. clone D1- derived VH CDR2 56 Pertuzumab NLGPFFYFDY aff.mat. clone D1- derived VH CDR3 66 Pertuzumab EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFNDYTMDWFRQAPGKGLEW aff.mat. VADVNPNSGGSIYNQRFKGRFTLSVDRSKNTLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVY clone B2 YCARNLGPNFYFDYWGQGTLVTVSS 65 Pertuzumab GAGGTGCAATTGGTTGAAAGCGGTGGTGGTCTGGTTCAGCCTGGTGG aff.mat. TAGCCTGCGTCTGAGCTGTGCAGCAAGCGGTTTTACCTTTAACGATT clone B2, ATACCATGGATTGGTTTCGTCAGGCACCGGGTAAAGGTCTGGAATGG DNA GTTGCAGATGTTAATCCGAATAGCGGTGGTAGCATTTATAACCAGCG TTTTAAAGGTCGTTTTACCCTGAGCGTTGATCGTAGCAAAAATACCC TGTATCTGCAAATGAATAGTCTGCGTGCAGAGGATACCGCAGTGTAT TATTGTGCACGTAATCTGGGTCCGAACTTCTACTTTGATTATTGGGG TCAGGGCACCCTGGTTACCGTTAGCAGC 55 Pertuzumab GFTFNDYTMD aff.mat. clone B2- VH CDR1 15 Pertuzumab DVNPNSGGSIYNQRFKG aff.mat. clone B2- VH CDR2 57 Pertuzumab NLGPNFYFDY aff.mat. clone B2- VH CDR3 68 Pertuzumab EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFADYTMDWVRQAPGKGLEW aff.mat. VADVNPNSGGSIYNQRFKGRFTLSVDRSKNTLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVY clone E1 YCARNLGPWFYFDYWGQGTLVTVSS 67 Pertuzumab GAGGTGCAATTGGTTGAAAGCGGTGGTGGTCTGGTTCAGCCTGGTGG aff.mat. TAGCCTGCGTCTGAGCTGTGCAGCAAGCGGTTTTACCTTTGCAGATT clone E1, ATACCATGGATTGGGTTCGTCAGGCACCGGGTAAAGGTCTGGAATGG DNA GTTGCAGATGTTAATCCGAATAGCGGTGGTAGCATTTATAACCAGCG TTTTAAAGGTCGTTTTACCCTGAGCGTTGATCGTAGCAAAAATACCC TGTATCTGCAAATGAATAGTCTGCGTGCAGAGGATACCGCAGTGTAT TATTGTGCACGTAATCTGGGTCCGTGGTTCTACTTTGATTATTGGGG TCAGGGCACCCTGGTTACCGTTAGCAGC 58 Pertuzumab GFTFADYTMD aff.mat. clone E1- VH CDR1 15 Pertuzumab DVNPNSGGSIYNQRFKG aff.mat. clone E1- VH CDR2 59 Pertuzumab NLGPWFYFDY aff.mat. clone E1- VH CDR3 70 Pertuzumab EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFTDYTMDWVRQAPGKGLEW aff.mat. VADVNPNSGGYIVNRRFKGRFTLSVDRSKNTLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVY clone G2 YCARNLGPSFYFDYWGQGTLVTVSS 69 Pertuzumab GAGGTGCAATTGGTTGAAAGCGGTGGTGGTCTGGTTCAGCCTGGTGG aff.mat. TAGCCTGCGTCTGAGCTGTGCAGCAAGCGGTTTTACCTTTACCGATT clone G2, ACACAATGGATTGGGTTCGTCAGGCACCGGGTAAAGGTCTGGAATGG DNA GTTGCAGATGTTAATCCGAACTCTGGTGGTTACATTGTTAACCGTCG TTTTAAAGGTCGTTTTACCCTGAGCGTTGATCGTAGCAAAAATACCC TGTATCTGCAAATGAATAGTCTGCGTGCAGAGGATACCGCAGTGTAT TATTGTGCACGTAATCTGGGTCCGAGCTTCTATTTTGATTATTGGGG TCAGGGCACCCTGGTTACCGTTAGCAGC 14 Pertuzumab GFTFTDYTMD aff.mat. clone G2- VH CDR1 60 Pertuzumab DVNPNSGGYIVNRRFKG aff.mat. clone G2- VH CDR2 16 Pertuzumab NLGPSFYFDY aff.mat. clone G2- VH CDR3 72 Pertuzumab EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFTDYTMDWVRQAPGKGLEW aff.mat. VADVNPNSGGSIMNRRFKGRFTLSVDRSKNTLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVY clone C8 YCARNLGPSFYFDYWGQGTLVTVSS 71 Pertuzumab GAGGTGCAATTGGTTGAAAGCGGTGGTGGTCTGGTTCAGCCTGGTGG aff.mat. TAGCCTGCGTCTGAGCTGTGCAGCAAGCGGTTTTACCTTTACCGATT clone C8, ACACAATGGATTGGGTTCGTCAGGCACCGGGTAAAGGTCTGGAATGG DNA GTTGCAGATGTTAATCCGAACTCTGGTGGTTCTATTATGAACCGTCG TTTTAAAGGTCGTTTTACCCTGAGCGTTGATCGTAGCAAAAATACCC TGTATCTGCAAATGAATAGTCTGCGTGCAGAGGATACCGCAGTGTAT TATTGTGCACGTAATCTGGGTCCGAGCTTCTATTTTGATTATTGGGG TCAGGGCACCCTGGTTACCGTTAGCAGC 14 Pertuzumab GFTFTDYTMD aff.mat. clone C8- VH CDR1 75 Pertuzumab DVNPNSGGSIMNRRFKG aff.mat. clone C8- VH CDR2 16 Pertuzumab NLGPSFYFDY aff.mat. clone C8- VH CDR3 74 Pertuzumab EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFTDYTMDWVRQAPGKGLEW aff.mat. VADVNPNSGGSIVNQRFKGRFTLSVDRSKNTLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVY clone A1 YCARNLGPWFYFDYWGQGTLVTVSS 73 Pertuzumab GAGGTGCAATTGGTTGAAAGCGGTGGTGGTCTGGTTCAGCCTGGTGG aff.mat. TAGCCTGCGTCTGAGCTGTGCAGCAAGCGGTTTTACCTTTACCGATT clone A1, ACACAATGGATTGGGTTCGTCAGGCACCGGGTAAAGGTCTGGAATGG DNA GTTGCAGATGTTATCCGAACTCTGGTGGTTCTATTGTTAACCAGCG TTTTAAAGGTCGTTTTACCCTGAGCGTTGATCGTAGCAAAAATACCC TGTATCTGCAAATGAATAGTCTGCGTGCAGAGGATACCGCAGTGTAT TATTGTGCACGTAATCTGGGTCCGTGGTTCTACTTTGATTATTGGGG TCAGGGCACCCTGGTTACCGTTAGCAGC 14 Pertuzumab GFTFTDYTMD aff.mat. clone A1- VH CDR1 76 Pertuzumab DVNPNSGGSIVNQRFKG aff.mat. clone A1- VH CDR2 59 Pertuzumab NLGPWFYFDY aff.mat. clone A1- VH CDR3 Trastuzumab Stabilization Variants 84 Trastuzumab DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQDVN A AVAWYQQKPGKAPKLL VL T31A IYSASFLYSGVPSRFSGSRSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQHYTT (6641) PPTFGQGTKVEIK 83 Trastuzumab GATATCCAGATGACCCAGTCTCCATCCTCCCTGTCTGCATCTGTAGG VL T31A AGACAGAGTCACCATCACTTGCCGGGCAAGTCAGGACGTGAACGCCG (6641) CTGTAGCGTGGTACCAGCAGAAACCAGGTAAGGCACCGAAGCTATTA ATTTATAGTGCGAGCTTCCTGTACAGTGGGGTCCCGTCGCGTTTTAG CGGCTCTCGATCCGGCACGGATTTTACCCTGACCATTAGCAGCCTGC AGCCTGAAGACTTTGCGACATATTATTGCCAACAGCACTACACAACT CCTCCCACCTITGGCCAGGGTACGAAAGTTGAAATTAA 103 Trastuzumab RASQDVNAAVA VL T31A (6641)CDR1 18 Trastuzumab SASFLYS VL T31A (6641)CDR2 19 Trastuzumab QQHYTTPPT VL T31A (6641)CDR3 86 Trastuzumab DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQDVN V AVAWYQQKPGKAPKLL VL T31V IYSASFLYSGVPSRFSGSRSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQHYTT (6642) PPTFGQGTKVEIK 85 Trastuzumab GATATCCAGATGACCCAGTCTCCATCCTCCCTGTCTGCATCTGTAGG VL T31V AGACAGAGTCACCATCACTTGCCGGGCAAGTCAGGACGTGAACGTGG (6642)DNA CTGTAGCGTGGTACCAGCAGAAACCAGGTAAGGCACCGAAGCTATTA ATTTATAGTGCGAGCTTCCTGTACAGTGGGGTCCCGTCGCGTTTTAG CGGCTCTCGATCCGGCACGGATTTTACCCTGACCATTAGCAGCCTGC AGCCTGAAGACTTTGCGACATATTATTGCCAACAGCACTACACAACT CCTCCCACCTTTGGCCAGGGTACGAAAGTTGAAATTAAAG 104 Trastuzumab RASQDVNVAVA VL T31V (6642)CDR1 18 Trastuzumab SASFLYS VL T31V (6642)CDR2 19 Trastuzumab QQHYTTPPT VL T31V (6642)CDR3 158 Trastuzumab RASQDVSTAVA VL N30S CDR1 94 Trastuzumab EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFNIKDTYIHWVRQAPGKGLEW VH (D98N) VARIYPTNGYTRYADSVKGRFTISADTSKNTAYLQMNSLRAEDTAVY (6636) YCSRWGG N GFYAMDYWGQGTLVTVSS 93 Trastuzumab GAAGTGCAATTGGTGGAAAGCGGCGGCGGCCTGGTGCAACCGGGCGG VH (D98N) CAGCCTGCGTCTGAGCTGCGCGGCCTCCGGATTTAACATAAAGGACA (6636) DNA CATACATCCACTGGGTGCGCCAAGCACCTGGGAAGGGTCTCGAGTGG GTGGCTCGGATTTACCCAACAAATGGCTACACCAGGTATGCGGATAG CGTGAAAGGCCGTTTTACCATTTCAGCTGATACTTCGAAGAACACCG CCTATCTGCAAATGAACAGCCTGCGTGCGGAAGATACGGCCGTGTAT TATTGCTCGCGTTGGGGAGGAAACGGGTTCTATGCTATGGATTACTG GGGCCAAGGCACCCTGGTGACGGTTAGCTCA 20 Trastuzumab GFNIKDTYIH VH (D98N) (6636) CDR1 29 Trastuzumab RIYPTNGYTRYADSVKG VH (D98N) (6636) CDR2 78 Trastuzumab WGGNGFYAMDY VH (D98N) (6636) CDR3 96 Trastuzumab EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFNIKDTYIHWVRQAPGKGLEW VH (D98E) VARIYPTNGYTRYADSVKGRFTISADTSKNTAYLQMNSLRAEDTAVY (6637) YCSRWGG E GFYAMDYWGQGTLVTVSS 95 Trastuzumab GAAGTGCAATTGGTGGAAAGCGGCGGCGGCCTGGTGCAACCGGGCGG VH (D98E) CAGCCTGCGTCTGAGCTGCGCGGCCTCCGGATTTAACATAAAGGACA (6637) DNA CATACATCCACTGGGTGCGCCAAGCACCTGGGAAGGGTCTCGAGTGG GTGGCTCGGATTTACCCAACAAATGGCTACACCAGGTATGCGGATAG CGTGAAAGGCCGTTTTACCATTTCAGCTGATACTTCGAAGAACACCG CCTATCTGCAAATGAACAGCCTGCGTGCGGAAGATACGGCCGTGTAT TATTGCTCGCGTTGGGGAGGAGAGGGGTTCTATGCTATGGATTACTG GGGCCAAGGCACCCTGGTGACGGTTAGCTCA 20 Trastuzumab GFNIKDTYIH VH (D98E) (6637) CDR1 29 Trastuzumab RIYPTNGYTRYADSVKG VH (D98E) (6637) CDR2 79 Trastuzumab WGGEGFYAMDY VH (D98E) (6637) CDR3 98 Trastuzumab EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFNIKDTYIHWVRQAPGKGLEW VH (D98T) VARIYPTNGYTRYADSVKGRFTISADTSKNTAYLQMNSLRAEDTAVY (6638) YCSRWGGTGFYAMDYWGQGTLVTVSS 97 Trastuzumab GAAGTGCAATTGGTGGAAAGCGGCGGCGGCCTGGTGCAACCGGGCGG VH (D98T) CAGCCTGCGTCTGAGCTGCGCGGCCTCCGGATTTAACATAAAGGACA (6638) DNA CATACATCCACTGGGTGCGCCAAGCACCTGGGAAGGGTCTCGAGTGG GTGGCTCGGATTTACCCAACAAATGGCTACACCAGGTATGCGGATAG CGTGAAAGGCCGTTTTACCATTTCAGCTGATACTTCGAAGAACACCG CCTATCTGCAAATGAACAGCCTGCGTGCGGAAGATACGGCCGTGTAT TATTGCTCGCGTTGGGGAGGAACCGGGTTCTATGCTATGGATTACTG GGGCCAAGGCACCCTGGTGACGGTTAGCTCA 20 Trastuzumab GFNIKDTYIH VH (D98T) (6638) CDR1 29 Trastuzumab RIYPTNGYTRYADSVKG VH (D98T) (6638) CDR2 80 Trastuzumab WGGTGFYAMDY VH (D98T) (6638) CDR3 100 Trastuzumab EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFNIKDTYIHWVRQAPGKGLEW VH (G99A) VARIYPTNGYTRYADSVKGRFTISADTSKNTAYLQMNSLRAEDTAVY (6639) YCSRWGGD A FYAMDYWGQGTLVTVSS 99 Trastuzumab GAAGTGCAATTGGTGGAAAGCGGCGGCGGCCTGGTGCAACCGGGCGG VH (G99A) CAGCCTGCGTCTGAGCTGCGCGGCCTCCGGATTTAACATAAAGGACA (6639) DNA CATACATCCACTGGGTGCGCCAAGCACCTGGGAAGGGTCTCGAGTGG GTGGCTCGGATTTACCCAACAAATGGCTACACCAGGTATGCGGATAG CGTGAAAGGCCGTTTTACCATTTCAGCTGATACTTCGAAGAACACCG CCTATCTGCAAATGAACAGCCTGCGTGCGGAAGATACGGCCGTGTAT TATTGCTCGCGTTGGGGAGGAGACGCCTTCTATGCTATGGATTACTG GGGCCAAGGCACCCTGGTGACGGTTAGCTCA 20 Trastuzumab GFNIKDTYIII VH (G99A) (6639) CDR1 29 Trastuzumab RIYPTNGYTRYADSVKG VH (G99A) (6639) CDR2 87 Trastuzumab WGGDAFYAMDY VH (G99A) (6639) CDR3 102 Trastuzumab EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFNIKDTYIHWVRQAPGKGLEW VH (G99S) VARIYPTNGYTRYADSVKGRFTISADTSKNTAYLQMNSLRAEDTAVY (6640) YCSRWGGD S FYAMDYWGQGTLVTVSS 101 Trastuzumab GAAGTGCAATTGGTGGAAAGCGGCGGCGGCCTGGTGCAACCGGGCGG VH (G99S) CAGCCTGCGTCTGAGCTGCGCGGCCTCCGGATTTAACATAAAGGACA (6640) DNA CATACATCCACTGGGTGCGCCAAGCACCTGGGAAGGGTCTCGAGTGG GTGGCTCGGATTTACCCAACAAATGGCTACACCAGGTATGCGGATAG CGTGAAAGGCCGTTTTACCATTTCAGCTGATACTTCGAAGAACACCG CCTATCTGCAAATGAACAGCCTGCGTGCGGAAGATACGGCCGTGTAT TATTGCTCGCGTTGGGGAGGAGACAGCTTCTATGCTATGGATTACTG GGGCCAAGGCACCCTGGTGACGGTTAGCTCA 20 Trastuzumab GFNIKDTYIII VH (G99S) (6640) CDR1 29 Trastuzumab RIYPTNGYTRYADSVKG VH (G99S) (6640) CDR2 88 Trastuzumab WGGDSFYAMDY VH (G99S) (6640) CDR3

TABLE 34 Antigens SEQ ID NO Name Sequence  2 Her2 ECD MGWSCIILFLVATATGVHSTQVCTGTDMKLRLPASPETHLDMLRHLY QGCQVVQGNLELTYLPTNASLSFLQDIQEVQGYVLIAHNQVRQVPLQ RLRIVRGTQLFEDNYALAVLDNGDPLNNTTPVTGASPGGLRELQLRS LTEILKGGVLIQRNPQLCYQDTILWKDIFHKNNQLALTLIDTNRSRA CHPCSPMCKGSRCWGESSEDCQSLTRTVCAGGCARCKGPLPTDCCHE QCAAGCTGPKHSDCLACLHFNHSGICELHCPALVTYNTDTFESMPNP EGRYTFGASCVTACPYNYLSTDVGSCTLVCPLHNQEVTAEDGTQRCE KCSKPCARVCYGLGMEHLREVRAVTSANIQEFAGCKKIFGSLAFLPE SFDGDPASNTAPLQPEQLQVFETLEEITGYLYISAWPDSLPDLSVFQ NLQVIRGRILHNGAYSLTLQGLGISWLGLRSLRELGSGLALIHHNTH LCFVHTVPWDQLFRNPHQALLHTANRPEDECVGEGLACHQLCARGHC WGPGPTQCVNCSQFLRGQECVEECRVLQGLPREYVNARHCLPCHPEC QPQNGSVTCFGLEADQCVACAHYKDPPFCVARCPSGVKPDLSYMPIW KFPDEEGACQPCPINCTHSCVDLDDKGCPAEQRASPLTVDEQLYFQG GSGLNDIFEAQKIEWHEARAHHHHHH  1 Her2 ECD ACCCAAGTGTGCACCGGCACAGACATGAAGCTGCGGCTCCCTGCCAG DNA TCCCGAGACCCACCTGGACATGCTCCGCCACCTCTACCAGGGCTGCC AGGTGGTGCAGGGAAACCTGGAACTCACCTACCTGCCCACCAATGCC AGCCTGTCCTTCCTGCAGGATATCCAGGAGGTGCAGGGCTACGTGCT CATCGCTCACAACCAAGTGAGGCAGGTCCCACTGCAGAGGCTGCGGA TTGTGCGAGGCACCCAGCTCTTTGAGGACAACTATGCCCTGGCCGTG CTAGACAATGGAGACCCGCTGAACAATACCACCCCTGTCACAGGGGC CTCCCCAGGAGGCCTGCGGGAGCTGCAGCTTCGAAGCCTCACAGAGA TCTTGAAAGGAGGGGTCTTGATCCAGCGGAACCCCCAGCTCTGCTAC CAGGACACGATTTTGTGGAAGGACATCTTCCACAAGAACAACCAGCT GGCTCTCACACTGATAGACACCAACCGCTCTCGGGCCTGCCACCCCT GTTCTCCGATGTGTAAGGGCTCCCGCTGCTGGGGAGAGAGTTCTGAG GATTGTCAGAGCCTGACGCGCACTGTCTGTGCCGGTGGCTGTGCCCG CTGCAAGGGGCCACTGCCCACTGACTGCTGCCATGAGCAGTGTGCTG CCGGCTGCACGGGCCCCAAGCACTCTGACTGCCTGGCCTGCCTCCAC TTCAACCACAGTGGCATCTGTGAGCTGCACTGCCCAGCCCTGGTCAC CTACAACACAGACACGTTTGAGTCCATGCCCAATCCCGAGGGCCGGT ATACATTCGGCGCCAGCTGTGTGACTGCCTGTCCCTACAACTACCTT TCTACGGACGTGGGATCCTGCACCCTCGTCTGCCCCCTGCACAACCA AGAGGTGACAGCAGAGGATGGAACACAGCGGTGTGAGAAGTGCAGCA AGCCCTGTGCCCGAGTGTGCTATGGTCTGGGCATGGAGCACTTGCGA GAGGTGAGGGCAGTTACCAGTGCCAATATCCAGGAGTTTGCTGGCTG CAAGAAGATCTTTGGGAGCCTGGCATTTCTGCCGGAGAGCTTTGATG GGGACCCAGCCTCCAACACTGCCCCGCTCCAGCCAGAGCAGCTCCAA GTGTTTGAGACTCTGGAAGAGATCACAGGTTACCTATACATCTCAGC ATGGCCGGACAGCCTGCCTGACCTCAGCGTCTTCCAGAACCTGCAAG TAATCCGGGGACGAATTCTGCACAATGGCGCCTACTCGCTGACCCTG CAAGGGCTGGGCATCAGCTGGCTGGGGCTGCGCTCACTGAGGGAACT GGGCAGTGGACTGGCCCTCATCCACCATAACACCCACCTCTGCTTCG TGCACACGGTGCCCTGGGACCAGCTCTTTCGGAACCCGCACCAAGCT CTGCTCCACACTGCCAACCGGCCAGAGGACGAGTGTGTGGGCGAGGG CCTGGCCTGCCACCAGCTGTGCGCCCGAGGGCACTGCTGGGGTCCAG GGCCCACCCAGTGTGTCAACTGCAGCCAGTTCCTTCGGGGCCAGGAG TGCGTGGAGGAATGCCGAGTACTGCAGGGGCTCCCCAGGGAGTATGT GAATGCCAGGCACTGTTTGCCGTGCCACCCTGAGTGTCAGCCCCAGA ATGGCTCAGTGACCTGTTTTGGACTGGAGGCTGACCAGTGTGTGGCC TGTGCCCACTATAAGGACCCTCCCTTCTGCGTGGCCCGCTGCCCCAG CGGTGTGAAACCTGACCTCTCCTACATGCCCATCTGGAAGTTTCCAG ATGAGGAGGGCGCATGCCAGCCTTGCCCCATCAACTGCACCCACTCC TGTGTGGACCTGGATGACAAGGGCTGCCCCGCCGAGCAGAGAGCCAG CCCTCTGACGGTCGACGAACAGTTATATTTTCAGGGCGGCTCAGGCC TGAACGACATCTTCGAGGCCCAGAAGATCGAGTGGCACGAGGCTCGA GCTCACCACCATCACCATCAC  4 Fc (hole) DKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVS HEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWL NGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVCTLPPSRDELTKN QVSLSCAVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLVS KLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNRFTQKSLSLSPGK  3 Fc (hole)  GACAAAACTCACACATGCCCACCGTGCCCAGCACCTGAACTCCTGGG DNA GGGACCGTCAGTCTTCCTCTTCCCCCCAAAACCCAAGGACACCCTCA TGATCTCCCGGACCCCTGAGGTCACATGCGTGGTGGTGGACGTGAGC CACGAAGACCCTGAGGTCAAGTTCAACTGGTACGTGGACGGCGTGGA GGTGCATAATGCCAAGACAAAGCCGCGGGAGGAGCAGTACAACAGCA CGTACCGTGTGGTCAGCGTCCTCACCGTCCTGCACCAGGACTGGCTG AATGGCAAGGAGTACAAGTGCAAGGTCTCCAACAAAGCCCTCCCAGC CCCCATCGAGAAAACCATCTCCAAAGCCAAAGGGCAGCCCCGAGAAC CACAGGTGTGCACCCTGCCCCCATCCCGGGATGAGCTGACCAAGAAC CAGGTCAGCCTCTCGTGCGCAGTCAAAGGCTTCTATCCCAGCGACAT CGCCGTGGAGTGGGAGAGCAATGGGCAGCCGGAGAACAACTACAAGA CCACGCCTCCCGTGCTGGACTCCGACGGCTCCTTCTTCCTCGTGAGC AAGCTCACCGTGGACAAGAGCAGGTGGCAGCAGGGGAACGTCTTCTC ATGCTCCGTGATGCATGAGGCTCTGCACAACCGCTTCACGCAGAAGA GCCTCTCCCTGTCTCCGGGTAAA  6 Her2 ECD- TQVCTGTDMKLRLPASPETHLDMLRHLYQGCQVVQGNLELTYLPTNA Fc (knob) SLSFLQDIQEVQGYVLIAHNQVRQVPLQRLRIVRGTQLFEDNYALAV LDNGDPLNNTTPVTGASPGGLRELQLRSLIEILKGGVLIQRNPQLCY QDTILWKDIFHKNNQLALTLIDTNRSRACHPCSPMCKGSRCWGESSE DCQSLTRTVCAGGCARCKGPLPTDCCHEQCAAGCTGPKHSDCLACLH FNHSGICELHCPALVTYNTDTFESMPNPEGRYTFGASCVTACPYNYL STDVGSCTLVCPLHNQEVTAEDGTQRCEKCSKPCARVCYGLGMEHLR EVRAVTSANIQEFAGCKKIFGSLAFLPESFDGDPASNTAPLQPEQLQ VFETLEEITGYLYISAWPDSLPDLSVFQNLQVIRGRILHNGAYSLTL QGLGISWLGLRSLRELGSGLALIHHNTHLCFVHTVPWDQLFRNPHQA LLHTANRPEDECVGEGLACHQLCARGHCWGPGPTQCVNCSQFLRGQE CVEECRVLQGLPREYVNARHCLPCHPECQPQNGSVTCFGLEADQCVA CAHYKDPPFCVARCPSGVKPDLSYMPIWKFPDEEGACQPCPINCTHS CVDLDDKGCPAEQRASPLTVDGGSPTPPTPGGGSADKTHTCPPCPAP ELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYV DGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNK ALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPCRDELTKNQVSLWCLVKGFY PSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQG NVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGKSGGLNDIFEAQKIEWHE  5 Her2 ECD- ACCCAAGTGTGCACCGGCACAGACATGAAGCTGCGGCTCCCTGCCAG Fc (knob)  TCCCGAGACCCACCTGGACATGCTCCGCCACCTCTACCAGGGCTGCC DNA AGGTGGTGCAGGGAAACCTGGAACTCACCTACCTGCCCACCAATGCC AGCCTGTCCTTCCTGCAGGATATCCAGGAGGTGCAGGGCTACGTGCT CATCGCTCACAACCAAGTGAGGCAGGTCCCACTGCAGAGGCTGCGGA TTGTGCGAGGCACCCAGCTCTTTGAGGACAACTATGCCCTGGCCGTG CTAGACAATGGAGACCCGCTGAACAATACCACCCCTGTCACAGGGGC CTCCCCAGGAGGCCTGCGGGAGCTGCAGCTTCGAAGCCTCACAGAGA TCTTGAAAGGAGGGGTCTTGATCCAGCGGAACCCCCAGCTCTGCTAC CAGGACACGATTTTGTGGAAGGACATCTTCCACAAGAACAACCAGCT GGCTCTCACACTGATAGACACCAACCGCTCTCGGGCCTGCCACCCCT GTTCTCCGATGTGTAAGGGCTCCCGCTGCTGGGGAGAGAGTTCTGAG GATTGTCAGAGCCTGACGCGCACTGTCTGTGCCGGTGGCTGTGCCCG CTGCAAGGGGCCACTGCCCACTGACTGCTGCCATGAGCAGTGTGCTG CCGGCTGCACGGGCCCCAAGCACTCTGACTGCCTGGCCTGCCTCCAC TTCAACCACAGTGGCATCTGTGAGCTGCACTGCCCAGCCCTGGTCAC CTACAACACAGACACGTTTGAGTCCATGCCCAATCCCGAGGGCCGGT ATACATTCGGCGCCAGCTGTGTGACTGCCTGTCCCTACAACTACCTT TCTACGGACGTGGGATCCTGCACCCTCGTCTGCCCCCTGCACAACCA AGAGGTGACAGCAGAGGATGGAACACAGCGGTGTGAGAAGTGCAGCA AGCCCTGTGCCCGAGTGTGCTATGGTCTGGGCATGGAGCACTTGCGA GAGGTGAGGGCAGTTACCAGTGCCAATATCCAGGAGTTTGCTGGCTG CAAGAAGATCTTTGGGAGCCTGGCATTTCTGCCGGAGAGCTTTGATG GGGACCCAGCCTCCAACACTGCCCCGCTCCAGCCAGAGCAGCTCCAA GTGTTTGAGACTCTGGAAGAGATCACAGGTTACCTATACATCTCAGC ATGGCCGGACAGCCTGCCTGACCTCAGCGTCTTCCAGAACCTGCAAG TAATCCGGGGACGAATTCTGCACAATGGCGCCTACTCGCTGACCCTG CAAGGGCTGGGCATCAGCTGGCTGGGGCTGCGCTCACTGAGGGAACT GGGCAGTGGACTGGCCCTCATCCACCATAACACCCACCTCTGCTTCG TGCACACGGTGCCCTGGGACCAGCTCTTTCGGAACCCGCACCAAGCT CTGCTCCACACTGCCAACCGGCCAGAGGACGAGTGTGTGGGCGAGGG CCTGGCCTGCCACCAGCTGTGCGCCCGAGGGCACTGCTGGGGTCCAG GGCCCACCCAGTGTGTCAACTGCAGCCAGTTCCTTCGGGGCCAGGAG TGCGTGGAGGAATGCCGAGTACTGCAGGGGCTCCCCAGGGAGTATGT GAATGCCAGGCACTGTTTGCCGTGCCACCCTGAGTGTCAGCCCCAGA ATGGCTCAGTGACCTGTTTTGGACTGGAGGCTGACCAGTGTGTGGCC TGTGCCCACTATAAGGACCCTCCCTTCTGCGTGGCCCGCTGCCCCAG CGGTGTGAAACCTGACCTCTCCTACATGCCCATCTGGAAGTTTCCAG ATGAGGAGGGCGCATGCCAGCCTTGCCCCATCAACTGCACCCACTCC TGTGTGGACCTGGATGACAAGGGCTGCCCCGCCGAGCAGAGAGCCAG CCCTCTGACGGTCGACGGTGGTAGTCCGACACCTCCGACACCCGGGG GTGGTTCTGCAGACAAAACTCACACATGCCCACCGTGCCCAGCACCT GAACTCCTGGGGGGACCGTCAGTCTTCCTCTTCCCCCCAAAACCCAA GGACACCCTCATGATCTCCCGGACCCCTGAGGTCACATGCGTGGTGG TGGACGTGAGCCACGAAGACCCTGAGGTCAAGTTCAACTGGTACGTG GACGGCGTGGAGGTGCATAATGCCAAGACAAAGCCGCGGGAGGAGCA GTACAACAGCACGTACCGTGTGGTCAGCGTCCTCACCGTCCTGCACC AGGACTGGCTGAATGGCAAGGAGTACAAGTGCAAGGTCTCCAACAAA GCCCTCCCAGCCCCCATCGAGAAAACCATCTCCAAAGCCAAAGGGCA GCCCCGAGAACCACAGGTGTACACCCTGCCCCCATGCCGGGATGAGC TGACCAAGAACCAGGTCAGCCTGTGGTGCCTGGTCAAAGGCTTCTAT CCCAGCGACATCGCCGTGGAGTGGGAGAGCAATGGGCAGCCGGAGAA CACTACAAGACCACGCCTCCCGTGCTGGACTCCGACGGCTCCTTCT TCCTCTACAGCAAGCTCACCGTGGACAAGAGCAGGTGGCAGCAGGGG AACGTCTTCTCATGCTCCGTGATGCATGAGGCTCTGCACAACCACTA CACGCAGAAGAGCCTCTCCCTGTCTCCGGGTAAATCCGGAGGCCTGA ACGACATCTTCGAGGCCCAGAAGATTGAATGGCACGAG  8 Her2 TQVCTGTDMKLRLPASPETHLDMLRHLYQGCQVVQGNLELTYLPTNA ECD SLSFLQDIQEVQGYVLIAHNQVRQVPLQRLRIVRGTQLFEDNYALAV (pertuzumab LDNGDPLNNTTPVTGASPGGLRELQLRSLTEILKGGVLIQRNPQLCY KO)-Fc QDTILWKDIFHKNNQLALTLIDTNRSRACHPCSPMCKGSRCWGESSE (knob) DCQSLTRTVCAGGCARCKGPLPTDCCHEQCAAGCTGPKHSDCLACLH FNHSGICELHCPALVTYNTDTRESMPNPEGRYRFGASCVTACPYNYL STDRGSCTLVCPLANQEVTAEDGTQRCEKCSKPCARVCYGLGMEHLR EVRAVTSANIQEFAGCKKIFGSLAFLPESFDGDPASNTAPLQPEQLQ VFETLEEITGYLYISAWPDSLPDLSVFQNLQVIRGRILHNGAYSLTL QGLGISWLGLRSLRELGSGLALIHHNTHLCFVHTVPWDQLFRNPHQA LLHTANRPEDECVGEGLACHQLCARGHCWGPGPTQCVNCSQFLRGQE CVEECRVLQGLPREYVNARHCLPCHPECQPQNGSVTCFGLEADQCVA CAHYKDPPFCVARCPSGVKPDLSYMPIWKFPDEEGACQPCPINCTHS CVDLDDKGCPAEQRASPLTVDGGSPTPPTPGGGSADKTHTCPPCPAP ELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYV DGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNK ALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPCRDELTKNQVSLWCLVKGFY PSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQG NVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGKSGGLNDIFEAQKIEWHE  7 Her2 ACCCAAGTGTGCACCGGCACAGACATGAAGCTGCGGCTCCCTGCCAG ECD TCCCGAGACCCACCTGGACATGCTCCGCCACCTCTACCAGGGCTGCC (pertuzumab AGGTGGTGCAGGGAAACCTGGAACTCACCTACCTGCCCACCAATGCC KO)-Fc AGCCTGTCCTTCCTGCAGGATATCCAGGAGGTGCAGGGCTACGTGCT (knob) DNA CATCGCTCACAACCAAGTGAGGCAGGTCCCACTGCAGAGGCTGCGGA TTGTGCGAGGCACCCAGCTCTTTGAGGACAACTATGCCCTGGCCGTG CTAGACAATGGAGACCCGCTGAACAATACCACCCCTGTCACAGGGGC CTCCCCAGGAGGCCTGCGGGAGCTGCAGCTTCGAAGCCTCACAGAGA TCTTGAAAGGAGGGGTCTTGATCCAGCGGAACCCCCAGCTCTGCTAC CAGGACACGATTTTGTGGAAGGACATCTTCCACAAGAACAACCAGCT GGCTCTCACACTGATAGACACCAACCGCTCTCGGGCCTGCCACCCCT GTTCTCCGATGTGTAAGGGCTCCCGCTGCTGGGGAGAGAGTTCTGAG GATTGTCAGAGCCTGACGCGCACTGTCTGTGCCGGTGGCTGTGCCCG CTGCAAGGGGCCACTGCCCACTGACTGCTGCCATGAGCAGTGTGCTG CCGGCTGCACGGGCCCCAAGCACTCTGACTGCCTGGCCTGCCTCCAC TTCAACCACAGTGGCATCTGTGAGCTGCACTGCCCAGCCCTGGTCAC CTACAACACAGACACGCGGGAGTCCATGCCCAATCCCGAGGGCCGGT ATAGATTCGGCGCCAGCTGTGTGACTGCCTGTCCCTACAACTACCTT TCTACGGACCGGGGATCCTGCACCCTCGTCTGCCCCCTGGCCAACCA AGAGGTGACAGCAGAGGATGGAACACAGCGGTGTGAGAAGTGCAGCA AGCCCTGTGCCCGAGTGTGCTATGGTCTGGGCATGGAGCACTTGCGA GAGGTGAGGGCAGTTACCAGTGCCAATATCCAGGAGTTTGCTGGCTG CAAGAAGATCTTTGGGAGCCTGGCATTTCTGCCGGAGAGCTTTGATG GGGACCCAGCCTCCAACACTGCCCCGCTCCAGCCAGAGCAGCTCCAA GTGTTTGAGACTCTGGAAGAGATCACAGGTTACCTATACATCTCAGC ATGGCCGGACAGCCTGCCTGACCTCAGCGTCTTCCAGAACCTGCAAG TAATCCGGGGACGAATTCTGCACAATGGCGCCTACTCGCTGACCCTG CAAGGGCTGGGCATCAGCTGGCTGGGGCTGCGCTCACTGAGGGAACT GGGCAGTGGACTGGCCCTCATCCACCATAACACCCACCTCTGCTTCG TGCACACGGTGCCCTGGGACCAGCTCTTTCGGAACCCGCACCAAGCT CTGCTCCACACTGCCAACCGGCCAGAGGACGAGTGTGTGGGCGAGGG CCTGGCCTGCCACCAGCTGTGCGCCCGAGGGCACTGCTGGGGTCCAG GGCCCACCCAGTGTGTCAACTGCAGCCAGTTCCTTCGGGGCCAGGAG TGCGTGGAGGAATGCCGAGTACTGCAGGGGCTCCCCAGGGAGTATGT GAATGCCAGGCACTGTTTGCCGTGCCACCCTGAGTGTCAGCCCCAGA ATGGCTCAGTGACCTGTTTTGGACTGGAGGCTGACCAGTGTGTGGCC TGTGCCCACTATAAGGACCCTCCCTTCTGCGTGGCCCGCTGCCCCAG CGGTGTGAAACCTGACCTCTCCTACATGCCCATCTGGAAGTTTCCAG ATGAGGAGGGCGCATGCCAGCCTTGCCCCATCAACTGCACCCACTCC TGTGTGGACCTGGATGACAAGGGCTGCCCCGCCGAGCAGAGAGCCAG CCCTCTGACGGTCGACGGTGGTAGTCCGACACCTCCGACACCCGGGG GTGGTTCTGCAGACAAAACTCACACATGCCCACCGTGCCCAGCACCT GAACTCCTGGGGGGACCGTCAGTCTTCCTCTTCCCCCCAAAACCCAA GGACACCCTCATGATCTCCCGGACCCCTGAGGTCACATGCGTGGTGG TGGACGTGAGCCACGAAGACCCTGAGGTCAAGTTCAACTGGTACGTG GACGGCGTGGAGGTGCATAATGCCAAGACAAAGCCGCGGGAGGAGCA GTACAACAGCACGTACCGTGTGGTCAGCGTCCTCACCGTCCTGCACC AGGACTGGCTGAATGGCAAGGAGTACAAGTGCAAGGTCTCCAACAAA GCCCTCCCAGCCCCCATCGAGAAAACCATCTCCAAAGCCAAAGGGCA GCCCCGAGAACCACAGGTGTACACCCTGCCCCCATGCCGGGATGAGC TGACCAAGAACCAGGTCAGCCTGTGGTGCCTGGTCAAAGGCTTCTAT CCCAGCGACATCGCCGTGGAGTGGGAGAGCAATGGGCAGCCGGAGAA CAACTACAAGACCACGCCTCCCGTGCTGGACTCCGACGGCTCCTTCT TCCTCTACAGCAAGCTCACCGTGGACAAGAGCAGGTGGCAGCAGGGG AACGTCTTCTCATGCTCCGTGATGCATGAGGCTCTGCACAACCACTA CACGCAGAAGAGCCTCTCCCTGTCTCCGGGTAAATCCGGAGGCCTGA ACGACATCTTCGAGGCCCAGAAGATTGAATGGCACGAG 10 Her2 TQVCTGTDMKLRLPASPETHLDMLRHLYQGCQVVQGNLELTYLPTNA   ECD SLSFLQDIQEVQGYVLIAHNQVRQVPLQRLRIVRGTQLFEDNYALAV (trastuzumab LDNGDPLNNTTPVTGASPGGLRELQLRSLTEILKGGVLIQRNPQLCY KO)-Fc QDTILWKDIFHKNNQLALTLIDTNRSRACHPCSPMCKGSRCWGESSE (knob) DCQSLTRTVCAGGCARCKGPLPTDCCHEQCAAGCTGPKHSDCLACLH FNHSGICELHCPALVTYNTDTFESMPNPEGRYTFGASCVTACPYNYL STDVGSCTLVCPLHNQEVTAEDGTQRCEKCSKPCARVCYGLGMEHLR EVRAVTSANIQEFAGCKKIFGSLAFLPESFDGDPASNTAPLQPEQLQ VFETLEEITGYLYISAWPDSLPDLSVFQNLQVIRGRILHNGAYSLTL QGLGISWLGLRSLRELGSGLALIHHNTHLCFVHTVPWDQLFRNPHQA LLHTANRPEDECVGEGLACHQLCARGHCWGPGPTQCVNCSQFLRGQE CVEECRVLQGLPREYVNARHCLPCHPECQPQNGSVTCFGLEARQCVA CAHYKDRRCVARCPSGVKPDLSYMPIWKFPDEEGACQPCPINCTHSC VDLDDKGCPAEQRASPLTVDGGSPTPPTPGGGSADKTHTCPPCPAPE LLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVD GVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKA LPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPCRDELTKNQVSLWCLVKGFYP SDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGN VFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGKSGGLNDIFEAQKIEWHE  9 Her2 ACCCAAGTGTGCACCGGCACAGACATGAAGCTGCGGCTCCCTGCCAG ECD  TCCCGAGACCCACCTGGACATGCTCCGCCACCTCTACCAGGGCTGCC (trastuzumab  AGGTGGTGCAGGGAAACCTGGAACTCACCTACCTGCCCACCAATGCC KO)-Fc AGCCTGTCCTTCCTGCAGGATATCCAGGAGGTGCAGGGCTACGTGCT (knob) CATCGCTCACAACCAAGTGAGGCAGGTCCCACTGCAGAGGCTGCGGA DNA TTGTGCGAGGCACCCAGCTCTTTGAGGACAACTATGCCCTGGCCGTG CTAGACAATGGAGACCCGCTGAACAATACCACCCCTGTCACAGGGGC CTCCCCAGGAGGCCTGCGGGAGCTGCAGCTTCGAAGCCTCACAGAGA TCTTGAAAGGAGGGGTCTTGATCCAGCGGAACCCCCAGCTCTGCTAC CAGGACACGATTTTGTGGAAGGACATCTTCCACAAGAACAACCAGCT GGCTCTCACACTGATAGACACCAACCGCTCTCGGGCCTGCCACCCCT GTTCTCCGATGTGTAAGGGCTCCCGCTGCTGGGGAGAGAGTTCTGAG GATTGTCAGAGCCTGACGCGCACTGTCTGTGCCGGTGGCTGTGCCCG CTGCAAGGGGCCACTGCCCACTGACTGCTGCCATGAGCAGTGTGCTG CCGGCTGCACGGGCCCCAAGCACTCTGACTGCCTGGCCTGCCTCCAC TTCAACCACAGTGGCATCTGTGAGCTGCACTGCCCAGCCCTGGTCAC CTACAACACAGACACGTTTGAGTCCATGCCCAATCCCGAGGGCCGGT ATACATTCGGCGCCAGCTGTGTGACTGCCTGTCCCTACAACTACCTT TCTACGGACGTGGGATCCTGCACCCTCGTCTGCCCCCTGCACAACCA AGAGGTGACAGCAGAGGATGGAACACAGCGGTGTGAGAAGTGCAGCA AGCCCTGTGCCCGAGTGTGCTATGGTCTGGGCATGGAGCACTTGCGA GAGGTGAGGGCAGTTACCAGTGCCAATATCCAGGAGTTTGCTGGCTG CAAGAAGATCTTTGGGAGCCTGGCATTTCTGCCGGAGAGCTTTGATG GGGACCCAGCCTCCAACACTGCCCCGCTCCAGCCAGAGCAGCTCCAA GTGTTTGAGACTCTGGAAGAGATCACAGGTTACCTATACATCTCAGC ATGGCCGGACAGCCTGCCTGACCTCAGCGTCTTCCAGAACCTGCAAG TAATCCGGGGACGAATTCTGCACAATGGCGCCTACTCGCTGACCCTG CAAGGGCTGGGCATCAGCTGGCTGGGGCTGCGCTCACTGAGGGAACT GGGCAGTGGACTGGCCCTCATCCACCATAACACCCACCTCTGCTTCG TGCACACGGTGCCCTGGGACCAGCTCTTTCGGAACCCGCACCAAGCT CTGCTCCACACTGCCAACCGGCCAGAGGACGAGTGTGTGGGCGAGGG CCTGGCCTGCCACCAGCTGTGCGCCCGAGGGCACTGCTGGGGTCCAG GGCCCACCCAGTGTGTCAACTGCAGCCAGTTCCTTCGGGGCCAGGAG TGCGTGGAGGAATGCCGAGTACTGCAGGGGCTCCCCAGGGAGTATGT GAATGCCAGGCACTGTTTGCCGTGCCACCCTGAGTGTCAGCCCCAGA ATGGCTCAGTGACCTGTTTTGGACTGGAGGCTCGGCAGTGTGTGGCC TGTGCCCACTATAAGGACAGACGGTGCGTGGCCCGCTGCCCCAGCGG TGTGAAACCTGACCTCTCCTACATGCCCATCTGGAAGTTTCCAGATG AGGAGGGCGCATGCCAGCCTTGCCCCATCAACTGCACCCACTCCTGT GTGGACCTGGATGACAAGGGCTGCCCCGCCGAGCAGAGAGCCAGCCC TCTGACGGTCGACGGTGGTAGTCCGACACCTCCGACACCCGGGGGTG GTTCTGCAGACAAAACTCACACATGCCCACCGTGCCCAGCACCTGAA CTCCTGGGGGGACCGTCAGTCTTCCTCTTCCCCCCAAAACCCAAGGA CACCCTCATGATCTCCCGGACCCCTGAGGTCACATGCGTGGTGGTGG ACGTGAGCCACGAAGACCCTGAGGTCAAGTTCAACTGGTACGTGGAC GGCGTGGAGGTGCATAATGCCAAGACAAAGCCGCGGGAGGAGCAGTA CAACAGCACGTACCGTGTGGTCAGCGTCCTCACCGTCCTGCACCAGG ACTGGCTGAATGGCAAGGAGTACAAGTGCAAGGTCTCCAACAAAGCC CTCCCAGCCCCCATCGAGAAAACCATCTCCAAAGCCAAAGGGCAGCC CCGAGAACCACAGGTGTACACCCTGCCCCCATGCCGGGATGAGCTGA CCAAGAACCAGGTCAGCCTGTGGTGCCTGGTCAAAGGCTTCTATCCC AGCGACATCGCCGTGGAGTGGGAGAGCAATGGGCAGCCGGAGAACAA CTACAAGACCACGCCTCCCGTGCTGGACTCCGACGGCTCCTTCTTCC TCTACAGCAAGCTCACCGTGGACAAGAGCAGGTGGCAGCAGGGGAAC GTCTTCTCATGCTCCGTGATGCATGAGGCTCTGCACAACCACTACAC GCAGAAGAGCCTCTCCCTGTCTCCGGGTAAATCCGGAGGCCTGAACG ACATCTTCGAGGCCCAGAAGATTGAATGGCACGAG

TABLE 35 Full-length antibody sequences of common light chain antibody “D1 der” SEQ ID NO Name Sequence 159 Trastuzumab EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFNIKDTYIHWVRQAPGKGLEW VHCH1-Fc VARIYPTNGYTRYADSVKGRFTISADTSKNTAYLQMNSLRAEDTAVY KNOB YCSRWGGDGFYAMDYWGQGTLVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGG TAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSV VTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAP ELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYV DGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNK ALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPCRDELTKNQVSLWCLVKGFY PSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQG NVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK 160 Trastuzumab GAAGTGCAATTGGTGGAAAGCGGCGGCGGCCTGGTGCAACCGGGCGGCAGCC VHCH1- Fc TGCGTCTGAGCTGCGCGGCCTCCGGATTTAACATAAAGGACACATACATCCA KNOB DNA CTGGGTGCGCCAAGCACCTGGGAAGGGTCTCGAGTGGGTGGCTCGGATTTAC CCAACAAATGGCTACACCAGGTATGCGGATAGCGTGAAAGGCCGTTTTACCA TTTCAGCTGATACTTCGAAGAACACCGCCTATCTGCAAATGAACAGCCTGCG TGCGGAAGATACGGCCGTGTATTATTGCTCGCGTTGGGGAGGAGACGGGTTC TATGCTATGGATTACTGGGGCCAAGGCACCCTGGTGACGGTTAGCTCAGCTA GCACCAAGGGCCCATCGGTCTTCCCCCTGGCACCCTCCTCCAAGAGCACCTC TGGGGGCACAGCGGCCCTGGGCTGCCTGGTCAAGGACTACTTCCCCGAACCG GTGACGGTGTCGTGGAACTCAGGCGCCCTGACCAGCGGCGTGCACACCTTCC CGGCTGTCCTACAGTCCTCAGGACTCTACTCCCTCAGCAGCGTGGTGACCGT GCCCTCCAGCAGCTTGGGCACCCAGACCTACATCTGCAACGTGAATCACAAG CCCAGCAACACCAAGGTGGACAAGAAAGTTGAGCCCAAATCTTGTGACAAAA CTCACACATGCCCACCGTGCCCAGCACCTGAACTCCTGGGGGGACCGTCAGT CTTCCTCTTCCCCCCAAAACCCAAGGACACCCTCATGATCTCCCGGACCCCT GAGGTCACATGCGTGGTGGTGGACGTGAGCCACGAAGACCCTGAGGTCAAGT TCAACTGGTACGTGGACGGCGTGGAGGTGCATAATGCCAAGACAAAGCCGCG GGAGGAGCAGTACAACAGCACGTACCGTGTGGTCAGCGTCCTCACCGTCCTG CACCAGGACTGGCTGAATGGCAAGGAGTACAAGTGCAAGGTCTCCAACAAAG CCCTCCCAGCCCCCATCGAGAAAACCATCTCCAAAGCCAAAGGGCAGCCCCG AGAACCACAGGTGTACACCCTGCCCCCATGCCGGGATGAGCTGACCAAGAAC CAGGTCAGCCTGTGGTGCCTGGTCAAAGGCTTCTATCCCAGCGACATCGCCG TGGAGTGGGAGAGCAATGGGCAGCCGGAGAACAACTACAAGACCACGCCTCC CGTGCTGGACTCCGACGGCTCCTTCTTCCTCTACAGCAAGCTCACCGTGGAC AAGAGCAGGTGGCAGCAGGGGAACGTCTTCTCATGCTCCGTGATGCATGAGG CTCTGCACAACCACTACACGCAGAAGAGCCTCTCCCTGTCTCCGGGTAAA 161 Common DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKASQDVSTAVAWYQQKPGKAPKLLIYSAS light chain FRYTGVPSRFSGSRSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCQQHYTTPPTFGQGTKV VLCL EIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQS GNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKS FNRGEC 162 Common GACATCCAGATGACCCAGAGCCCCAGCAGCCTGTCTGCCAGCGTGGGCGACAGAGTG light chain ACCATCACATGCAAGGCCAGCCAGGACGTGTCCACAGCCGTGGCCTGGTATCAGCAG VLCL - DNA AAGCCTGGCAAGGCCCCCAAGCTGCTGATCTACAGCGCCAGCTTCCGGTACACCGGC GTGCCCAGCAGATTCAGCGGCAGCAGATCCGGCACCGACTTCACCCTGACCATCAGC TCCCTGCAGCCCGAGGACTTCGCCACCTACTACTGCCAGCAGCACTACACCACCCCC CCCACATTTGGCCAGGGCACCAAGGTGGAAATCAAGCGTACGGTGGCTGCACCATCT GTCTTCATCTTCCCGCCATCTGATGAGCAGTTGAAATCTGGAACTGCCTCTGTTGTG TGCCTGCTGAATAACTTCTATCCCAGAGAGGCCAAAGTACAGTGGAAGGTGGATAAC GCCCTCCAATCGGGTAACTCCCAGGAGAGTGTCACAGAGCAGGACAGCAAGGACAGC ACCTACAGCCTCAGCAGCACCCTGACGCTGAGCAAAGCAGACTACGAGAAACACAAA GTCTACGCCTGCGAAGTCACCCATCAGGGCCTGAGCTCGCCCGTCACAAAGAGCTTC AACAGGGGAGAGTGT 163 Pertuzumab EVQLVESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFNDYTMDWVRQAPGKGLEWVADVN VHCH1 Fc PNSGGSIVNRRFKGRFTLSVDRSKNTLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCARNLGPFF hole YFDYWGQGTLVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPV TVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKP SNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPE VTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLH QDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVCTLPPSRDELTKNQ VSLSCAVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLVSKLTVDK SRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK 164 Pertuzumab GAAGTTCAGCTGGTTGAAAGCGGTGGTGGTCTGGTTCAGCCTGGTGGTAGCC VHCH1 Fc TGCGTCTGAGCTGTGCAGCAAGCGGTTTTACCTTTAACGATTATACCATGGA hole DNA TTGGGTTCGTCAGGCACCGGGTAAAGGTCTGGAATGGGTTGCAGATGTTAAT CCGAATAGCGGTGGTAGCATTGTTAACCGTCGTTTTAAAGGTCGTTTTACCC TGAGCGTTGATCGTAGCAAAAATACCCTGTATCTGCAAATGAATAGTCTGCG TGCAGAGGATACCGCAGTGTATTATTGTGCACGTAACCTGGGTCCGTTCTTC TACTTTGATTATTGGGGTCAGGGCACCCTGGTTACCGTTAGCAGCGCTAGCA CCAAGGGCCCAAGCGTGTTCCCTCTGGCCCCCAGCAGCAAGAGCACAAGCGG CGGAACAGCCGCCCTGGGCTGCCTGGTCAAGGACTACTTCCCCGAGCCCGTG ACAGTGTCCTGGAACAGCGGAGCCCTGACCAGCGGCGTGCACACCTTTCCAG CCGTGCTGCAGAGCAGCGGCCTGTACAGCCTGAGCAGCGTGGTCACAGTGCC TAGCAGCAGCCTGGGCACCCAGACCTACATCTGCAACGTGAACCACAAGCCC AGCAACACCAAGGTGGACAAGAAGGTGGAGCCCAAGAGCTGCGACAAGACCC ACACCTGTCCCCCTTGTCCTGCCCCTGAGCTGCTGGGCGGACCCAGCGTGTT CCTGTTCCCCCCAAAGCCCAAGGACACCCTGATGATCAGCCGGACCCCCGAA GTGACCTGCGTGGTGGTGGACGTGTCCCACGAGGACCCTGAAGTGAAGTTCA ATTGGTACGTGGACGGCGTGGAGGTGCACAATGCCAAGACCAAGCCCCGGGA GGAACAGTACAACAGCACCTACCGGGTGGTGTCCGTGCTGACCGTGCTGCAC CAGGACTGGCTGAACGGCAAAGAGTACAAGTGCAAGGTCTCCAACAAGGCCC TGCCTGCCCCCATCGAGAAAACCATCAGCAAGGCCAAGGGCCAGCCCAGAGA ACCCCAGGTGTGCACCCTGCCCCCCAGCAGAGATGAGCTGACCAAGAACCAG GTGTCCCTGAGCTGTGCCGTCAAGGGCTTCTACCCCAGCGATATCGCCGTGG AGTGGGAGAGCAACGGCCAGCCTGAGAACAACTACAAGACCACCCCCCCTGT GCTGGACAGCGACGGCAGCTTCTTCCTGGTGTCCAAACTGACCGTGGACAAG AGCCGGTGGCAGCAGGGCAACGTGTTCAGCTGCAGCGTGATGCACGAGGCCC TGCACAACCACTACACCCAGAAGTCCCTGAGCCTGAGCCCCGGCAAG

Example 21: Generation of Trivalent HER2 (Extracellular Domain IV)-HER2 (Extracellular Domain II)-Transferrin Specific Antibodies

Generation of the Expression Plasmids

Desired proteins were expressed by transient transfection of human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293). For the expression of a desired gene/protein (e.g. antibody-Fab multimeric protein) a transcription unit comprising the following functional elements was used:

-   -   The immediate early enhancer and promoter from the human         cytomegalovirus (P-CMV) including intron A,     -   a murine immunoglobulin heavy chain signal sequence (SS),     -   a gene/protein to be expressed (e.g. full length antibody heavy         chain), and     -   the bovine growth hormone polyadenylation sequence (BGH pA).

Besides the expression unit/cassette including the desired gene to be expressed the basic/standard mammalian expression plasmid contains:

-   -   An origin of replication from the vector pUC18 which allows         replication of this plasmid in E. coli, and     -   a beta-lactamase gene which confers ampicillin resistance in E.         coli

Expression Plasmids Coding for the Following Antibody+/−scFab Proteins were Constructed:

1. BBB-0580 Trivalent Herceptarg-scFab(8D3)

Heavy chain knob (Herceptin(D98E)(IgG1) knob SS-(G4S)4-VL-Ck-(G4S)6-GG-VH-CH1) (Seq. 21832/SEQ ID NO.: 165)

Composition of the knob Herceptin(D98E)-scFab(8D3) heavy chain fusion protein:

-   -   Herceptin(D89E) human IgG1 heavy chain without C-terminal Lys         containing CH3 knob mutation T366W and the S354C mutation for         the formation of an additional disulfide bridge     -   Glycine-Serine-linker     -   Variable light chain domain (VL) variant of the mouse 8D3         anti-transferrin antibody (Boado et al., 2009)     -   Human C-kappa light chain     -   Glycine-Serine-linker     -   Variable heavy chain domain (VL) variant of the mouse 8D3         anti-transferrin antibody (Boado et al., 2009)     -   Human IgG1 CH1 heavy chain domain

Heavy chain hole (Pertuzumab(affmat.)(IgG1) hole SS (Seq. ID NO.: 163)

Composition of the hole Pertuzumab(aff mat.) heavy chain protein:

-   -   Pertuzumab(affmat.) human IgG1 heavy chain containing the CH3         hole mutations T366S, Y407V and L368A and the Y349C mutation for         the formation of an additional disulfide bridge

Light chain (CLC-Herc combo) (clone D1-derSEQ ID NO.: 161)

-   -   See example 14

2. BBB-0581 Trivalent Herceptarg(LALA)-scFab(8D3)

Heavy chain knob (Herceptin(D98E)(IgG1) LALA-PG knob SS-(G4S)4-VL-Ck-(G4S)6-GG-VH-CH1) (Seq. 21834, SEQ ID. NO.: 168)

Composition of the knob Herceptin(D98E)-scFab(8D3) heavy chain fusion protein:

-   -   Herceptin(D89E) human IgG1 heavy chain without C-terminal Lys         containing:     -   CH2 mutations L234A, L235A and P329G to impair Fc gamma         receptor-mediated interaction with immune effector cells as well         as complement activation     -   CH3 knob mutation T366W and the S354C mutation for the formation         of an additional disulfide bridge     -   Glycine-Serine-linker     -   Variable light chain domain (VL) variant of the mouse 8D3         anti-transferrin antibody (Boado et al., 2009), SEQ ID NO.: 178     -   Human C-kappa light chain     -   Glycine-Serine-linker     -   Variable heavy chain domain (VL) variant of the mouse 8D3         anti-transferrin antibody (Boado et al., 2009), SEQ ID NO.: 179     -   Human IgG1 CH1 heavy chain domain

Heavy chain hole (Pertuzumab(affmat.)(IgG1) LALA-PG hole SS (Seq. 21836, SEQ ID NO.: 169)

Composition of the hole Pertuzumab(aff mat.) heavy chain protein:

-   -   Pertuzumab(affmat.) human IgG1 heavy chain containing:     -   CH2 mutations L234A, L235A and P329G to impair Fc gamma         receptor-mediated interaction with immune effector cells as well         as complement activation     -   CH3 hole mutations T366S, L368A and Y407V and the Y349C mutation         for the formation of an additional disulfide bridge     -   CH3 hole mutations H435R and Y436F to avoid protein purification         of heavy chain hole-hole dimers

Light chain (CLC-Herc combo) (clone D1-derSEQ ID NO.: 161)

-   -   See example 14

3. BBB-0582 Bivalent Herceptarg(LALA) (Control Molecule without BBB-R Binder)

Heavy chain knob (Herceptin(D98E)(IgG1) LALA-PG (Seq. 21835, SEQ ID.NO.: 170)

Composition of the knob Herceptin(D98E) heavy chain protein:

-   -   Herceptin(D89E) human IgG1 heavy chain containing:     -   CH2 mutations L234A, L235A and P329G to impair Fc gamma         receptor-mediated interaction with immune effector cells as well         as complement activation     -   CH3 knob mutation T366W and the S354C mutation for the formation         of an additional disulfide bridge

Heavy Chain Hole (Pertuzumab(Affmat.)(IgG1) LALA-PG Hole SS (Seq. 21836 SEQ ID.NO.: 163)

Composition of the hole Pertuzumab(aff mat.) heavy chain protein:

-   -   Pertuzumab(affmat.) human IgG1 heavy chain containing:     -   CH2 mutations L234A, L235A and P329G to impair Fc gamma         receptor-mediated interaction with immune effector cells as well         as complement activation     -   CH3 hole mutations T366S, L368A and Y407V and the Y349C mutation         for the formation of an additional disulfide bridge     -   CH3 hole mutations H435R and Y436F to avoid protein purification         of hole-hole dimers

Light chain (CLC-Herc combo) (clone D1-derSEQ ID NO.: 161)

-   -   See example 14

4. Herceptarg (Control Molecule without BBB-R Binder)

Heavy chain knob (Herceptin(D98E)(IgG1) (SEQ ID NO.: 171)

Composition of the knob Herceptin(D98E) heavy chain protein:

-   -   Herceptin(D89E) human IgG1 heavy chain containing CH3 knob         mutation T366W and the S354C mutation for the formation of an         additional disulfide bridge

Heavy chain hole (Pertuzumab(aff.mat.)(IgG1) hole SS (Seq. 21836 SEQ ID.NO.: 163)

Composition of the hole Pertuzumab(aff mat.) heavy chain protein:

-   -   Pertuzumab(aff mat.) human IgG1 heavy chain containing CH3 hole         mutations T366S, L368A and Y407V and the Y349C mutation for the         formation of an additional disulfide bridge

Light chain (CLC-Herc combo) (clone D1-derSEQ ID NO.: 161)

-   -   See example 14

Sequences are shown in tables 36 and 37.

Ref Boado R J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Pardridge W M. Engineering and expression of a chimeric transferrin receptor monoclonal antibody for blood-brain barrier delivery in the mouse. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2009; 102(4):1251-8.

Example 22: Purification of Trivalent HER2 (Extracellular Domain IV)-HER2 (Extracellular Domain II)-Transferrin Specific Antibodies and Control Antibodies without BBB-R Binder

The antibody chains were generated by transient transfection of HEK293 cells (human embryonic kidney cell line 293-derived) cultivated in F17 Medium (Invitrogen Corp.). For transfection 293-Free Transfection Reagent (Merck, Millipore) was used. The antibody chains were expressed from three different plasmids, coding for the trivalent Herceptarg-scFab(8D3) knob and hole heavy chains and the Herceptarg light chain or the bivalent Herceptarg knob and hole heavy chains and the Herceptarg light chain, respectively. For transfection the three plasmids were used at plasmid ratios of 2:1:1 (LC: HC knob: HC hole) for trivalent Herceptarg-scFab(8D3), of 1:1:2 (LC: HC knob: HC hole) for trivalent Herceptarg(LALA)-scFab(8D3) and bivalent Herceptarg(LALA) and of 2:1:1(LC: HC knob: HC hole) for bivalent Herceptarg. Transfections were performed as specified in the manufacturer's instructions. Antibody-containing cell culture supernatants were harvested seven days after transfection. Supernatants were stored frozen until purification.

Proteins were purified from filtered cell culture supernatants. Supernatants were applied to a protein A Sepharose column (GE Healthcare) and washed with PBS pH 7.4. Elution of antibodies was achieved with 100 mM Citarate buffer at pH 3.0 followed by immediate neutralization of the sample to pH 6.5. Aggregated protein and other byproducts were separated from monomeric antibodies by size exclusion chromatography (SEC; Superdex 200; GE Healthcare) in 20 mM histidine, 140 mM NaCl, pH 6.0. Every single fraction was analyzed on analytical SEC (MabPac SEC-1, Thermo Scientific) and on a chip-based capillary electrophoresis system (CE-SDS, LabChipGX, Caliper) for the quantification of incompletely assembled molecules and other byproducts. Monomeric antibody fractions without byproducts were pooled. After concentration using a MILLIPOREAmicon Ultra (30 molecular weight cut off) centrifugal concentrator the protein was stored at −80° C. Analytical characterization of the endproduct was done by UV protein determination, CE-SDS, size exclusion chromatography, mass spectrometry and also by endotoxin determination.

Example 23: Binding Analysis of Herceptarg-scFab(8D3) and Control Antibodies to BT474-M1 and BA/F3 Cells

HER2+BT474-M1 and TfR+BA/F3 cells were used as target cells for binding analysis of Herceptarg-scFab(8D3) and Herceptarg control molecules. BT474-M1 cells were maintained in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and 2 mL L-glutamine and BA/F3 cells were maintained in RPMI 1640, 10% FCS, 2 mM L-glutamine and 10 ng/ml rmIL-3. Propagation of cell lines followed standard cell culture protocols.

BT474-M1 and BA/F3 cells were harvested and resuspended in FACS buffer. 0.2 Mio cells were seeded into a 96 well round bottom plate. The plate was centrifuged at 350 g for 3 min to pellet the cells. The supernatant was removed and the cells were resuspended in 120 μl of the diluted antibodies. The plate was incubated for 1h at 4° C. to allow binding of the antibodies. To remove unbound antibodies the cells were centrifuged again and washed twice with FACS buffer. To detect the antibodies the cells were resuspended in 100 μl diluted goat anti-human Fcγ specific PE-labeled secondary antibody (Jackson ImmunoResearch #109-116-170) and incubated again for 30 min at 4° C. Afterwards the cells were washed twice with FACS buffer, resuspended in 50 FACS buffer and the fluorescence was measured with BD Canto II. Results are shown in FIGS. 33 and 34. All Herceptarg antibodies specifically bind to HER2+BT474-M1 cells and the Herceptarg-scFab(8D3) fusion proteins bind to TfR+BA/F3 cells.

Example 24: Proliferation Inhibition Assay with Trivalent HER2 (Extracellular Domain IV)-HER2 (Extracellular Domain II)-Transferrin Specific Antibodies and Control Antibodies without BBB-R Binder on HER2+BT474-M1 Cells

The ability of the Herceptarg molecules to inhibit proliferation was assessed in the cell line BT474-M1. Cells in the logarithmic growth phase were detached, counted and 4×10³ cells were seeded in 60 μL medium per well of a 96-well cell culture plate. Cells were maintained overnight in the incubator and the following day 60 μL of the respective antibodies diluted in medium were added in form of a dilution series to the cells. After a total incubation time of 5 days cell growth was assessed by CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay. The assay was performed as recommended by the manufacturer.

FIG. 35 shows inhibition of BT474-M1 cell proliferation after incubation with Herceptarg+/−scFab(8D3) molecules.

TABLE 36 BBB-R binders SEQ ID NO Description Sequence 172 2/99 CDR-H1 FSLSSY 173 2/99 CDR-H2 YIWSGGSTDYASWA 174 2/99 CDR-H3 RYGTSYPDYGDANGFDP 175 2/99 CDR-L1 QASQSISSYLS 176 2/99 CDR-L2 RAS 177 2/99 CDR-L3 CYSSSNVDN 178 2/99 VH QSMEESGGRLVTPGTPLTLTCTVSGFSLSSYAMSWVRQAPGKGLEWIGYIWSG GSTDYASWAKGRFTISKTSTTVDLKITSPTTEDTATYFCARRYGTSYPDYGDA NGFDPWGPGTLVTVSS 179 2/99 VL AYDMTQTPASVEVAVGGTVTIKCQASQSISSYLSWYQQKPGQRPKLLIYRAST LASGVSSRFKGSGSGTQFTLTISGVECADAATYYCQQCYSSSNVDNTFGGGTE VVVKR 180 4/94 CDR-H1 GFNIKDT 181 4/94 CDR-H2 RIDPANGDTKCDPKFQ 182 4/94 CDR-H3 YLYPYYFD 183 4/94 CDR-L1 SESVDTY 184 4/94 CDR-L2 GAS 185 4/94 CDR-L3 TYNYPL 166 4/94 VH EVQLQQSGAVLVKPGASVKLSCPASGFNIKDTYIHWVIQRPEQGLEWIGRIDP ANGDTKCDPKFQVKATITADTSSNTAYLQLSSLTSEDTAVYFCVRDYLYPYYF DFWGQGTTLTVSS 167 4/94 VL KIVMTQSPKSMSMSVGERVTLNCRASESVDTYVSWYQQKPEQSPELLIYGAS NRYTGVPDRFTGSGSATDFTLTISSVQAEDLADYYCGQTYNYPLTFGAGTKLE LKR 186 Humanized SYAMS 2/99 CDR-H1 187 Humanized YIWSGGSTDY ASWAKS 2/99 CDR-H2 188 Humanized RYGTSYPDYGDASGFDP 2/99 CDR-H3 206 Humanized RYGTSYPDYGDAQGFDP 2/99 CDR-H3 variant 189 Humanized RASQSISSYL A 2/99 CDR-L1 190 Humanized RASTLAS 2/99 CDR-L2 191 Humanized QQNYASSNVD NT 2/99 CDR-L3 192 Humanized QSMQESGPGL VKPSQTLSLT CTVSGFSLSS YAMSWIRQHP 2/99 VH GKGLEWIGYIWSGGSTDYASWAKSRVTISK TSTTVSLKLS SVTAADTAVY YCARRYGTSYPDYGDASGFDPWGQGTLVTV SS 205 Humanized QSMQESGPGL VKPSQTLSLT CTVSGFSLSS YAMSWIRQHP GKGLEWIGYI 2/99 VH WSGGSTDYAS WAKSRVTISK TSTTVSLKLS SVTAADTAVY variant YCARRYGTSYPDYGDAQGFDPWGQGTLVTVSS 193 Humanized AIQLTQSPSS LSASVGDRVT ITCRASQSIS SYLAWYQQKP GKAPKLLIYR 2/99 VL ASTLASGVPS RFSGSGSGTD FTLTISSLQP EDFATYYCQQ NYASSNVDNT FGGGTKVEI 194 Humanized QVQLVQSGAE VKKPGASVKV SCKASGFNIK DTYIHWVIQA PGQGLEWMGR 2/99 VH IDPANGDTKS DPKFQVRVTI TADTSTSTVY MELSSLRSED TAVYYCVRDY variant 1 LYPYYFDFWG QGTTVTVSS 195 Humanized QVQLVQSGAE VKKPGASVKV SCKASGFNIK DTYIHWVIQA PGQGLEWMGR 2/99 VH IDPANGDTKS APKFQVRVTI TADTSTSTVY MELSSLRSED TAVYYCVRDY variant 2 LYPYYFDFWG QGTTVTVSS 196 Humanized QVQLVQSGAE VKKPGASVKV SCKASGFNIK DTYIHWVIQA PGQGLEWMGR 2/99 VH IDPANGDTKS variant 3 DPKFQGRVTI TADTSTSTVY MELSSLRSED TAVYYCVRDY LYPYYFDFWG QGTTVTVSS 197 Humanized QVQLVQSGAE VKKPGSSVKV SCKASGFNIK DTYIHWVIQA PGQGLEWMGR 2/99 VH IDPANGDTKS DPKFQGRVTI TADESTSTAY MELSSLRSED variant 4 TAVYYCVRDY LYPYYFDFWG QGTTVTVSS 198 Humanized QVQLVQSGAE VKKPGSSVKV SCKASGFNIK DTYIHWVIQR PGQGLEWMGR 2/99 VH IDPANGDTKS variant 5 DPKFQGRVTI TADESTSTAY MELSSLRSED TAVYYCVRDY LYPYYFDFWG QGTTVTVSS 199 Humanized QVQLQESGPG LVKPSETLSL TCTVSGFNIK DTYIHWVIQR PGKGLEWIGR 2/99 VH IDPANGDTKS DPSLQSRVTI SADTSKNQAS LKLSSVTAAD variant 6 TAVYYCVRDY LYPYYFDFWG QGTTVTVSS 200 Humanized EVQLVESGGG LVQPGGSLRL SCAASGFNIK DTYIHWVIQA PGKGLEWVGR 2/99 VH IDPANGDTKS variant 7 DPSVQVRATI SADTSKNTAY LQMNSLRAED TAVYYCVRDY LYPYYFDFWG QGTTVTVSS 201 Humanized KIQMTQSPSS LSASVGDRVT ITCRASESVD TYVSWYQQKP GKAPKLLIYG 2/99 VL ASNRYTGVPS RFSGSGSGTD FTLTISSLQP EDFADYYCGQ TYNYPLTFGQ variant 1 GTKLEI 207 Humanized KIVLTQSPGT LSLSPGERAT LSCRASESVD TYVSWYQQKP GQAPRLLIYG 2/99 VL ASNRYTGVPD variant 2 RFSGSGSGTD FTLTISRLEP EDFADYYCGQ TYNYPLTFGQ GTKLEI 208 Humanized EIVLTQSPGT LSLSPGERAT LSCRASESVD TYVSWYQQKP GQAPRLLIYG 2/99 VL ASNRYTGVPD variant 3 RFSGSGSGTD FTLTISRLEP EDFADYYCGQ TYNYPLTFGQ GTKLEI 209 Humanized KIVLTQSPGT LSLSPGERAT LSCRASESVD TYVSWYQQKP GQAPRLLIYG 2/99 VL ASNRYTGIPD variant 4 RFSGSGSGTD FTLTISRLEP EDFADYYCGQ TYNYPLTFGQ GTKLEI

TABLE 37 Trivalent HER2 (extracellular domain IV)- HER2 (extracellular domain II)- Transferrin specific antibodies and control antibodies without BBB-R binder SEQ ID NO Description Sequence BBB-0580/Herceptarg-scFab(8D3) 165 Her-knob- evqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgfnikdtyihwvrqapgkglewvariyptngytry scFab(8D3) adsvkgrftisadtskntaylqmnslraedtavyycsrwggegfyamdywgqgtlvtvss Heavy astkgpsvfplapsskstsggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssgl chain yslssvvtvpssslgtqtyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkthtcppcpapellggpsv 21832 flfppkpkdtlmisrtpevtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqynst yrvvsvltvlhqdwlngkeykckvsnkalpapiektiskakgqprepqvytlppcrdelt knqvslwclvkgfypsdiavewesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflyskltvdksrwq qgnvfscsvmhealhnhytqkslslspgggsggggsggggsggggsdiqmtqspasls asleeivtitcqasqdignwlawyqqkpgkspqlliygatsladgvpsrfsgsrsgtqfslki srvqvedigiyyclqayntpwtfgggtkveikrtvaapsvfifppsdeqlksgtasvvclln nfypreakvqwkvdnalqsgnsqesvteqdskdstyslsstltlskadyekhkvyacevt hqglsspvtksfnrgecggggsggggsggggsggggsggggsggggsggevqlvesgg glvqpgnsltlscvasgftfsnygmhwirqapkkglewiamiyydsskmnyadtvkgr ftisrdnskntlylemnslrsedtamyycavptshyvvdvwgqgvsvtvssastkgpsvf plapsskstsggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglyslssvvtv pssslgtqtyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepksc 163 Per-hole evqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgftfndytmdwvrqapgkglewvadvnpnsggsi Heavy vnrrfkgrftlsvdrskntlylqmnslraedtavyycarnlgpffyfdywgqgtlvtvssast chain kgpsvfplapsskstsggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglysl 21833 ssvvtvpssslgtqtyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkthtcppcpapellggpsvflf ppkpkdtlmisrtpevtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqynstyr vvsvltvlhqdwlngkeykckvsnkalpapiektiskakgqprepqvctlppsrdeltkn qvslscavkgfypsdiavewesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflvskltvdksrwqqg nvfscsvmhealhnhytqkslslspgk 161 Her/Per diqmtqspsslsasvgdrvtitckasqdvstavawyqqkpgkapklliysasfrytgvpsr CLC fsgsrsgtdftltisslqpedfatyycqqhyttpptfgqgtkveik 21831 rtvaapsvfifppsdeqlksgtasvvcllnnfypreakvqwkvdnalqsgnsqesvteqds kdstyslsstltlskadyekhkvyacevthqglsspvtksfnrgec BBB-0581/Herceptarg(LALA-PG)-scFab(8D3) 168 Her-knob- evqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgfnikdtyihwvrqapgkglewvariyptngytry LALA-PG- adsvkgrftisadtskntaylqmnslraedtavyycsrwggegfyamdywgqgtlvtvss scFab(8D3) astkgpsvfplapsskstsggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssgl Heavy yslssvvtvpssslgtqtyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkthtcppcpapeaaggps chain vflfppkpkdtlmisrtpevtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqyn 21834 styrvvsvltvlhqdwlngkeykckvsnkalgapiektiskakgqprepqvytlppcrdel tknqvslwclvkgfypsdiavewesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflyskltvdksrw qqgnvfscsvmhealhnhytqkslslspgggsggggsggggsggggsdiqmtqspasl sasleeivtitcqasqdignwlawyqqkpgkspqlliygatsladgvpsrfsgsrsgtqfslk isrvqvedigiyyclqayntpwtfgggtkveikrtvaapsvfifppsdeqlksgtasvvcll nnfypreakvqwkvdnalqsgnsqesvteqdskdstyslsstltlskadyekhkvyacev thqglsspvtksfnrgecggggsggggsggggsggggsggggsggggsggevqlvesg gglvqpgnsltlscvasgftfsnygmhwirqapkkglewiamiyydsskmnyadtvkg rftisrdnskntlylemnslrsedtamyycavptshyvvdvwgqgvsvtvssastkgpsv fplapsskstsggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglyslssvvtv pssslgtqtyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepksc 169 Per-hole Evqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgftfndytmdwvrqapgkglewvadvnpnsggs LALA-PG ivnrrfkgrftlsvdrskntlylqmnslraedtavyycarnlgpffyfdywgqgtlvtvssas Heavy tkgpsvfplapsskstsggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglys chain lssvvtvpssslgtqtyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkthtcppcpapeaaggpsvf 21836 lfppkpkdtlmisrtpevtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqynst yrvvsvltvlhqdwlngkeykckvsnkalgapiektiskakgqprepqvctlppsrdeltk nqvslscavkgfypsdiavewesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflvskltvdksrwqq gnvfscsvmhealhnrftqkslslspgk 161 Her/Per diqmtqspsslsasvgdrvtitckasqdvstavawyqqkpgkapklliysasfrytgvpsr CLC fsgsrsgtdftltisslqpedfatyycqqhyttpptfgqgtkveik 21831 rtvaapsvfifppsdeqlksgtasvvcllnnfypreakvqwkvdnalqsgnsqesvteqds kdstyslsstltlskadyekhkvyacevthqglsspvtksfnrgec BBB-0582/Herceptarg-LALA-PG (control molecule without BBB-R binder) 170 Her-knob- evqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgfnikdtyihwvrqapgkglewvariyptngytry LALA-PG adsvkgrftisadtskntaylqmnslraedtavyycsrwggegfyamdywgqgtlvtvss Heavy astkgpsvfplapsskstsggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssgl Chain yslssvvtvpssslgtqtyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkthtcppcpapeaaggps 21835 vflfppkpkdtlmisrtpevtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqyn styrvvsvltvlhqdwlngkeykckvsnkalgapiektiskakgqprepqvytlppcrdel tknqvslwclvkgfypsdiavewesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflyskltvdksrw qqgnvfscsvmhealhnhytqkslslspgk 169 Per-hole Evqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgftfndytmdwvrqapgkglewvadvnpnsggs LALA-PG ivnrrfkgrftlsvdrskntlylqmnslraedtavyycarnlgpffyfdywgqgtlvtvssas Heavy tkgpsvfplapsskstsggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglys chain lssvvtvpssslgtqtyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkthtcppcpapeaaggpsvf 21836 lfppkpkdtlmisrtpevtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqynst yrvvsvltvlhqdwlngkeykckvsnkalgapiektiskakgqprepqvctlppsrdeltk nqvslscavkgfypsdiavewesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflvskltvdksrwqq gnvfscsvmhealhnrftqkslslspgk 161 Her/Per diqmtqspsslsasvgdrvtitckasqdvstavawyqqkpgkapklliysasfrytgvpsr CLC fsgsrsgtdftltisslqpedfatyycqqhyttpptfgqgtkveik 21831 rtvaapsvfifppsdeqlksgtasvvcllnnfypreakvqwkvdnalqsgnsqesvteqds kdstyslsstltlskadyekhkvyacevthqglsspvtksfnrgec Herceptarg (control molecule without BBB-R binder) 171 pETR13573 evqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgfnikdtyihwvrqapgkglewvariyptngytry Her-knob adsvkgrftisadtskntaylqmnslraedtavyycsrwggegfyamdywgqgtlvtvss heavy  astkgpsvfplapsskstsggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssgl chain yslssvvtvpssslgtqtyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkthtcppcpapellggpsv flfppkpkdtlmisrtpevtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqynst yrvvsvltvlhqdwlngkeykckvsnkalpapiektiskakgqprepqvytlppcrdelt knqvslwclvkgfypsdiavewesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflyskltvdksrwq qgnvfscsvmhealhnhytqkslslspgk 163 Per-hole evqlvesggglvqpggslrlscaasgftfndytmdwvrqapgkglewvadvnpnsggsi Heavy vnrrfkgrftlsvdrskntlylqmnslraedtavyycarnlgpffyfdywgqgtlvtvssast chain kgpsvfplapsskstsggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglysl 21833 ssvvtvpssslgtqtyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkthtcppcpapellggpsvflf ppkpkdtlmisrtpevtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqynstyr vvsvltvlhqdwlngkeykckvsnkalpapiektiskakgqprepqvctlppsrdeltkn qvslscavkgfypsdiavewesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflvskltvdksrwqqg nvfscsvmhealhnhytqkslslspgk 161 Her/Per diqmtqspsslsasvgdrvtitckasqdvstavawyqqkpgkapklliysasfrytgvpsr CLC fsgsrsgtdftltisslqpedfatyycqqhyttpptfgqgtkveik 21831 rtvaapsvfifppsdeqlksgtasvvcllnnfypreakvqwkvdnalqsgnsqesvteqds kdstyslsstltlskadyekhkvyacevthqglsspvtksfnrgec

TABLE 38 Sequence of pTAU-BBB-R control molecule SEQ ID NO Description Sequence 210 8936_pTau_Rb Aqvltqttspvsaavgstvtiscqssqsvrtnklawfqqkpgqppkrliysastldfgvpsrf Mab86_VL_hu sasgsgtqftltisdvqcddaatyyclgyfdcsiadcvafgggtevvvkrtvaapsvfifpps Igkappa deqlksgtasvvcllnnfypreakvqwkvdnalqsgnsqesvteqdskdstyslsstltlsk adyekhkvyacevthqglsspvtksfnrgec 211 8975-pTau- Qsveesggrlvtpgtpltltctvsgfslssnainwvrqapgkglewigyiaysgntyyasw Rb86- akgrftiskasttvdlkmtsptaedtgtyfcgksniwgpgtlvtvslastkgpsvfplapssk hugamma1-SS- stsggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglyslssvvtvpssslgtq hole tyicnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkthtcppcpapellggpsvflfppkpkdtlmisrt pevtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqynstyrvvsvltvlhqdwl ngkeykckvsnkalpapiektiskakgqprepqvctlppsrdeltknqvslscavkgfyp sdiavewesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflvskltvdksrwqqgnvfscsvmhealh nhytqkslslspgk 212 8976-pTau- qsveesggrlvtpgtpltltctvsgfslssnainwvrqapgkglewigyiavsgntyyaswa Rb86- kgrftiskasttvdlkmtsptaedtgtyfcgksniwgpgtivtvslastkgpsvfplapsskst hugamma1-SS- sggtaalgclvkdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglyslssvvtvpssslgtqty knob-mTfR- icnvnhkpsntkvdkkvepkscdkthtcppcpapellggpsvflfppkpkdtlmisrtpe 8D3-scFab vtcvvvdvshedpevkfnwyvdgvevhnaktkpreeqynstyrvvsvltvlhqdwlng keykckvsnkalpapiektiskakgqprepqvytlppcrdeltknqvslwclvkgfypsd iavewesngqpennykttppvldsdgsfflyskltvdksrwqqgnvfscsvmhealhnh ytqkslslspgggsggggsggggsggggsdiqmtqspaslsasleeivtitcqasqdignw lawyqqkpgkspqlliygatsladgvpsrfsgsrsgtqfslkisrvqvedigiyyclqaynt pwtfgggtkveikrtvaapsvfifppsdeqlksgtasvvcllnnfypreakvqwkvdnal qsgnsqesvteqdskdstyslsstltlskadyekhkvyacevthqglsspvtksfnrgecgg ggsggggsggggsggggsggggsggggsggevqlvesggglvqpgnsltlscvasgftf snygmhwirqapkkglewiamiyydsskmnyadtvkgrftisrdnskntlylemnslr sedtamyycavptshyvvdvwgqgvsvtvssastkgpsvfplapsskstsggtaalgclv kdyfpepvtvswnsgaltsgvhtfpavlqssglyslssvvtvpssslgtqtyicnvnhkpsn tkvdkkvepksc

Example 25: Characterization of Monovalent Anti TfR Antibodies

Identification of Human and Cynomolgus TfR-Binding Antibodies by Cell ELISA

To screen rabbit B-cell or mouse hybridoma supernatants for antibodies recognizing human and cynomolgus TfR, a cell ELISA using stably transfected CHO-K1 cells way employed. Stable transfectants were obtained by transfecting CHO-K1 cells with expression plasmids containing expression cassettes for the human or cynomolgus TfR as well as for neomycin-phosphotransferase. After transfection, cells were diluted in growth medium containing 500 μg/mL G418 (Life Technologies). After appearance of growing clones, cells were detached, stained with MEM-75 (Abcam) or 13E4 (Life Technologies) and PE-labeled secondary antibodies for human or cynomolgus TfR, and highly fluorescent cells sorted as single cells into 96-well-plate wells (FACS Aria). After 7 days of growth, clones were again checked for TfR expression and best expressing clones selected for cell ELISA experiments.

Briefly, 15,000 cells were seeded per well of a 384-well plate and incubated for 18 h at 37° C., 5% CO2. Supernatant was removed using an automated washer (BIOTEK), and 30 μL of antibody-containing supernatant added to each well, followed by 24 μL of growth medium. After 2 hours of incubation, wells were emptied and 30 μL of 0.05% glutaraldehyde in PBS added for 45 min. at RT. After 3 washes with PBS/0.025% Tween20 (PBST), 30 μL of anti-rabbit-HRP or anti-mouse-HRP (Southern Biotech) diluted 1:5000 in Blocking buffer was added and plates incubated for 1 hour at RT. Wells were washed 6 times with PBST and signal was generated using 30 μL of TMB per well and absorbance measured at 450 nm.

Cloning and Expression of Anti-TfR Antibodies

-   -   Recombinant DNA techniques

Standard methods were used to manipulate DNA as described in Sambrook, J. et al., Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1989. The molecular biological reagents were used according to the manufacturer's instructions.

-   -   Gene and oligonucleotide synthesis

Desired gene segments were prepared by chemical synthesis at Geneart GmbH (Regensburg, Germany). The synthesized gene fragments were cloned into an E. coli plasmid for propagation/amplification. The DNA sequences of subcloned gene fragments were verified by DNA sequencing. Alternatively, short synthetic DNA fragments were assembled by annealing chemically synthesized oligonucleotides or via PCR. The respective oligonucleotides were prepared by metabion GmbH (Planegg-Martinsried, Germany).

PCR Amplification of V-Domains

Total RNA was prepared from B-cells lysate (resuspended in RLT buffer—Qiagen—Cat. N° 79216) using the NucleoSpin 8/96 RNA kit (Macherey & Nagel; 740709.4, 740698) according to manufacturer's protocol. RNA was eluted with 60 μL RNAse free water. 6 μL of RNA was used to generate cDNA by reverse transcriptase reaction using the Superscript III First-Strand Synthesis SuperMix (Invitrogen 18080-400) and an oligo-dT-primer according to the manufacturer's instructions. All steps were performed on a Hamilton ML Star System. 4 μL of cDNA were used to amplify the immunoglobulin heavy and light chain variable regions (VH and VL) with the AccuPrime SuperMix (Invitrogen 12344-040) in a final volume of 50 μL using the primers rbHC.up and rbHC.do for the heavy chain, rbLC.up and rbLC.do for the light chain of Wild Type Rabbit B cells and BcPCR_FHLC_leader.fw and BcPCR_huCkappa.rev for the light chain of transgenic rabbit B-cells (see Table below). All forward primers were specific for the signal peptide (of respectively VH and VL) whereas the reverse primers were specific for the constant regions (of respectively VH and VL). The PCR conditions for the RbVH+RbVL were as follows: Hot start at 94° C. for 5 min.; 35 cycles of 20 sec. at 94° C., 20 sec. at 70° C., 45 sec. at 68° C., and a final extension at 68° C. for 7 min. The PCR conditions for the HuVL were as follows: Hot start at 94° C. for 5 min.; 40 cycles of 20 sec. at 94° C., 20 sec. at 52° C., 45 sec. at 68° C., and a final extension at 68° C. for 7 min.

TABLE 39 rbHC.up AAGCTTGCCACCATGGAGACTGGGCTGCGCTGGCTTC (SEQ ID  NO: 213) rbHCf.do CCATTGGTGAGGGTGCCCGAG (SEQ ID  NO: 214) rbLC.up AAGCTTGCCACCATGGACAYGAGGGCCCCCACTC (SEQ ID  NO: 215) rbLC.do CAGAGTRCTGCTGAGGTTGTAGGTAC (SEQ ID  NO: 216) BcPCR_FHLC_ ATGGACATGAGGGTCCCCGC leader.fw (SEQ ID  NO: 217) BcPCR_ GATTTCAACTGCTCATCAGATGGC huCkappa.rev (SEQ ID NO: 218)

8 μL of 50 μL PCR solution were loaded on a 48 E-Gel 2% (Invitrogen G8008-02). Positive PCR reactions were cleaned using the NucleoSpin Extract II kit (Macherey & Nagel; 740609250) according to manufacturer's protocol and eluted in 50 μL elution buffer. All cleaning steps were performed on a Hamilton ML Starlet System.

Recombinant Expression of Rabbit Monoclonal Bivalent Antibodies

For recombinant expression of rabbit monoclonal bivalent antibodies, PCR-products coding for VH or VL were cloned as cDNA into expression vectors by the overhang cloning method (RS Haun et al., BioTechniques (1992) 13, 515-518; M Z Li et al., Nature Methods (2007) 4, 251-256). The expression vectors contained an expression cassette consisting of a 5′ CMV promoter including intron A, and a 3′ BGH poly adenylation sequence. In addition to the expression cassette, the plasmids contained a pUC18-derived origin of replication and a beta-lactamase gene conferring ampicillin resistance for plasmid amplification in E. coli. Three variants of the basic plasmid were used: one plasmid containing the rabbit IgG constant region designed to accept the VH regions while two additional plasmids containing rabbit or human kappa LC constant region to accept the VL regions.

Linearized expression plasmids coding for the kappa or gamma constant region and VL/VH inserts were amplified by PCR using overlapping primers.

Purified PCR products were incubated with T4 DNA-polymerase which generated single-strand overhangs. The reaction was stopped by dCTP addition.

In the next step, plasmid and insert were combined and incubated with recA which induced site specific recombination. The recombined plasmids were transformed into E. coli. The next day the grown colonies were picked and tested for correct recombined plasmid by plasmid preparation, restriction analysis and DNA-sequencing.

For antibody expression, the isolated HC and LC plasmids were transiently co-transfected into HEK293 cells and the supernatants were harvested after 1 week.

Generation of vectors for the expression of rabbit monoclonal monovalent antibodies

For recombinant expression of selected candidates as monoclonal monovalent antibodies rabbit constant regions of all VH chains were converted into human constant regions enclosing the knob-mutation in the CH3 segment. For VL chains derived from rabbit wild-type B-cells, rabbit C kappa constant regions were converted into human. 4 μL of cDNA of the selected candidates were used to amplify the immunoglobulin heavy and light chain variable regions with the AccuPrime SuperMix (Invitrogen 12344-040) in a final volume of 50 μL with forward primers specific for the signal peptide and reverse primers specific for the CDR3-J region with (at the 3′ end) overlap sequence (20 bp) homologous to the human constant regions (respectively of VH and VL). The PCR conditions for the VH and VL chain amplification were as follows: Hot start at 94° C. for 5 min.; 35 cycles of 20 sec. at 94° C., 20 sec. at 68° C., 45 sec. at 68° C., and a final extension at 68° C. for 7 min.

PCR-products coding for VH or VL were cloned as cDNA into expression vectors by the overhang cloning method (RS Haun et al., BioTechniques (1992) 13, 515-518; M Z Li et al., Nature Methods (2007) 4, 251-256). The expression vectors contained an expression cassette consisting of a 5′ CMV promoter including intron A, and a 3′ BGH poly adenylation sequence. In addition to the expression cassette, the plasmids contained a pUC18-derived origin of replication and a beta-lactamase gene conferring ampicillin resistance for plasmid amplification in E. coli. Two variants of the basic plasmid were used: one plasmid containing the human IgG constant region designed to accept the new amplified VH chain and a second plasmid containing the human kappa LC constant region to accept the VL chain.

Linearized expression plasmids coding for the kappa or gamma constant region and VL/VH inserts were amplified by PCR using overlapping primers.

Purified PCR products were incubated with T4 DNA-polymerase which generated single-strand overhangs. The reaction was stopped by dCTP addition.

In the next step, plasmid and insert were combined and incubated with recA which induced site specific recombination. The recombined plasmids were transformed into E. coli. The next day the grown colonies were picked and tested for correct recombined plasmid by plasmid preparation, restriction analysis and DNA-sequencing.

Transient Expression of the Monovalent Anti-TfR Antibodies

The antibodies were generated in vivo in transiently transfected HEK293 cells (human embryonic kidney cell line 293-derived) cultivated in F17 Medium (Invitrogen Corp.). For transfection “293-Free” Transfection Reagent (Novagen) was used. Antibodies and antibody-based modified molecules as described above were expressed from individual expression plasmids. Transfections were performed as specified in the manufacturer's instructions. Recombinant protein-containing cell culture supernatants were harvested three to seven days after transfection. Supernatants were stored at reduced temperature (e.g. −80° C.) until purification. General information regarding the recombinant expression of human immunoglobulins in e.g. HEK293 cells is given in: Meissner, P. et al., Biotechnol. Bioeng. 75 (2001) 197-203.

hCMEC/D3 Cell Culture for Transcytosis Assays

Medium and supplements for hCMEC/D3 (Weksler, B. B. et al., FASEB J. 19 (2005), 1872-1874) were obtained from Lonza. hCMEC/D3 cells (passages 26-29) were cultured to confluence on collagen-coated coverslips (microscopy) or flasks in EBM2 medium containing 2.5 FBS, a quarter of the supplied growth factors and fully complemented with supplied hydrocortisone, gentamycin and ascorbic acid.

For all transcytosis assays, high density pore (1×108 pores/cm2) PET membrane filter inserts (0.4 μm, 12 mm diameter) were used in 12-well cell culture plates. Optimum media volumes were calculated to be 400 μL and 1600 μL for apical and basolateral chambers, respectively. Apical chambers of filter inserts were coated with rat tail collagen I (7.5 μg/cm2) followed by fibronectin (5 μg/mL), each incubation lasting for 1 hour at RT. hCMEC/D3 cells were grown to confluent monolayers (approx. 2×105 cells/cm2) for 10-12 days in EMB2 medium.

Transcytosis Assay of Monovalent Transferrin Receptor Specific Antibodies

The entire assay was performed in serum-free EBM2 medium. Filter inserts with cells were incubated apically with monovalent antibodies (concentration: 2.67 μg/mL) for 1 hour at 37° C. following which the entire apical and basolateral media were collected. From these values, paracellular flux was calculated. The monolayers were washed at RT in serum-free medium apically (400 μL) and basolaterally (1600 μL) 3×3-5 min. each. All the washes were collected to monitor efficiency of removal of the unbound antibody. Pre-warmed medium was added to the apical chamber and the filters transferred to a fresh 12 well plate (blocked overnight with PBS containing 1% BSA) containing 1600 μL pre-warmed medium. At this point, cells on filters were lysed in 500 μL RIPA buffer in order to determine specific antibody uptake. The remaining filters were incubated at 37° C. and samples collected at various time points to determine apical and/or basolateral release of antibody. The content of antibody in the samples was quantified using a highly sensitive IgG ELISA. For each time point, data were generated from three filter cell cultures.

Sensitive IgG ELISA after Transcytosis Assay

The entire procedure was performed at RT using an automated washer for the wash steps. A 384-well plate was coated with 30 μL/well of 1 μg/mL anti-human/mouse-IgG, Fc⋅-specific in PBS for 2 hours followed by 1 hour incubation in blocking buffer PBS containing 1% BSA or 1% CroteinC for human and mouse IgG assays, respectively). Serially diluted samples from the transcytosis assay and standard concentrations of the antibody used in the transcytosis assay were added to the plate and incubated for 2 hours. After four washes, 30 μL/well of 50 ng/mL anti-human/mouse-F(ab)2-Biotin in blocking buffer was added and incubated for a further 2 hours. Following 6 washes, 30 μL/well of 50 ng/mL (huIgG assay) or 100 ng/mL (mIgG assay) Poly-HRP40-Streptavidin (Fitzgerald; in PBS containing 1% BSA and 0.05% Tween-20) was added and incubated for 30 min. After 4 washes, immune complexes were detected by addition of 30 μL/well of BM Chemiluminescence Substrate (Roche). The luminescence signal was measured using a luminescence plate reader and concentration calculated using the fitted standard curve. The sensitivity of the assay ranged from 10 pg/mL to 10 ng/mL.

Rabbit anti-transferrin antibody clone 2/99 showed properties comparable to that of the anti-transferrin receptor antibody 128.1. This can be seen from the following Table.

TABLE 40 Characterization of antibody 2/99 (SEQ ID NO. 178/179) total total sum transcytosis total total sum loading basolateral apical transported loading transcytosis basolateral apical transported % of mAb % of mAb % of mAb % of mAb origin [pg] % basolateral [pg] [pg] [pg] 128.1 128.1 128.1 128.1 mAb 2226 34 757 1229 1986 100 100 100 100 128.1 clone- 2773 36 998 1346 2344 125 132 110 118 2/99 max. EC50 max. geo. BIAcore [ng/mL] geo. EC50 mean ratio ratio BIAcore BIAcore BIAcore t½ FACS mean [ng/mL] Cyno EC50 max off-rate t½ off-rate Cyno ratio hTfR- hTfR- FACS TfR- Cyno/ Cyno/ huTfR huTfR cyTfR TfR t½ origin CHO CHO cyTfR CHO human human [1/s] [min] [1/s] [min] human/Cyno mAb 96 78200 314 52100 3.3 0.6 6.06E−04 19 5.47E−02 0 90.2 128.1 clone- 275 55600 241 52000 0.9 1.0 6.16E−04 19 2.77E−04 42 0.4 2/99

The mouse anti-human transferrin-receptor antibody 128.1 (WO 93/10819) was taken as reference. The transferrin receptor binder 2/99 shows a transcytosis loading of 705 pg, whereof after 4 hours 170 pg (=24% of loading) can be found in the basolateral compartment and 294 pg (=42% of loading) can be found in the apical compartment.

The transferrin receptor binder 4/94 shows a transcytosis loading of 3510 pg, whereof after 4 hours 748 pg (=21% of loading) can be found in the basolateral compartment and 1503 pg (=43% of loading) can be found in the apical compartment.

Example 26: Epitope Mapping by Cell ELISA of CHO Cells Transfected with hTfR Mutants

In order to be able determine the epitope regions on human transferrin receptor (hTfR), mutations were introduced into the hTfR sequence at positions, where a cluster of surface-exposed amino acids had different amino acids in the aligned mouse TfR sequence (see Table below), following the rationale that in spite of the significant homology between human and mouse TfR (77% identity), no antibodies directed to the extracellular part are known which show good cross-reactivity between both orthologous. Cloning of plasmids with the corresponding mutations is described above. To map binding of human TfR binders to those epitopes, CHO-K1 cells were transiently transfected with the described plasmids and antibody binding measured in a cell ELISA. Briefly, 104 cells were plated per well of a 96-well plate the day before experiment in normal growth medium (RPMI/10% FCS). The other day, medium was changed to OPTI-MEM Serum-Reduced Medium (Gibco), and 10 μL of a mixture of 1200 μL OPTI-MEM, 12 μg plasmid DNA and 12 μL XtremeGENE transfection reagent (Roche) were added to the wells after 30 minutes of pre-incubation. Cells were incubated for 2 days at 37° C./7.5% CO2, then medium was removed and TfR antibodies added at concentrations between 1 nM and 100 nM in growth medium, followed by 2 h incubation at 4° C. Afterwards, antibody solutions were replaced by 0.05% glutaraldehyde in PBS and cells fixed for 15 min. at RT, then washed twice with PBS and incubated with HRP-conjugated anti-human-Fc secondary antibody (BioRad; 1:2000 in ELISA Blocking Reagent (Roche)) for 1.5 hours at RT. Signal was generated after 3 washes with PBS using 50 μL of TMB per well and absorbance measured at 450 nm.

TABLE 41 Plasmid # mutations in hTfR 10188 — 18909 Thr518Asp/Gln520Lys/Phe521 Ser/Gln524Arg 18910 Arg325Gln 18911 Ser355Ala/Asp356Arg/Lys358Asn/Thr359Ile 18912 Asp204Gln/Lys205Ser/Arg208Asn 18913 Lys574Gly/Glu575Ala/Ile577Thr/Glu578Gln 18914 Ala196I1e/Gln197Gly/Asn198Gln/Ser199Asn/ Val200Met/Ile201Va1/I1e202Thr/Val203Ile/ Asp204Val/Lys205Gln/Asn206Ser/Gly207Asn/ Arg208Gly/Leu209Asn/Val210Leu/Tyr211Asp/ Leu212Pro 18974 Asp245G1u/Tyr247Ser/Thr248Tyr/Pro249Ser

Example 27: Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Binding Assay for Human TfR-Antibody Interaction

The binding experiment were carried out on a BIAcore B 4000 (GE Healthcare) equipped with C1 sensorchip (GE Healthcare, cat.no. BR1005-35) pre-treated with anti-human Fab antibody (GE Healthcare, cat.no 28-9583-25) using a standard amine coupling chemistry procedure accordingly to the vendor's manual.

For kinetic measurements the sample antibody was immobilized applying a contact time of 60 seconds and a flow rate of 10 μL/min in phosphate buffer saline pH 7.4, 0.05% Tween 20 at 25° C. Recombinant His6-tagged human transferrin receptor (R&D systems, cat.no 2474-TR-050) was applied in increasing concentrations and the signal monitored over the time. An average time span of 150 seconds of association time and 600 seconds of dissociation time at 30 μL/min flow rate was recorded. Data were fit using a 1:1 binding model (Langmuir isotherm).

TABLE 42 Sequences of the epitopes of human transferrin receptor (hTfR) SEQ ID NO Sequence 202 IGQNMVTIVQSNGNL 20 203 NMVTIVQSNGNLDPV 204 QSNGNLDPVESPEGY

Example 28: Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Binding Assay for Human TfR-Antibody Interaction

The binding experiment were carried out on a BIAcore B 4000 (GE Healthcare) equipped with C1 sensor chip (GE Healthcare, cat.no. BR1005-35) pre-treated with anti-human Fab antibody (GE Healthcare, cat.no 28-9583-25) using a standard amine coupling chemistry procedure accordingly to the vendor's manual.

For kinetic measurements the sample antibody was immobilized applying a contact time of 60 seconds and a flow rate of 10 μL/min in phosphate buffer saline pH 7.4, 0.05 Tween 20 at 25° C. Recombinant His6-tagged human transferrin receptor (R&D systems, cat.no 2474-TR-050) was applied in increasing concentrations and the signal monitored over the time. An average time span of 150 seconds of association time and 600 seconds of dissociation time at 30 μL/min flow rate was recorded. Data were fit using a 1:1 binding model (Langmuir isotherm).

Example 29: Humanization of the VH and VL Domains of Murine and Rabbit Anti-Transferrin Receptor Antibody

The non-human anti-transferrin receptor antibodies were humanized as follows: Based on the characterization of encoding sequences and amino acid sequences that comprise the VH and VL domains of a the non-human anti-transferrin receptor antibodies of the IgG1 class with kappa light chain, a corresponding humanized anti-transferrin receptor antibody was generated by CDR grafting an backward/forward mutations based on the human germline framework VH4_3 and VK1_10 combination for clone 299.

The humanized antibodies of clone 2/99 as reported herein were not available by applying standard humanization techniques. It was required to introduce non-standard mutations in the amino acid sequence in order to obtain a humanized antibody with transferrin receptor binding off-rates within the intended range. This is especially important as the antibodies as reported herein are being developed for crossing the human blood-brain-barrier to shuttle the HER bispecific antibody as the therapeutic payload into the brain.

It has been found that in order to obtain a suitable and developable humanized antibody two cysteine amino acid residues in the light chain of the parental rabbit antibody had to be replaced by a proline and an asparagine amino acid residue, respectively. In addition to be within the given off-rate range a serine residue present in the middle of the rabbit CDRL3 had to be replaced by an alanine residue.

Is has further been found that it is advantageous to change three amino acid residues in the heavy chain at positions 65, 100 g and 105 (numbering according to Kabat).

All numbering as used herein is based on the Kabat variable domain numbering scheme.

Anti-transferrin receptor antibodies that specifically bind to human transferrin receptor (huTfR) and cynomolgus transferrin receptor (cyTfR) were obtained.

Example 30: Method to Determine Human/Cynomolgus TfR Receptor Affinity

In this example the method for the determination of the human transferrin receptor affinities for the comparison of the dissociation behavior is outlined.

For all analysis the Biotin CAPture Kit from GE Healthcare (Instruction 28-9242-34 AB) was used. First the chip was rehydrated by docking it in the BIAcore T200 instrument. After that, the chip was left on standby with running buffer overnight. For surface preparation the Biotin CAPture Reagent was diluted 1:100 in running buffer (1×PBS, supplemented with 0.25 M NaCl). This solution was injected on Flow Cells 1 to 4 for 360 sec with a flow rate of 2 μL/min. Next the sensor surface was conditioned with three one-minute injections of regeneration solution provided in the Biotin CAPture Kit. This has to be done for the docking procedure or for the first time or after storage. A 100 nM human or cynomolgus, respectively, mono-biotinylated transferrin receptor solution should be injected on Flow Cell 2 for 30 sec at a flow rate of 10 μL/min. For affinity determination injections with six concentrations (500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.625 and 0 nM) were applied. They were injected on the “hu-TfR-flow cell” (e.g. Flow Cell 2 as prepared as outlined above) with an injection time of 180 sec (association) and a flow rate of 10 μL/min. After dissociation phase of 600 sec the surface was regenerated according to the manufacturer's instructions with the regeneration solution provided in the Biotin CAPture Kit and the next cycle was carried out.

The kinetic data was evaluated using the BIAcore T200 evaluation software. Especially the dissociation rate constants of the different human transferrin receptor binders were taken into account after the application of the 1:1 Langmuir binding model.

Example 31: B4000 Relative Ranking of Human/Cynomolgus Transferrin Receptor Dissociation

A CAP sensor chip (provided in the Biotin CAPture Kit, series S #28-9202-34 GE) was mounted into a BIAcore B4000 system, normalized and addressed in a hydrodynamic manner, according to the manufacturer's instructions. In the first cycle the CAP reagent (as provided in the Kit) was addressed to spot 1, 2, 4 and 5 with a flow rate of 10 μL/min for 300 sec. The human transferrin receptor capture took place in spot 1 (human transferrin receptor-biotinylated) and spot 5 (cynomolgus transferrin receptor-biotinylated) with a flow rate of 10 μL/min and a contact time of 30 sec. The receptors were diluted to a concentration of 50 nM with running buffer (1×PBS #28995084, GE Healthcare, supplemented with 0.25 M NaCl). The antibodies were injected into all flow cells in a concentration series of 100 nM, 50 nM, 25 nM and 0 nM for 180 sec at a flow speed of 30 μL/min. Dissociation time was set to 300 sec. Regeneration of the whole complex from the CAP chip has been performed utilizing the regeneration solution provided in the Biotin CAPture Kit (120 sec with a flow rate of 10 μL/min). To control the active protein concentration a second cycle was performed in spot 5 utilizing biotinylated protein A (#P2165-2MG, Sigma) with a flow rate of 10 μL/min and a contact time of 30 sec. Spot 1 was kept empty in this control cycle. The antibodies and the regeneration were handled like in cycle 1. Relevant kinetic data was calculated using the BIAcore B4000 evaluation software. The dissociation from the human transferrin receptor has been determined applying the 1:1 dissociation fit.

Results

The mouse anti-human transferrin-receptor antibody 128.1 (WO 93/10819) was taken as reference. The new humanized anti-transferrin receptor antibodies that specifically bind to human transferrin receptor (huTfR) and cynomolgus transferrin receptor (cyTfR) had an off-rate for the human transferrin receptor that was equal to or less than (i.e. at most) that of the anti-transferrin receptor antibody 128.1 for the cynomolgus transferrin receptor, whereby the off-rates are determined by surface plasmon resonance and bound with an off-rate for the human transferrin receptor that was between and including 0.1 l/s and 0.005 l/s.

In the following Table the off-rates of humanization variants of the rabbit light chain variable domain of clone 2/99 in combination with humanization variants of the rabbit heavy chain variable domain of clone 2/99 are shown. Binding partner was human transferrin receptor (determined at 25° C.).

TABLE 43 VH VL 0 (rb) 1 2 5 6 7 8 9 11 12   0 (rb) 4.34E−04 9.08E−04 8.06E−04 7.72E−04 6.63E−04 5.15E−04 4.06E−04 9.01E−04 9.05E−04 9.21E−04 1 5.69E−03 1.00E−03 1.00E−03 1.00E−03 1.00E−03 7.52E−03 3.19E−03 6.94E−03 1.00E−03 1.00E−03 2 1.25E−03 2.86E−03 2.75E−03 2.41E−03 1.87E−03 1.31E−03 1.01E−03 3.99E−03 3.85E−03 6.35E−03 3 1.32E−03 4.31E−03 3.84E−03 3.16E−03 2.82E−03 1.45E−03 1.00E−03 4.17E−03 5.65E−03 5.86E−03 4 1.36E−03 2.56E−03 2.63E−03 2.38E−03 1.87E−03 1.25E−03 7.88E−04 2.70E−03 3.88E−03 3.11E−03 5 1.94E−03 2.71E−03 2.62E−03 2.53E−03 1.66E−03 1.35E−03 1.07E−03 3.50E−03 4.56E−03 5.82E−03 6 1.90E−03 5.38E−03 5.55E−03 4.64E−03 3.06E−03 1.97E−03 1.40E−03 6.83E−03 6.71E−03 7.05E−03 7 4.63E−03 7.33E−03 7.50E−03 6.97E−03 5.63E−03 3.66E−03 2.31E−03 7.61E−03 7.81E−03 7.71E−03 8 1.39E−03 4.85E−03 3.94E−03 3.78E−03 3.01E−03 1.72E−03 1.16E−03 5.23E−03 5.52E−03 5.31E−03 9- 1.41E−03 2.46E−03 2.21E−03 2.03E−03 1.41E−03 1.21E−03 1.01E−03 2.52E−03 2.42E−03 2.19E−03 NYA (SEQ ID NO 193) 10  1.88E−03 6.77E−03 6.49E−03 6.53E−03 4.55E−03 2.64E−03 1.73E−03 7.19E−03 7.16E−03 7.79E−03 12  5.41E−03 7.05E−03 8.14E−03 1.00E−03 7.78E−03 7.75E−03 6.72E−03 1.00E−03 7.87E−03 1.00E−03 14  1.78E−03 2.99E−03 2.44E−03 2.33E−03 2.20E−03 1.53E−03 1.04E−03 3.32E−03 3.51E−03 5.46E−03 15  6.63E−03 6.69E−03 6.38E−03 6.37E−03 4.21E−03 2.73E−03 1.81E−03 7.39E−03 7.09E−03 7.76E−03 17  1.49E−03 7.56E−03 7.12E−03 7.45E−03 7.17E−03 1.87E−03 1.12E−03 4.25E−03 7.55E−03 7.27E−03 VH 23- VL 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 DANG   0 (rb) 4.82E−04 7.63E−04 6.53E−04 4.13E−04 1.09E−03 1.00E−03 1.11E−03 5.65E−04 5.06E−04 3.38E−04 1 1.00E−03 7.72E−03 7.71E−03 4.33E−03 1.00E−03 1.00E−03 1.00E−03 7.71E−03 5.78E−03 2.80E−03 2 2.46E−03 2.16E−03 1.97E−03 1.05E−03 4.89E−03 7.69E−03 5.25E−03 1.38E−03 1.26E−03 7.15E−04 3 2.77E−03 2.07E−03 1.73E−03 8.43E−04 6.65E−03 1.00E−03 7.15E−03 1.94E−03 1.43E−03 7.83E−04 4 1.30E−03 1.34E−03 1.27E−03 7.23E−04 3.35E−03 1.00E−03 4.36E−03 1.46E−03 1.18E−03 7.61E−04 5 2.18E−03 2.14E−03 2.23E−03 1.23E−03 3.49E−03 1.00E−03 3.52E−03 1.37E−03 1.41E−03 8.80E−04 6 3.65E−03 3.50E−03 3.39E−03 1.71E−03 6.74E−03 1.00E−03 6.06E−03 2.07E−03 2.14E−03 1.16E−03 7 6.68E−03 5.43E−03 5.25E−03 2.33E−03 7.66E−03 1.00E−03 7.14E−03 2.38E−03 3.37E−03 1.55E−03 8 2.47E−03 2.09E−03 1.97E−03 1.11E−03 6.77E−03 6.71E−03 6.58E−03 1.74E−03 1.65E−03 9.41E−04 9- 1.39E−03 1.42E−03 1.36E−03 9.34E−04 2.21E−03 6.17E−03 1.89E−03 1.13E−03 1.26E−03 7.69E−04 NYA (SEQ ID NO 193) 10  5.89E−03 3.99E−03 4.24E−03 1.88E−03 7.46E−03 1.00E−03 7.05E−03 2.11E−03 2.09E−03 1.20E−03 12  7.85E−03 7.64E−03 7.54E−03 2.84E−03 1.00E−03 1.00E−03 1.00E−03 7.54E−03 6.44E−03 1.87E−03 14  2.22E−03 1.94E−03 1.75E−03 1.05E−03 3.00E−03 7.96E− 03 2.39E−03 1.03E−03 1.12E−03 7.33E−04 15  7.11E−03 6.03E−03 4.77E−03 1.56E−03 7.58E−03 1.00E−03 7.85E−03 1.92E−03 1.79E−03 9.86E−04 17  3.39E−03 1.69E−03 1.66E−03 9.88E−04 5.30E−03 1.00E−03 4.57E−03 9.97E−04 9.38E−04 6.94E−04

The combination of VH23-DANG with VL09-NYA (SEQ ID NO 193) was chosen as starting point for further engineering to develop a binding site that is reflecting the properties of the antibody 128.1 with respect to the binding to human transferrin receptor more closely.

In the following Table the off-rates of different exemplary variants of VH23-DANG and VL9-NYA (SEQ ID NO 193) as well as different other variable domain humanization variants for the human transferrin receptor are shown in comparison (determined according to Example 31 at 25° C.).

TABLE 44 VK9- NYA (SEQ VH567- ID NO VK9- VK9- VK9- P . . . NY VK12- VK17- VK15- VK2- VK6- 193) SYA GYS CYS A HYS TYS AYS SYS SYS VH23-   8.83E−  3.96E− 4.62E−03  1.53E−  2.29E−  6.97E−  5.22E−  1.32E− DANG 03 03 02 03 03 03 02 VH23-  3.95E−  4.84E−  3.73E−  2.33E− DASG 02 04 03 03 (SEQ ID NO 192) VH23-  1.49E−  7.55E−  3.75E−  1.51E− DAQG 02 04 03 03 (SEQ ID NO 205) VH9-  1.82E−  6.52E−  4.02E− DANG 03 03 02 VH9-  1.25E− DAQG 03 VH7-  3.08E− DANG 02 reference: 128.1 = 7.78E-02 (determined for the cynomolgus transferrin receptor).

In the following Table the kinetic data of different exemplary variants of VH23 and VL9 are shown in comparison (determined according to Example 30).

TABLE 45 BIAcore Assay @ 25° C. TfR kd [s⁻¹] ka [s⁻¹M⁻¹] kD [M] mAb 128.1 cynomolgus 7.33E−02 5.41E+05 1.36E−07 VH23-DASG/VL09-NYA human 3.95E−02 8.83E+04 4.47E−07 (SEQ ID NO 192/193) VH23-DAQG/VL09-NYA human 1.37E−02 1.21E+05 1.13E−07 (SEQ ID NO 205/193) VH23-DANG/VL09-NYA human 8.83E−03 1.55E+05 5.72E−08

In the following Table the off-rates of humanization variants of the murine light chain variable domain of clone 4/94 in combination with humanization variants of the murine heavy chain variable domain of clone 4/94 are shown. Binding partner was human transferrin receptor.

TABLE 46 VH 1 2 3 4 (SEQ ID (SEQ ID (SEQ ID (SEQ ID VL 0 (mu) NO 201) NO 207) NO 208) NO 209) 0 (mu) 1.36E−04 1.37E−04 1.56E−04 1.48E−04 1.77E−04 1 3.70E−04 4.10E−04 4.54E−04 4.76E−04 4.48E−04 (SEQ ID NO 194) 2 3.64E−04 3.99E−04 4.26E−04 4.15E−04 4.38E−04 (SEQ ID NO 195) 3 3.39E−04 3.86E−04 4.30E−04 4.34E−04 4.52E−04 (SEQ ID NO 196) 4 5.42E−04 6.57E−04 7.03E−04 6.83E−04 7.05E−04 (SEQ ID NO 197) 5 5.44E−04 6.84E−04 7.17E−04 7.17E−04 7.28E−04 (SEQ ID NO 198) 6 3.81E−04 4.86E−04 5.27E−04 5.50E−04 5.52E−04 (SEQ ID NO 199) 7 2.32E−04 2.74E−04 2.99E−04 3.06E−04 3.26E−04 (SEQ ID NO 200)

Example 32: In Vivo Characterization of Herceptarg-scFab(8D3)

A Her2-expressing intracranial tumor xenograft model was used to compare the brain tumor penetration of Herceptarg-brain shuttle to Herceptarg alone by 3D fluorescence ultramicroscopy.

Cell Lines

The human breast cancer cell line BT474 M1 was maintained in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and 2 mL L-glutamine. Propagation of cell lines followed standard cell culture protocols.

Intracranial Implantation of Tumor Cells in Mice

Female severe combined immunodeficient hairless outbred (SHO) mice (weight 20 to 27 g) were obtained from Charles River and were 7 to 9 weeks of age at initiation of experiments. Mice were anesthetized with i.p. injection of 100 mg/kg ketamine and 10 mg/kg xylazine. Scalp was disinfected and removed over the whole right hemisphere of the brain to expose the cranium. The periosteum was removed by a bone scraper. Next, a 0.7-mm burr hole in diameter was drilled 2 mm right of midline and 2 mm anterior to bregma with a dental drill. Mice were then placed in a small animal stereotactic frame and BT-474 M1 cell suspension (5×10⁵ cells in 3 μl) was injected using a Hamilton syringe with a 26s-gauge needle to a depth of 3 mm into the brain tissue. After injection, needle was slowly withdrawn and the hole was sealed with Cyano veneer tissue glue. All animal studies were approved by the local government (file number 55.2-1-54-2532.0-76-14, Government of Upper Bavaria, Germany).

Application of Substances

30 days after tumor cell implantation mice received an i.v. injection of Herceptarg(LALA)-scFab(8D3)-Alexa Fluor 750 (5 mg/kg, n=7) or Herceptarg(LALA)-Alexa Fluor 750 (3.75 mg/kg; n=5) 6 h before dissection. Five minutes before necropsy, mice were injected i.v. with 100 μg lectin-Alexa Fluor 750 solution to allow visualization of blood vessels ex vivo. Substances were systemically given via the tail vein in a volume of 150 μl.

Necropsy, Fixation and Optical Clearance of Brains

Mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Brains were explanted and transferred to 10% buffered formalin for about 12 hours at room temperature in the dark and thereafter were dehydrated in a graded tetrahydrofuran series (50%, 70%, 80%, 100% for 90 minutes each, 100% over night and 100% for 90 minutes). Afterwards brains were cleared in dibenzyl ether for 2 days until the specimen became optically transparent.

3D Imaging of Brains by Ultramicroscopy

The optical transparent samples were placed in a commercial ultramicroscope, equipped with an Imager 3QE camera (both LaVision Biotec), a 2 My PLAPO 2VC objective lens (Olympus) and a supercontinuum white light laser (SuperK EXTREME 80 mHz VIS; NKT Photonics). The samples were scanned with a standard magnification of 0.63 in 5.1 μm thick virtual sections with filter settings appropriate for Alexa Fluor 647 (excitation range 655/15 nm, emission range 680/30 nm) and Alexa Fluor 750 (excitation range 747/33 nm, emission range 786/22 nm) signal detection. Tiff raw data were converted to dicom files and visualized using the OsiriX software (Pixmeo). A 3D brain tumor region of interest (ROI) was defined according to the dimensions of chaotic vessel structures seen by lectin-Alexa Fluor 750 staining. The determined 3D ROI was imported to 3D-reconstructed mab-Alexa Fluor 750 data files to read out mean antibody fluorescent signals within the brain tumors.

The distinct fluorescent signal intensities of mab-Alexa Fluor 750 at different distances from nearest lectin-Alexa Fluor 647-stained blood vessels were quantified. This was done with a set of custom developed image analysis algorithms implemented as a “Definiens Cognition Network Technology” rule set (Definiens AG).

Statistical analysis was performed by GraphPad Prism software (GraphPad Software, Inc.) using 2-way ANOVA plus Sidak's multiple comparison test (FIG. 36). The significance levels are indicated by asterisks (**p<0.01 and ****P<0.0001). All data are presented as means±standard error of the mean. 

1. A trispecific antibody specifically binding to HER2 and a blood-brain barrier receptor (BBB-R), comprising a first monovalent antigen binding site specific for extracellular domain II of HER2 and a second monovalent antigen binding site specific for extracellular domain IV of HER2, and a third monovalent antigen binding site specific for a BBB-R.
 2. The trispecific antibody of claim 1, wherein the BBB-R of the third antigen binding site is selected from the group consisting of transferrin receptor (TfR), insulin receptor, insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF receptor), low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8), low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF).
 3. The trispecific antibody of claim 1 wherein the third antigen binding site is specific for the transferrin receptor.
 4. The trispecific antibody of claim 3 wherein the third antigen binding site specifically binds to an epitope in the transferrin receptor comprised within the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 202, 203 and/or
 204. 5. The trispecific antibody of claim 1, further comprising a first Fab molecule capable of specific binding to extracellular domain II of HER2 and a second Fab molecule capable of specific binding to extracellular domain IV of HER2, wherein the sequence of the variable light chain of the first Fab molecule is identical to the sequence of the variable light chain of the second Fab molecule.
 6. The trispecific antibody of claim 5, further comprising (a) a first heavy chain comprising a heavy chain CDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 58, and SEQ ID NO: 14; a heavy chain CDR 2 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: SEQ ID NO: 15, and SEQ ID NO: 60; a heavy chain CDR 3 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 59, and SEQ ID NO: 16; and (b) a second heavy chain comprising a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20, a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29, a heavy chain CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 30 and SEQ ID NO: 79; and (c) a first and a second light chain, wherein the variable light chains of the first and second light chain each comprise a light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89, a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 90, and a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
 19. 7. The trispecific antibody of claim 5, further comprising two variable light chains comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 54, a first heavy chain comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 70, and SEQ ID NO: 68; and a second heavy chain comprising a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 92 and SEQ ID NO:
 117. 8. The trispecific antibody of claim 1, further comprising a first Fab molecule capable of specific binding to extracellular domain II of HER2 and a second Fab molecule capable of specific binding to extracellular domain IV of HER2, wherein either the variable regions or the constant regions of the heavy and light chain of at least one Fab fragment are exchanged.
 9. The trispecific antibody of claim 8, wherein the first Fab molecule comprises a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16; a light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, and a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13; wherein the second Fab molecule comprises a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20, a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 108, a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 79, a light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 107, a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18, and a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
 19. 10. The trispecific antibody of claim 8, wherein the first Fab molecule comprises a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16, a light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, and a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13; and wherein the second Fab molecule comprises a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20, a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29, a heavy chain CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88; a light chain CDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 104, SEQ ID NO: 103, and SEQ ID NO: 158; a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18; and a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
 19. 11. The trispecific antibody of claim 8, wherein the first Fab molecule comprises a variable heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22 and a variable light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24, and wherein the second Fab molecule comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105 and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
 106. 12. The trispecific antibody of claim 1, wherein the third antigen binding site specific for a BBB-R is a scFv or a scFab.
 13. The trispecific antibody of claim 12, wherein the scFv or scFab is connected to the N-terminus of an IgG molecule comprising the first and second antigen binding site.
 14. The trispecific antibody of claim 12, wherein the scFv or scFab is connected to the C-terminus of the first or second subunit of the Fc domain.
 15. The trispecific antibody of claim 1, wherein the third antigen binding site comprises a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 186, a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 187, a heavy chain CDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 188, SEQ ID NO: 206 and SEQ ID NO: 174; a light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 189, a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 190, and a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:191.
 16. The trispecific antibody of claim 1, wherein the third antigen binding site comprises a heavy chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 172, a heavy chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 173, a heavy chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 174; a light chain CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 175, a light chain CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 176, and a light chain CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:177.
 17. The trispecific antibody of claim 1, wherein the third antigen binding site comprises a variable heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 178 and a variable light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 179, or a humanized version thereof.
 18. The trispecific antibody of claim 1, wherein the third antigen binding site comprises a variable heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 192 or SEQ ID NO: 205 and a variable light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
 193. 19. The trispecific antibody of claim 1, wherein the third antigen binding site comprises the heavy chain CDR1 of SEQ ID NO: 180, the heavy chain CDR2 of SEQ ID NO: 181, the heavy chain CDR3 of SEQ ID NO: 182; the light chain CDR1 of SEQ ID NO: 183, the light chain CDR2 of SEQ ID NO: 184, and the light chain CDR3 of SEQ ID NO:
 185. 20. The trispecific antibody of claim 1, wherein the third antigen binding site comprises a variable heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 166 and a variable light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 167, or a humanized version thereof.
 21. The trispecific antibody of claim 1, wherein the third antigen binding site comprises a variable heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 195, SEQ ID NO: 196, SEQ ID NO: 197, SEQ ID NO: 198, SEQ ID NO: 199, and SEQ ID NO: 200, and a variable light chain comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group of SEQ ID NO: 201, SEQ ID NO: 207, SEQ ID NO: 208, and SEQ ID NO:209.
 22. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the bispecific antibody of claim
 1. 23. (canceled)
 24. (canceled)
 25. (canceled)
 26. (canceled)
 27. (canceled)
 28. (canceled)
 29. A nucleic acid sequence comprising a sequence encoding a heavy chain of the trispecific antibody of claim
 1. 30. A nucleic acid sequence comprising a sequence encoding a light chain of the trispecific antibody of claim
 1. 31. An expression vector comprising a nucleic acid sequence of claim
 29. 32. A prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cell comprising a vector according to claim
 31. 33. A method of producing an antibody comprising culturing the host cell of claim 32 so that the antibody is produced.
 34. (canceled)
 35. A method of treating an individual having cancer comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of the trispecific antibody of claim
 1. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the wherein the cancer is a HER2-positive cancer with brain metastases. 